沪宁城际铁路高架桥段CRH动车组运行引起的地面振动现场测试与分析

对沪宁城际铁路CRH动车组运行引起的高架桥段地面振动竖向速度和加速度进行了现场测试,分析了地面振动特征及其传播的衰减规律。结果表明：CRH动车组运行引起的地面振动主频在70Hz以下,属于低频振动;地面振动峰值速度和加速度随着离高架桥距离的增大而减小,20m以内地面振动衰减幅度较大;地面振动峰值随列车时速的提高而增大,车厢数量对地面振动峰值和主频成分的影响不明显;CRH动车组运行引起的地面振动对一般性建筑物影响不大,列车时速为300km左右时,地面振动速度超过办公室等公共建筑的允许值,列车时速为200km左右时,地面振动速度超过居民住宅的允许值;与其他高速铁路的地面振动实测值相比,沪宁城际铁路CRH动车组运行引起的高架桥段地面振动强度相对较低。     

钢弹簧浮置板道床在西安地铁中减振效果分析

西安地铁二号线绕行通过西安钟楼,为降低地铁长期运营对钟楼的振动影响,在钟楼段采用钢弹簧浮置板道床进行减振。主要以地铁二号线运行影响下对钟楼的振动监测数据为基础,通过对钢弹簧浮置板道床段和普通道床段的振动实测值比较与分析,得出隧道内减振段和普通段的振动差异,以此评价钢弹簧浮置板道床在地铁应用中的减振效果。     

近车站地铁运行引起的环境振动的实验与分析

选取上海地铁交通9号线沿线近车站典型区段为对象,以基于LabVIEW2010开发平台的振动测试系统进行数据采集。根据现场实测数据,分析了地铁运行时隧洞中心线对应的地表处3个方向,以及距中心线不同距离地表处垂直地面方向的振动响应实况和振动特性及传播规律。结果表明,地面振动以垂直地表方向振动为主,振动幅值距离隧洞中心线越远越小,在15m左右存在放大区,且放大的敏感频率为15~25Hz。本次实验地点靠近9号线某车站,实验数值具有一定的典型性和特殊性,可为完善该领域的研究提供借鉴和参考。     

Prediction of high-speed train induced ground vibration based on train-track-ground system model

The development of analysis on train-induced ground vibration is briefly summarized. A train-track-ground integrated dynamic model is introduced in the paper to predict the ground vibration induced by high-speed trains. Representative dynamic responses of the train-track-ground system predicted by the model are presented. Some major results measured from two field tests on the ground vibration induced by two high-speed trains are reported. Numerical prediction with the proposed train-track-ground model is validated by the high-speed train running experiments. Research results show that the wheel/rail dynamic interaction caused by track irregularities has a significant influence on the ground acceleration and little influence on the ground displacement. The main frequencies of the ground vibration induced by high-speed trains are usually below 80 Hz. Compared with the ballasted track, the ballastless track structure can produce much larger train-induced ground vibration at frequencies above 40 Hz. The vertical ground vibration is much larger than the lateral and longitudinal components.     

轨道附近地面振动模型中的饱和地层动力格林函数

列车引起场地振动的建模需要能够表达地层的动力格林函数.本文兼顾饱和土的流固两相耦合性、场地土的分层性和波动的三维传播性,构建了半解析的场地动力格林函数.首先,基于Biot方程,在傅里叶变换域求解固体骨架和流体的位移和应力.然后采用传递矩阵方法建立地表位移和应力间的关系,得到格林函数矩阵.进而讨论矩阵的一些固有特征,提出改善竖向位移计算效率的措施.最后利用推导的格林函数计算了几个典型算例.数值结果与文献中其他方法得到的结果十分接近,与场地振动的现场观测试验基本符合.软土场地振动的计算结果高于饱和砂土场地,高速列车场地振动强度高于低速列车.当车速接近场地瑞利波速,模拟结果中显示出马赫锥.数值结果还显示,即使车速略低于瑞利波速,马赫锥也可能出现.本文推导的格林函数将有助于深入理解列车等移动激励作用下层状饱和土场地的振动特征.     

