Argo光盘数据集的研制与应用

早期的Argo数据光盘主要基于文件系统的数据管理,都没有提供对查询结果的保存和打印功能,更没有引入数据库系统对浮标数据进行综合管理.文中针对Argo数据共享和分发过程中存在的不足,特别是Argo光盘数据集所存在的问题,提出了改进方法.并引进数据库技术对Argo光盘数据集进行了补充和完善:提出了使用Winrar压缩软件对光盘数据资料进行压缩,从而解决了日益增加的Argo数据与光盘容量有限的矛盾,可以更好的满足Argo数据分发和共享的需求.为了充分发挥Argo光盘数据集的功能,文中还针对Argo资料用户对图形文件的需求,利用VC++和Matlab混合编程的方法,开发了Argo视图软件.最后,基于数据库技术研制完成了一张包含了1997-2006年全球海洋上全部Argo剖面浮标观测的Argo光盘数据集,并系统介绍了该数据集的结构、功能和应用过程等.     

基于气候性温盐关系模型对Argo数据进行质量控制的研究

通过全球Argo计划的实施,我们获得了大量的温盐剖面数据。如果对浮标所在洋区的状况不是很了解,很难判断Argo浮标电导率传感器的工作状态及盐度数据的可靠性。为了避免错误的数据,必须对Argo进行有效的质量控制。国家海洋信息中心根据西北太平洋海区的南森站和CTD温盐数据,建立了高质量的气候学温盐数据集,对投放在西北太平洋海区的Argo浮标数据进行了相应的质量控制。结果表明,利用Argo浮标所在海区的气候学数据对Argo数据进行质控是比较有效的方法之一。     

Several Important Issues in Salinity Quality Control of Argo Float

Several floats that deployed by different countries during the last years over the global ocean, which served as a contribution to the Array for real time geostrophic oceanography (Argo), are studied in this paper with respect to their uniqueness in the Delayed Mode Quality Control (DMQC) process. Of these floats, issues were found in the temperature-salinity relationships during the DMQC, which would easily be misinterpreted or overlooked. This study lists and summarizes the possible situations of the floats that might confront in their observation life, together with the reasonable explanations. The authors present some thoughts on evaluating the performance of the conductivity sensors and calibrating the float salinity data.     

基于Argo浮标数据的星载微波辐射计Aquarius数据产品质量评估

Aquarius是专门用于海洋盐度监测的L波段辐射计,于2011年6月发射入轨,目前已进入业务化运行阶段。本文以太平洋为研究区域,利用Argo盐度现场数据对星载微波辐射计Aquarius的2012年2级数据产品质量进行了分析与讨论,结果表明:与Argo数据比较,Aquarius数据盐度存在0.1的负偏差,标准差约为0.7,升轨和降轨数据差异不明显;受亮温陆地污染和无线电射频干扰的影响,近岸海域反演误差较大;海面温度较高的低纬海域反演结果优于中纬度海域;受亮温敏感性及粗糙海面发射率模型的影响,Aquarius在低温水域以及高风速条件下盐度反演误差较大,标准差可达1以上。     

Argo剖面浮标的检测及其施放探讨

Argo剖面浮标是一种新颖的海洋观测设备 ,它的抛弃式测量特性决定了对其检测和正确施放的重要性。为了确保 Argo剖面浮标在海上长期 (4～ 5 a)工作 ,并能获得可靠的观测资料 ,本文对 Argo浮标的检测和海上(调查船 )施放步骤作了详尽介绍 ,以供借鉴。     

全球海洋中Argo剖面浮标运行状况分析

A rgo剖面浮标是A rgo全球海洋实时观测网建设中的主要观测设备。自2001年国际A rgo计划组织实施以来,世界上已经有22个国家和团体在全球海洋中陆续布放了3 000多个A rgo剖面浮标,它们的寿命和运行状况一直是人们重视和关心的问题,因为这关系到何时能够实现国际A rgo计划的最终目标,更重要的是,涉及到浮标的性能、资料的可靠性。文中就这些问题进行了探讨,希望能有助于关注者对A rgo全球海洋实时观测网的建设及运行情况有一比较全面的了解。     

全球Argo实时海洋观测网全面建成

文中较详尽地介绍了全球Argo实时海洋观测网建设现状,以及Argo资料在相关领域应用研究中所取得的成果,揭示了Argo资料广阔的应用研究前景。但要实现国际Argo计划的最终目标,尚需各参与国不遗余力。     

