小浪底数字地震台网技术系统构成与应用

基于小浪底数字地震台网建设改造,就微震台网和强震台网在大坝监测中的应用做了详细的介绍,试图为同类台网的建设提供借鉴和参考。     

河北测震台网单台震级偏差分析

以河北测震台网记录的河北及周边地区地震事件为数据源,计算单台测定震级与台网平均震级的平均偏差、标准偏差,采用统计、对比、归纳分析等方法,分析偏差的分布情况,依据震中距分段计算平均偏差,得到震级偏差的分布规律及相应校正值;最后通过对量规函数、台基岩性等进行校正,对比拟合出符合河北台站特点的新量规函数,使误差精度在规定范围之内。     

数字化地震仪系统的标定

介绍了数字地震仪系统传递函数的特征和测定方法,给出了地震仪标定软件的使用方法和计算步骤。结合实际波形数据处理过程,着重对标定计算中参数的设置,以及需要注意的问题进行了讨论和分析。这对于正确快速地获取地震仪的传递函数具有重要的现实意义,有利于国家数字地震台站和区域地震台站地震观测系统的定期标定工作,同时也将促进数字化地震观测资料的应用研究。     

宽频带数字地震记录仿真的应用

利用傅里叶分析法，把速度型宽频带数字地震记录变成台站人员所熟悉的长周期，中长周期模拟常规地震记录，分析人员能在仿真后的记录波形图上识别震相和计算震级。为地震台站用宽频带数字地震记录取代模拟记录提供了一种资料处理方法。     

黄土地区地铁车站数值模型及测试位置研究

介绍了黄土地区地铁车站振动台模型试验的测试设备与数据采集系统;基于ABAQUS有限元分析软件,采用有限元-无限元耦合的建模方法,对地震作用下黄土地区地铁车站的加速度反应、位移反应、应变反应,以及土-结构相互作用的接触土压力进行了研究。结果表明,结构构件交叉部位的应变反应及接触土压力较大。最后,根据地铁车站地震反应特点,研究了黄土地区地铁车站振动台模型试验中传感器的布置原则和布置方案,为试验获得可靠数据提供了重要保证。同时,本文得到的黄土地区地铁车站地震反应特点和规律,可为黄土介质模型试验及深度数值模型分析提供参考。     

泰安地震台水平摆1981年以来资料统计分析建模

通过对泰安地震台水平摆20多年光记录和8年数字化记录资料的整理和统计分析,得出泰安台水平摆固体潮年变曲线的规律,将其变化趋势作为一个基本模型,作为将来资料分析的依据,同时将光记录与数字记录年变趋势做对比分析,初步探讨同一峒室同一仪器墩上的这2个仪器趋势变化不尽相同的原因。     

Mining-induced microseismic event location errors: Accuracy and precision of two location systems

The accuracy and precision of microseismic event locations were measured, analyzed, and compared for two types of location systems: anolog and digital. In the first system, relative times of first arrival were estimated from analog signals using automated hardware circuitry; station positions were estimated from mine map coordinates; and event locations were determined using the BLD (Blake, Leighton, and Duvall) direct solution method. In the second system, arrival times were manually measured during interactive displays of digital waveforms; station coordinates were surveyed; and the SW-GBM (Salamon and Wiebols; Godson, Bridges, and McKavanagh) direct basis function was used to solve for locations. Both systems assume constant isotropic seismic velocity of slightly different signals data sets, calibration blast signals with known source site and origin time, and microseismic event signals, were recorded by each location system employing the same array of high-frequency (5 kHz) accelerometers with 150 m maximum dimension. The calibration blast tests indicated a location precision of ±2 m and accuracy of ±10 m for the analog system. Location precision and accuracy for the digital system measured ±1 m and ±8 m, respectively. Numerical experiments were used to assess the contributions of errors in velocity, arrival times, and station positions on the location accuracy and precision for each system. Measured and estimated errors appropriate to each system for microseismic events were simulated in computing source locations for comparison with exact synthetic event locations. Discrepancy vectors between exact locations and locations calculated with known data errors averaged 7.7 and 1.4 m for the analog and digital systems, respectively. These averages are probably more representative of the location precision of microseismic events, since the calibration blast tests produce impulsive seismic arrivals resulting in smaller arrival-time pick errors in the analog system. For both systems, location accuracy is limited by inadequate modeling of the velocity structure. Consequently, when isotropic velocity models are used in the travel-time inversions, the increased effort expended with the digital location system does not, for the particular systems studied, result in increased accuracy.     