地铁列车曲线运行引起学校建筑物振动响应分析

地铁以其快捷、准时、运量大等优点,已成为重要的轨道交通形式,但由此引起的环境振动问题日益突出.针对杭州市地铁3号线曲线地段的某中学建设工程,利用有限元软件ABAQUS,对车辆-普通整体道床轨道系统的竖向耦合模型进行振动响应分析,得到考虑轨道高低不平顺影响的轨道振动源强.应用有限元软件MIDAS GTS/NX,建立双孔平...     

近距离垂直交叠地铁盾构隧道的动力响应分析

以郑州地区某地铁隧道段为工程背景,采用三维精细化管片和正交各向异性圆环衬砌模型模拟隧道结构,将地铁列车运行荷载简化为人工激励函数,构建地铁列车运行对相邻近距离垂直交叠隧道动力响应的数值模型,对不同列车位置、隧道结构、列车速度、隧道净距等工况下近距离垂直交叠相邻隧道的竖向振动响应、影响范围和动应力进行分析。研究结果表明:上隧道运行列车对下部近距离隧道的拱顶的振动影响较大,其他区域影响较小;下隧道运行列车对上部近距离隧道的振动影响整体较小;采用错缝拼装有利于降低近距离垂直交叠隧道在交叠段的振动影响;上隧道列车在启动加速阶段和达到最高速度行驶两个阶段对下隧道拱顶的加速度影响较大;随着隧道净距的减小,上隧道列车引起近距离交叠垂直隧道的下隧道的拱顶竖向加速度显著增加,交叠区域的整体振动最强烈,当远离交叠段1倍洞径后,净距对加速度值的影响可忽略不计。     

Experimental investigation into ground vibrations induced by very high speed trains on a non-ballasted track

A field measurement of ground vibration was performed on the Beijing−Shanghai high-speed railway in China. In this paper, the experimental results of vertical ground vibration accelerations induced by very high speed trains running over a non-ballasted track on embankment with speeds from 300 to 410 km/h are reported and analyzed in detail for the first time. Characteristics of ground vibration accelerations in both time and frequency domains are analyzed based on the test data. It is shown that the periodic exciting action of high-speed train bogies can be identified in time histories of vertical accelerations of the ground within the range of 50 m from the track centerline. The first dominant sensitive frequency of the ground vibration acceleration results from the wheelbase of the bogie, and the center distance of two neighboring cars plays an important role in the significant frequencies of the ground vibration acceleration. Variations of time–response peak value and frequency-weighted vertical acceleration level of ground vibration in relation with train speed as well as the distance from the track centerline are also investigated. Results show that the time-domain peak value of ground vibration acceleration exhibits an approximately linear upward tendency with the increase of train speed. With the increasing distance from the track centerline, the frequency-weighted vertical acceleration level of the ground vibration attenuates more slowly than the time-domain peak value of the ground vibration acceleration does. Severe impact of high-speed railway ground vibration on human body comfort on the ground occurs at the speed of 380–400 km/h. The results given in the paper are also valuable for validating the numerical prediction of train induced ground vibrations.     

地裂缝-隧道-围岩动力相互作用模型试验研究

为了研究在地铁列车振动荷载情况下盾构隧道-地裂缝-围岩相互耦合作用下的场地灾害效应,从西安地裂缝地质环境和西安地铁2号线的实际工程背景出发,采用相似理论设计了相似比例尺为1∶5的物理模型试验,对盾构隧道、围岩材料、地裂缝等进行了合理设计。基于偏心块的振动原理,课题组自主研发了列车激振器来模拟地铁列车荷载,激振方式采用移动荷载激振方式,分析在不同列车车速和激振频率下地裂缝两侧土体的加速度变化情况,以此来研究地铁隧道-地裂缝-围岩系统在地铁振动荷载作用下的动力响应规律。结果表明,列车振动向下传播时振动衰减的幅度要小于向上传播衰减的幅度,由此为实际工程中减少地铁振动灾害效应技术的发展提供了理论支撑。     

Field experiment of subgrade vibration induced by passing train in a seasonally frozen region of Daqing