Stability of Temperature and Conductivity Sensors of Argo Profiling Floats

After recalibration of the temperature and conductivity sensors of three Argo profiling floats recovered after operations for four to nine months, the results indicate that the floats basically showed no significant drift, either in temperature or salinity, and adequately fulfilled the accuracy requirement of the Argo project (0.005°C for temperature and 0.01 psu for salinity). Only the third float showed a significant offset in salinity of about −0.02 psu, as expected from comparison between the float data and the shipboard conductivity-temperature-depth data. This offset was caused by the operational error of the PROVOR-type float, in which the surface water was pumped immediately after the launch, fouling the conductivity sensor cell. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

国际Argo计划执行现状剖析

国际Argo计划自2000年实施以来,世界上25个国家和团体已经在全球海洋中布放了5000余个Argo浮标,其中在海上正常工作的浮标已经超过3000个。这标志着全球Argo实时海洋观测网已经全面建成。文中将系统介绍国际Argo计划主要成员国在浮标布放、回收和Argo资料管理等方面所作出的贡献,以帮助读者对这21世纪的重大国际海洋观测计划有一较全面、深入的了解。     

基于Argo、XBT数据的苏拉威西海温盐特征分析

综合利用Argo温、盐度观测剖面资料,以及中国南极科学考察时沿途获取的XBT温度剖面,分析探讨了苏拉威西海域(117°E-127°E,0°-8°N)上表层温度和盐度的气候态分布和变化特征.结果 表明,苏拉威西海域的温度范围约为2.5℃～30℃,盐度约为33.2‰ ～ 35.1‰.与垂向变化相比,温、盐度水平梯度均较小,...     

Effects of interannual salinity variability on the dynamic height in the western equatorial Pacific as diagnosed by Argo

In this paper, interannual variations of the ocean dynamic height over the tropical Pacific are diagnosed using three-dimensional temperature and salinity fields from Argo profiles, with a focus on the...     

Argo浮标观测溶解氧数据的原理与质量控制

Argo剖面浮标已成为海洋溶解氧观测数据的主要来源,截至2018年7月已在全球范围内获取了超过13万条溶解氧剖面,然而目前其数据的质量控制仍然存在不足。本文首先介绍了Argo浮标上携带的溶解氧传感器的测量原理、主要误差来源以及两种校正方法:气候态校正法与空气测量校正法,并提出了目前在溶解氧传感器数据质量控制研究亟需解决的技术问题,包括:①由于传感器伸出水面的高度不够,一些浮标并不能有效测量空气氧含量,因为无法进行空气测量校正方法;②Argo观测的溶解氧数据库中目前存在一些异常测量剖面没有得到有效剔除,影响校正系数的计算;③使用平均值确定校正系数的方法容易受到异常剖面的干扰。     

基于Argo资料的西北太平洋海表面盐度对台风的响应特征分析

基于1996—2012年西北太平洋Argo剖面浮标盐度观测资料,利用合成分析方法研究了海表面盐度对台风的响应特征。结果表明海表面盐度对台风的响应具有明显的非对称性:台风过后其路径右侧的海表面盐度显著上升;左侧的则在R₅₀内上升,R₅₀外区域普遍下降。进一步分析显示台风强度、移动速度和海洋混合层深度对海表面盐度响应特征均有较大影响。强度大或移动缓慢的台风能造成大范围的海表面盐度上升;强度小或移动快速的台风只在路径右侧造成海表面盐度上升,左侧的则普遍下降。夏季(6-9月)台风过后,海表面盐度在混合层浅的区域普遍大幅上升,在混合层深的区域则在台风路径左右两侧2R₅₀范围内小幅上升,在远离台风路径左侧区域下降。     

Variation of Indo-Pacific upper ocean heat content during 2001–2012 revealed by Argo

