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The problem of cost shifting from higher tiers of government to local councils in Australia is widely recognised and has been investigated by several official inquiries. However, it has thus far been difficult to gather reliable estimates of the magnitude of the problem. Quite apart from the taxing definitional and data problems associated with the phenomenon, these difficulties have been compounded by the fact that very few attempts have been made to measure the impact of specific instances of cost shifting in Australian local government, especially its spatial impact. In an attempt to remedy this neglect, this paper seeks to measure the spatial effects of pensioner rate concession rebates on local councils in New South Wales. 相似文献
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Nganabbarru , or water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ), is frequently hunted by Aboriginal men, and buffalo meat is an important food source for many Arnhem Land Aboriginal communities. The experience of buffalo hunting trips with Aboriginal men who reside at Korlohbidahdah outstation in central Arnhem Land is used as a point of departure to consider the relationships between Aboriginal people and megaherbivores in the past and the present, and to explore the complexity of feral animal management in cross-cultural settings. This enquiry raised the question of the cultural conception of feral animals and demonstrates that there is no simple answer to the question: what is a buffalo? Buffaloes have been the focus of a colonial economic industry and are iconic of the Territorian way of life. However, they spread economically significant livestock diseases and cause widespread environmental damage. In the 1980s feral buffalo populations were the target of the Brucellosis and Tuberculosis Eradication Campaign (BTEC) control program. The failure to continue control programs following the cessation of BTEC program and inadequate consultation with Aboriginal landowners has meant that today's land managers are once again faced with conflicting views about controlling feral buffalo populations on Aboriginal land and within National Parks like Kakadu. It is concluded that there are genuine, previously overlooked opportunities for cross-cultural collaboration in managing feral buffaloes. Cross-disciplinary research involving ecologists, anthropologists, linguists, economists and environmental historians is required to help develop sustainable and culturally appropriate feral animal control programs. 相似文献
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2003年3月-2004年4月,在宁德三都湾东湖湿地及其周边地区进行了10次湿地鸟类资源连续调查。调查表明:宁德东湖湿地生物多样性丰富,特别是湿地水禽种类繁多,数量巨大,发现鸟类12目26科80种,计20119只。宁德东湖湿地是福建省鸟类资源的重要分布区,是各类水禽的理想栖息地、越冬地和迁徙地,但存在因开发建设湖面缩小、市区大量生活污水污染水质、湖体淤积、陆地化过快等问题。为此,保护和恢复东湖湿地、建立湿地公园已是势在必行。 相似文献
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从时间与费用两个角度研究广州市地铁建设对公共交通可达性的影响及其影响的空间公平性。结果表明:① 加权时间与费用可达性均形成“核心-外围”的空间格局。通地铁后,南部郊区加权时间可达性变化率较大,花都区变化率最低;加权费用可达性高变率地区集中在地铁沿线及边缘地区。② 不乘地铁情境下,CBD等时圈呈同心圆状,80%的居民在50 min以及2元钱花费内能到达最近的商业综合体。乘地铁情境下等时圈沿着地铁网络延伸与扩散,80%的居民在30 min以及5元钱以内能到达最近的商业综合体。③ 无论是否乘坐地铁,出行时间的不公平程度都高于出行费用的不公平程度。番禺区的社区从地铁网络中时间可达性获益最多,最不公平的是白云区的社区,其绝对和相对变化较低;中心城区由于常规公交网络发达,地铁缩短的绝对出行时间较少,而变化率高。地铁对城市内中远距离出行性价比的影响最明显。 相似文献