The vibration characteristics and attenuation of the subgrade caused by passing trains in a seasonally frozen region of Daqing, China are investigated. Three field experiments were conducted during different times through the year, in normal, freezing and thawing periods, respectively, and the influence of the season, train speed and train type, is described in this paper. The results show that: (l) the vertical component is the greatest among the three components of the measured vibration near the rail track, and as the distance to the railway track increases, the dominant vibration depends on the season. (2) Compared with the vibration in the normal period, the vertical and longitudinal vibrations increase while the lateral vibration decreases in the freezing period. However, in the thawing period, the vertical and longitudinal vibrations decrease, and the lateral vibration increases. (3) As train speeds increase, the subgrade vibration increases. (4) The vibration induced by a freight train is greater than by a passenger train. These observations provide a better understanding of the vibration and dynamic stability of the subgrade and may be useful in developing criteria for railway and building construction in cold regions.     

Experimental investigation of railway train-induced vibrations of surrounding ground and a nearby multi-story building

In this paper, a field experiment was carried out to study train-induced environmental vibrations. During the field experiment, velocity responses were measured at different locations of a six-story masonry structure near the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and along a small road adjacent to the building. The results show that the velocity response levels of the environmental ground and the building floors increase with train speed, and attenuate with the distance to the railway track. Heavier freight trains indu...     

关于高铁地震波场虚拟道集生成的理论分析

中国约80%的高铁运行于高架桥上, 高铁振动通过桥墩传入地面.本文对运行于等间隔桥墩的高架桥上高铁振动产生的地下地震波场形态进行了理论分析, 根据其在特定方向形成相干相位稳相点区域的特征, 设计了一种基于多个不同速度高铁列车振动记录叠加, 分离单桥墩激发虚拟地震波场的方法, 并对单层与多层介质的情形进行了理论验证.

     

Ground vibrations from sheetpile driving in urban environment: measurements, analysis and effects on buildings and occupants

Following a comprehensive review of the subject of man-made ground vibrations, measurements of ground vibration caused by vibratory sheetpile driving in recent soil deposits are reported in terms of particle velocities vs. distance from the source of vibration. The measurements were conducted on paved surfaces and sidewalks in the inner urban environment. Reconstructed particle displacement paths indicated, predominantly, vertical vibrations of the Rayleigh type. The attenuation rate of vibrations with distance was compared to published results of other studies and satisfactory agreement was found to exist. Values of particle velocity measured in this study, however, were lower than corresponding values of other studies under comparable values of rated vibratory kinetic energy. This is possibly due to different soil conditions. Average and upper bound linear log–log attenuation relationships are proposed, which fit the results of measurements and are representative of the conditions likely to be encountered in the urban environment. Measurement of vibrations on higher floors of multistory reinforced concrete buildings indicated a significant amplification of vertical vibration and an average curve for amplification magnitude vs. floor level was fitted to the results of measurements. A comparison of measured values of vibration with the observed performance of buildings and with damage threshold values suggested by existing codes and standards indicated that the latter do not provide safety against damage caused by vibratory densification of loose sandy soils. On the other hand, the existing criteria for human exposure to vibrations in buildings, according to the results of this study, seem to adequately define the degrees of human discomfort.     

Propagation and attenuation characteristics of various ground vibrations

In order to effectively control vibration related problems, the development of a reliable vibration monitoring system and the proper assessment of attenuation characteristics of various vibrations are essential. Various ground vibrations caused by train loading, blasting, friction pile driving and hydraulic hammer compaction were measured using 3D geophones inside of the borehole as well as on the ground surface, and the propagation and attenuation characteristics of various source generated vibrations were investigated by analyzing particle motions. For the geometric modeling of various vibrations, the types of various sources and their induced waves were characterized and the geometric damping coefficients were determined. The measured attenuation data matched well with the predicted data when using the suggested geometric damping coefficient, and the estimated soil damping ratios were quite reasonable taking soil type of the site and experiencing strain level into consideration.     