Understanding of the temporal variation of oceanic heat content(OHC) is of fundamental importance to the prediction of climate change and associated global meteorological phenomena. However, OHC characteristics in the Pacific and Indian oceans are not well understood. Based on in situ ocean temperature and salinity profiles mainly from the Argo program, we estimated the upper layer(0–750 m) OHC in the Indo-Pacific Ocean(40°S–40°N, 30°E–80°W). Spatial and temporal variability of OHC and its likely physical mechanisms are also analyzed. Climatic distributions of upper-layer OHC in the Indian and Pacific oceans have a similar saddle pattern in the subtropics, and the highest OHC value was in the northern Arabian Sea. However, OHC variabilities in the two oceans were different. OHC in the Pacific has an east-west see-saw pattern, which does not appear in the Indian Ocean. In the Indian Ocean, the largest change was around 10°S. The most interesting phenomenon is that, there was a long-term shift of OHC in the Indo-Pacific Ocean during 2001–2012. Such variation coincided with modulation of subsurface temperature/salinity. During 2001–2007, there was subsurface cooling(freshening)nearly the entire upper 400 m layer in the western Pacific and warming(salting) in the eastern Pacific. During2008–2012, the thermocline deepened in the western Pacific but shoaled in the east. In the Indian Ocean, there was only cooling(upper 150 m only) and freshening(almost the entire upper 400 m) during 2001–2007. The thermocline deepened during 2008–2012 in the Indian Ocean. Such change appeared from the equator to off the equator and even to the subtropics(about 20°N/S) in the two oceans. This long-term change of subsurface temperature/salinity may have been caused by change of the wind field over the two oceans during 2001–2012, in turn modifying OHC.     

ARGO剖面浮标数据质量控制过程剖析

ARGO计划的观测目标是能取得精度分别为0．5℃和0．01PSU的海水温度和盐度资料。然而，由于目前海水盐度是采用海水电导率间接导出的，而测量海水电导率的传感器很容易产生偏差。因此，必须对获得的ARGO数据进行质量控制。文章详细介绍了ARGO剖面浮标资料实时质量控制模式和延时质量控制模式及其采用的质量控制方法等。     

An effectivemethod for improving the accuracy of Argo objective analysis

Based on the optimal interpolation objective analysis of the Argo data, improvements are made to the em- pirical formula of a background error covariance matrix widely used in data assimilation and objective anal- ysis systems. Specifically, an estimation of correlation scales that can improve effectively the accuracy of Ar- go objective analysis has been developed. This method can automatically adapt to the gradient change of a variable and is referred to as ＂gradient-dependent correlation scale method＂. Its effect on the Argo objective analysis is verified theoretically with Gaussian pulse and spectrum analysis. The results of one-dimensional simulation experiment show that the gradient-dependent correlation scales can improve the adaptability of the objective analysis system, making it possible for the analysis scheme to fully absorb the shortwave information of observation in areas with larger oceanographic gradients. The new scheme is applied to the Argo data obiective analysis system in the Pacific Ocean. The results are obviously improved.     

Potential of Argo Drifters for Estimating Biological Production within the Water Column

Argo drifters provide information of the vertical structure in the water column and have a potential for the improvement of understanding phytoplankton primary production and biogeochemical cycles in combination with ocean color satellite data, which can obtain the horizontal distribution of phytoplankton biomass in the surface layer. Our examples show that using Argo drifters with satellite-measured horizontal distribution of phytoplankton biomass at the sea surface allow an improved understanding of the development of the spring bloom. The other possible uses of Argo drifter are discussed.     

混凝土施工质量控制的对策措施

我国是混凝土用量大国,混凝土施工质量的优劣将对国民经济和人民生活带来不可忽视的影响。从工程管理角度分析了混凝土施工中常出现的通病,并从混凝土施工中的质量控制方面提出一些切实可行的预防和对策措施,旨在为提高混凝土施工质量作参考。     

工程项目管理中文件和质量记录的控制及计算机化管理

工程项目中文件和资料以及质量记录的控制和管理是技术管理工作的重要环节,采用控制点管理对工程项目中文件和资料以及质量记录进行控制是必要的方法和手段。本文介绍了在工程项目中文件和资料以及质量记录控制的重要性和控制范围。提出了文件和资料以及质量记录控制管理的控制点的设置以及设置控制点的关键问题和控制方法。     

电子海图质量控制的语言学模型

从语言学层次结构,提出了在电子海图生产中,可以通过语法、语义、语用层次考虑电子海图的空间认知功能,这一模型突破了传统电子海图质检仅关注S-57符合性检查和生产过程检查的缺陷,为电子海图质量控制提供了新的理论体系。