基于衰减关系的城镇烈度发生概率快速估计

震后快速产出的震动烈度分布是地震应急救援非常有效的依据, 通常由烈度与地震动参数的经验关系给出. 有台站的场点, 地震动参数可以直接由台站数据给出确定性的结果; 而无台站的场点, 地震动参数只能由衰减关系给出估计值. 目前我国台站覆盖有限, 且难于实时获取, 快速生成的地震动参数主要依赖于地震动衰减关系, 再依据烈度与地震动参数的经验关系, 输出确定性的震动烈度分布. 由于衰减关系本身存在着不确定性, 将其估计值用于生成确定性的震动烈度分布是不准确的. 而且实践证明, 震动烈度与实际调查烈度存在差异. 鉴于此, 从衰减关系模型中的ε出发, 提出了场点(城镇)遭遇不同烈度的概率计算方法: 利用衰减关系的估计值与衰减关系的标准差, 构造峰值加速度(PGA)变化的对数正态分布, 然后以烈度分档对应的PGA范围, 计算震区各城镇遭遇不同烈度的概率及各城镇抗震设防烈度被超越的概率. 具体以1966年3月8日河北邢台M_S6.8地震为例, 说明了此方法的可行性, 认为以概率形式给出城镇可能遭遇的烈度在表述上更为合理, 并建议将场点(城镇)遭遇烈度的概率表达方法用于震害快速评估.      

Recording Program of Basic System for Seismometric Monitoring of the Technical Condition of Buildings and Structures

Problems of software development for basic seismometric monitoring of the technical condition of buildings and structures are considered. A client–server architecture is chosen for the recording program of the system. The server component provides interconnection with the equipment, data acquisition, storage, and processing. The client component provides the user (operator) interface, hardware configuration and application, and representation of system tasks and results in user-friendly form. The seismic monitoring system operates in two modes: the main one includes the isolation and recording of seismic events with assessment of their impact on a structure using the MSK-64 scale; the advanced mode provides recording of microseismic vibrations according to the schedule (specified by the operator) for monitoring the technical condition of a structure. Moreover, the system continuously records oscillations of an object. Thus, the server program writes and stores three types of files: seismic events, monitoring, and continuous recording. When a seismic event is detected or system malfunctions arise, responsible personnel are notified by e-mail and SMS according to an approved list. All operator actions, as well as system functioning events, are fixed in the message log and system log. The client program provides visualization of data on oscillations at observation sites in the form of oscillation seismograms, current signal-amplitude spectra, and vibration-level histograms from the measurement channels for a selected component. All information important for the operator (display of sensors and their status, current configuration, seismograms of corresponding measurement channels, and a list of latest messages in the system) is presented in a mnemonic diagram, which is one of the main working windows of the application. The main specific features of the program are support of different types of equipment (seismic stations), independence from the number of connected seismic stations/recorders, wide possibilities in configuring the system hardware and the application itself, the possibility of unlimited user (client) connections for browsing seismometric data, and multilanguage support.     

黄土场地地铁车站振动台试验方案设计与研究

为得到可靠的试验数据,对黄土场地典型断面地铁车站大型振动台试验方案进行设计与研究.根据试验目的和特点,提出黄土场地与地铁车站动力相互作用模型体系相似设计原则,并基于Bockingham的π定理对模型结构进行相似设计;通过室内试验研究模型材料配合比、力学特性及模型制作技术;采用有限元-无限元耦合数值建模方法,分析黄土场地...     

新疆数字地震台站观测动态范围和台基噪声的分析

介绍了新疆数字地震台仪器的配置,对新疆23个数字地震台站台基噪声进行分析计算。台站的观测动态范围,反映了观测仪器本身的性能和台基环境干扰背景的水平,有效动态范围大小反映记录地震信号的最大能力。台站(台网)的监测能力不仅取决于仪器的性能,而且还与台基的噪声背景有关。得出了各地震台台基的脉动噪声的均方根值、观测动态范围、地噪声功率谱。有效观测动态范围的大小与数字地震仪的种类和配置有关。新疆23个数字地震台中的21个台的台基地动噪声在1~20 Hz内符合中国数字测震台网技术规程的要求,而另外2个台,即二宫和石河子数字地震台没有达到规定指标。     

长输埋地管道振动台试验传感器布置方案研究

在进行长输埋地管道振动台试验的过程中,针对数据信息的采集量测以及传感器的布置位置进行了研究。采用三维数值模拟的方法对管-土相互作用体系进行了地震反应分析,内容包括埋地管道结构纵、横向在非一致地震动作用下的地震响应及受力变形特征。根据计算结果确定了主观测断面及辅助观测断面的位置及观测断面上传感器布置的位置,在满足基本信息采集要求的前提下,对可供采用的信息采集通道进行了优化分配,由此确定本次试验的观测断面以及传感器的具体测量部位与数目。成果对试验获得成功起到了保障作用,可为同类试验提供参考。     

大连台使用CTS-1记录波形特点

自"九五"数字化改造以来,作为国家数字台网重要组成部分的大连地震台配备了数字地震观测系统(CTS-1),使台站的地震观测水平和观测质量有了质的飞越。大连地震台通过长时间对不同类型及不同震中距的地震震例分析、讨论与研究,总结出了大连地震台的地震波形及震相特征。大连台使用CTS-1记录波形特点。     