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研学旅行是培养地理实践力的有效途径。本文以2018年暑期虎峪自然风景区的一次研学旅行为例,通过文献法和案例分析法,进行基于优化研学旅行设计的地理实践力培养研究。结果表明,虎峪是良好的研学旅行基地,从学生、教师和学校三个维度优化后的研学旅行设计能够促进学生地理实践力的培养。 相似文献
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热带湿地公园游憩者行为偏好研究:以广东九龙山红树林国家湿地公园为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着人们对湿地公园价值认识的提升,更多游人参与到湿地公园的游憩活动中,以游人的行为活动以及设施需求为出发点建设湿地公园显得尤为重要。以九龙山红树林国家湿地公园为例,采用行为观测法和问卷调查法对游憩者的结构特点、行为特征、游憩偏好和设施要求等多个方面进行了调查与分析。结果表明:男性学生是公园的主要游憩者,多数利用节假日与朋友结伴而来;公园的吸引半径为100 km以内,主要的交通方式是摩托车及私家车;游人最喜欢的游憩活动是欣赏自然风光以及徒步健身;期望增设垂钓、野营、空中观鸟等游憩项目。建议开发有教育价值或有经济收入的游憩项目,根据游客的需求,丰富设施以及完善现有游憩设施,加大管理、保护与宣传力度。 相似文献
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在观鸟旅游的迅速发展下,湿地观鸟园建设已成为湿地景观的一个重要组成部分。结合丹东市鸭绿江口湿地观鸟园实际情况,对设计原则和园区规划等方面进行了系统分析,采用综合比较的方法总结湿地观鸟园的设计思路,并对湿地观鸟园中存在的若干问题提出了一些建议,希望能够为我国湿地观鸟园的建设提供理论依据。 相似文献
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湿地生态旅游区以其生态多样性、景观多样性和物种多样性,成为许多珍稀濒危鸟类的主要栖息地和繁殖地。随着旅游开发的深入,鸟类栖息地保护及观鸟旅游已成为湿地旅游开发的两个重要方面。为确保湿地生态旅游区的可持续发展,选取盐城丹顶鹤湿地生态旅游区为研究对象,根据鸟类的栖息要求,营建相应的栖息生境,并对观鸟旅游方式做了初浅的探讨,以期对以鸟类栖息地保护为主的湿地规划提供借鉴。 相似文献
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The Coorong in South Australia is an internationally recognised ecologically significant coastal lagoon that extends 140 km
south-east from the mouth of the River Murray. The Coorong has increasingly been impacted by a variety of human activities.
Declining migratory bird abundance has been linked to the loss of Ruppia tuberosa, an aquatic plant that is the main feedstock for a wide variety of water birds. Analysis of Ruppia remains from a radiometrically dated core in the southern lagoon of The Coorong shows that the salt-tolerant annual Ruppia tuberosa has only been present at this site in recent times. By contrast, the perennial Ruppia megacarpa, which has limited tolerance to elevated salinity, appears to have been present at the site for several millennia, although
it had never been observed in ecological surveys of this part of The Coorong. Diatom analysis from the same core reveals a
shift from estuarine/marine assemblages to an assemblage reflective of elevated salinity levels. Charophyte, ostracod and
foraminifera remains also indicate that the change in the aquatic plant community is associated with increased salinity at
the study site since European settlement. Elevated salinity is the result of catchment modifications which have reduced freshwater
inflows at the northern and southern extremities of The Coorong, and marine input via the Murray Mouth. This study demonstrates
the utility of multiproxy palaeoecological data in addressing complex management questions. In the absence of such information,
managers must ultimately rely on data sourced only from the historical record which, more often than not, is already skewed
by the impact of European settlement. 相似文献
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岷江上游雨季南北坡小气候特征比较 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:9
利用岷江上游茂县大沟不同坡向的小气候观测资料,探讨了该地区地雨季的太阳辐射、气温、地表温、水汽压、相对湿度、风速等小气候要素的南北坡特征及其与谷底的差异。通过比较分析得出:在雨季南坡的太阳辐射量大于北坡和谷底;南北坡气温、水汽压、相对湿度在昼间有一定差异;北坡气温略高于南坡;气温垂直递减率南坡(O.71℃/100m)大于北坡(O.61℃/100m)。水汽压为北坡<南坡<谷底;而相对湿度为谷底<北坡<南坡,北坡和谷底的太阳辐射、气温、地表温、水汽压最大值比南坡早出现1h。南北坡风速均大于谷底,而南坡风速又大于北坡。由此可见,岷江上游地区即使在雨季,山地对局地气候仍有一定影响。 相似文献