对近代先驱地理学家徐霞客研究的回顾与展望

本文回顾了400年来对徐霞客及其游记研究的五个阶段：近代启蒙地理学探索；对散失游记重新搜集整理；用近代的理论与方法进行研究；放到资本主义经济萌芽背景上进行研究；近年来全面综合的研究。评价了各阶段主要研究者的重要贡献。展望了今后开拓的新领域，再现当时的地理环境，找出其中演化趋势；并阐述了发掘徐霞客精神的重要意义。     

CLIMATIC VARIATION IN CALIFORNIA: LOOKING AHEAD TO 2000 AD

Temperature scenarios to 2000 AD for three regions in Califronia are given together with rationales for their realization. It is shown that urban and rural areas have had, and will continue to have, different time traces of temperature. Further, the time traces of temperature to the year 2000 AD will be a composite of natural causative factors and human impact. The implications of changing temperatures on selected economic activities, and the changing variability in precipitation are discussed. It is concluded that the probability of occurrence of severely dry and severely wet rainy seasons is sufficiently high to warrant an explicit incorporation of climate in future planning within the state.     

STATISTICAL INFERENCE IN GEOGRAPHY: MODERN APPROACHES SPELL BETTER TIMES AHEAD*

Concepts relevant to statistical inference testing are discussed within a framework which contrasts conventional methodology with current trends in statistics. The latter are emphasized as having the quality of being less restrictive than the former. To show this quality, randomization testing is described and an example presented. Also described is a nonparametric technique known as QAP, which is particularly versatile. Optimism is expressed about the potentiality of such procedures for geographic research.     

试论中西地理思想的差异及中国古代地理学的特点

中国古代有独持的地理学的理论与成就,西方科学家称之为“东方文化生态”。其中,”天人合一”的地理观;天、地、生、人各系统之间的整体、有机观体现了中国古代地理学的特点。深入发掘中国古代的地理学思想,对当今建立开放、复杂的地理巨系统有现实意义。     

A NEW RECEPTOR MODEL:A DIRECT TRILINEAR DECOMPOSITION FOLLOWED BY A MATRIX RECONSTRUCTION

In many cases,monitoring data for ambient airborne particles can be organized in the form of a three-way data table with one way for chemical species,one for sampling periods and one for sites.A directtrilinear decomposition followed by a matrix reconstruction(DTDMR)is developed to analyze such adata table as a whole.The three-way data set is composed into three two-way matrices by a direct trilineardecomposition(DTD).The column vectors of each of the matrices are called‘source profiles’,‘emissionpatterns’and‘site coefficients’respectively.Particulate sources are identified by examining both theirsource profiles and emission patterns.After the sources have been identified,emission patterns and sitecoefficients are used to produce a three-way matrix that gives estimates of mass contributions of sourcesto the samples collected at every site in every period.By simulation study,not only has the method beenverified,but a good indicator has been found that shows the number of factors(i.e.sources)in thesystem.Unlike other receptor models,DTDMR does not require source profile data and does not involvetrial-and-error procedures.Since DTDMR identifies sources based on variations in two dimensions,it hasa higher potential to distinguish two sources that have similar chemical compositions.The DTDMRmodel has provided excellent results with simulated data and has been applied in a real world three-waydata set.     

A review of A Teacher's Handbook on Energy

Abstract

A Teacher's Handbook on Energy, prepared under the direction of the Governor's Energy Advisory Council in consultation with the Texas Education Agency, January 1977.     

地理研究者的地图空间认知过程

地理研究者的地图空间认知过程，经历了地图的感知觉阶段、心象形成阶段、心象记忆对比分析阶段和认知思维（提出问题、解决问题）阶段。其对地图的认知带有强烈的目的性，已有的心象地图（地理空间概念）对地图空间认知有重要的影响。知觉过程经历了先自上而下后自下而上的两个阶段，是两个阶段的有机结合；心象地图的形成过程是概括地物图形特点、抽取地物组成元素及其组织关系的过程；心象地图的记忆则是构成心象的元素和组织这些元素的关系分别编码储存的过程；认知思维是根据地理空间概念进行判断、推理的过程，是地理研究者认知地图空间的核心；心象地图（地理空间概念）则是认知思维的基础。