Mikhnevo: from seismic station no. 1 to a modern geophysical observatory

The Mikhnevo seismic station was founded in accordance with directive no. 1134 RS of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union of February 6, 1954. The station, installed south of Moscow, began its operations on monitoring nuclear tests in the United States and England in 1954. For dozens of years this station was the leading experimental base for elaborating new technical solutions and methods for monitoring nuclear explosions, equipped with modern seismological instruments. At present, the focus of activities has been moved from military applications to fundamental geophysical research. The station preserves its leading position in seismological observations due to the development of national high-performance digital instruments and creation of the small-aperture seismic array, the only one in the central part of European Russia, which is capable of recording weak seismic events with M_L ≥ 1.5 within a distance of 100 km.     

会昌地震台数字与模拟地震波形和震级的对比初探

通过会昌台数字与模拟地震记录到的多个地震事件进行对比分析，认为前者在记录带宽、获取更多的地震动物理量、记录波形能力及可操作性等方面具有显著的优势，数字观测完全可以取代模拟观测；对两种记录计算的地震震级进行了对比与统计分析，发现数字记录近震的震级比远震的偏差要大，远震震级可直接与全国地震目录接轨。     

面波震级和它的台基校正值

本文叙述了我国现行的北京地震台面波震级 Ms 公式的由来, 所使用的公式为Ms=log(A/T)max+(△)系以古登堡-里克特(Gutenberg-Richter)对帕萨迪纳(Pasadena)地震台测定的面波震级为标准, 由国际上与该标准一致的六个著名地震台的面波平均震级制定出北京地震台测定面波震级的起算函数(△).当震中距离△=8-130得到公式(△)=(1.660.09)log△+(3.500.14)对于△=130-180之间的公式, 我们结合中国地震观测的实际情况将吸收系数项作了改进, 求得半经验半理论公式为(△)=6.775+1/2[(2.147e-0.04465△+1.325)(△-90)10-2logsin△+1/3(log△-1.954)]为了提高面波定震级的精确度, 将北京地震台的面波震级标准推广到全国十二个基准台, 利用360个地震的数据算出了各台的台基校正值, 提高了测定面波震级的一致性.      

Willmore地震计与DCS—302数字记录器的配用研究

美国ＴｅｒｒａＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ公司生产的ＤＣＳ－３０２数字地震仪原来配用ＳＳＡ－３０２力平衡加速度计，用于观测地震的近场地面运动加速度。本文设计了一套装在地震计与记录器之间的前置放大器，使ＤＣＳ－３０２记录器可与英国制造的ＷｉｌｌｍｏｒｅＭＫ３型动磁式地震计配用，既能记录近震，又能记录远震，扩大了ＤＣＳ－３０２数字地震仪的使用范围。文中给出了记录实例。     

潮汐数字记录应用软件

文中较详细地介绍了重力潮汐数字记录系统应用软件,主要包括数字采集的控制部分、观测资料的日常处理、重力仪记录格值的标定等一系列与台站观测有关的处理功能。它实现了潮汐信息从采集到成果处理的自动化,首次将48小时的Nakai潮汐数据预处理方法引入PC-1500计算机。它能有效地剔除、修正数字采集器本身无法识别的错误数据或干扰信号,使观测人员能根据拟合参量的变化,及时了解仪器的工作状况及记录系统灵敏度的变化。实践表明:此软件配合数字采集系统使用后大大提高了重力固体潮观测的整体水平。对这一软件作部分的改进后,可用于固体潮其它分量的观测。     

测震台站综合防雷系统建设及效能评价

介绍雷害对测震台站的危害方式,总结测震台站的综合防雷基本措施,包括地网改造、配电防雷、信号与通信防雷、布线规划与整理,创新地提出特定条件下安装退耦器以提高防雷效果。通过对比计算台基噪声与观测系统标定结果,研究综合防雷系统接入测震台站观测系统后对数据质量的影响,以进行防雷效能评价。     

The ADSS-3 broadband stand-alone digital seismic station

The SSD-3 three-channel seismic recorder and the ADSS-3 three-component broadband standalone digital seismic station based on the SSD-3 together with SM-3E seismic sensors were developed. The main advantage of this equipment in comparison with foreign and domestic analogs is simplicity and convenience while maintaining high technical characteristics. The structure and operation of the seismic sensor and seismic recorder are considered, and their main technical characteristics are given. Laboratory, bench, and comparative tests of the seismic recorder and station demonstrated their working capacity and compliance with the development goal. Based on the test results, the ADSS-3 seismic station was commissioned as a three-component broadband observation point of the Mikhnevo small-aperture seismic array. The data obtained using the ADSS-3 made is possible to study the structure of the crust and upper mantle of this region using the receiver function method.