利用测试法综合评判打桩振动对建筑物的影响

随着城市建设发展,打桩振动引起的纠纷日渐增多。结合某工程场地打桩振动测试,通过研究场地各方向的衰减规律,综合考虑打桩振动的各影响因素,对实测数据进行分析处理。选择适当的标准评价打桩振动对周边民房影响程度,确定影响范围。     

多年冻土区青藏铁路列车荷载作用下路基振动响应研究

针对多年冻土区青藏铁路列车荷载振动作用下的动稳定性,通过对北麓河和二道沟三个典型铁路路基横断面振动响应的二分量加速度观测,对比分析客运列车和货运列车引起的路基振动特性和衰减规律,研究不同防护形式路基的列车振动响应。结果表明,路基上的振动作用主要集中在40～80Hz频率范围内;防护形式对路基的列车动力响应有明显影响,热棒加碎石路基动力响应最小,其次为碎石防护路基,未采取任何防护的路基铁轨上的动力响应最大,建议对未采取防护的路基进行防护。分析结论为青藏铁路列车作用下的路基动稳定性评估提供实测依据,对多年冻土区的路基稳定性研究提供参考。     

高速列车运行引起的地基振动测试与分析

为分析高速列车运行引起的地表处振动峰值加速度随距轨道中心线距离的变化特征,选择8个不同场地类型及路基形式的工程场地进行高速列车运行引起的地表振动加速度测试。研究结果表明,高速列车引起的地表振动加速度随距轨道中心线距离的变化特征因场地条件和路基形式的不同存在显著差异;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类场地条件下,高速列车引起的地表三分量振动加速度均随距轨道中心线距离的增加而减小,且距轨道近距离处峰值加速度衰减较快,远距离处衰减较慢,Ⅰ类场地条件下,高速列车引起的地表振动加速度随距轨道中心线距离的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势;对于相同路基形式的高速铁路,Ⅲ类场地条件下地表振动峰值加速度随距轨道中心线距离的增加减小速度最快,Ⅱ类场地次之,Ⅳ类场地衰减最慢。     

场地条件对高速铁路地基土振动影响的研究

发展高速铁路是解决城市间交通问题的有效途径,但其所产生的振动和噪声引起的环境问题,对铁路沿线居民及周围建筑等造成不利影响。在对高速铁路引起的振动问题进行的研究中,关于高速列车引起的地基土振动随深度变化的相对较少。因此,本文针对Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ类场地条件下的路堤式和高架桥式高速铁路,对0—5m不同深度处地基土的振动加速度响应进行了现场测试,并以测试数据为基础,分析了不同场地条件下高速列车引起的地基土振动加速度响应随深度的变化规律。结果表明,不同场地条件下,高速列车引起的振动加速度响应随深度的变化规律具有显著差异;Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类场地条件下,高速列车引起的地基土振动加速度响应总体随深度的增加而逐渐减小,并呈先快后慢的衰减趋势;而Ⅳ类场地条件下,高速列车引起的地基土振动加速度响应随深度的增加呈现先减小后放大的趋势,在深3m处加速度达到最大值。高速列车运行引起的振动频带随深度的变化特征与场地相关。     

高速铁路运行引发场地振动的空沟隔振分析

为研究高速列车作用下,层状地基中空沟对场地振动的隔振效果,基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论及有限元法,对建立完善高速车辆-无砟轨道-地基耦合系统动力学模型进行仿真计算,分析设置空沟对场地振动的影响,并探讨了空沟的深度、位置、宽度以及列车速度的影响.结果表明:设置空沟加强了沟前场地的振动,但可使空沟后方地基的竖向和水平振动水...     

Behavior of ground vibrations induced by trains moving on embankments with rail roughness

This study investigates the behavior of ground vibrations induced by trains moving on embankments using theoretical formulations, finite element analyses, and field experiments. The train-induced vibrations are large at the dominant frequencies of nV/L_c, even though the rail is very rough, where n is a positive integer, V is the train speed, and L_c is the carriage interval. For subsonic train speeds, the train-induced ground vibration is extremely small when the rail is perfectly smooth, but with a minor rail irregularity, the train-induced ground vibration can be significantly increased. However, for supersonic train speeds, the ground vibrations with or without rail irregularities are not very different, and the vibration of the first dominant frequency having the longest wavelength is the most obvious wave.