青藏铁路管理信息系统的规划与创建

依据全路信息化规划的要求，针对青藏铁路沿线高寒、缺氧、多年冻土区广布的环境及地理特点，青藏线应建设为青藏铁路安全、高效运营及生产服务的信息化系统，其系统体系结构由业务管理信息系统、过程控制与安全保障系统、铁路企业运输收入清算系统、办公信息系统、电子商务系统等五大系统构成；网络结构按青藏公司信息中心、拉萨及格尔木信息处理中心、中心站(含所辖中间站及会让站)综合管理信息系统三级网络结构构成，并向上接入铁道部信息中心，横向与Internet及有关In—tranet互连。     

西安市地下水远程监测网络系统的应用

由西安市水务局和西安市阎良区嘉华电子有限公司共同研制的地下水远程监测网路系统,是对地下水水位、水温进行自动观测、并对采集数据进行分析的自动化信息系统.该系统由中心监测站和现场观测子站组成,分为两级联网.由现场数据采集与存储、远程数据传输、数据分析与数据库管理三个环节构成.该系统可准确测量观测井的地下水位及水温,其优点是,可以通过市政电话网实现远程监测、存储数据、自动绘图和制表,大幅度降低工作量.     

我国水文水资源信息化系统发展现状探讨

在水文水资源领域,信息技术也逐渐引入水文水资源管理中,大大降低了水利工作者的日常管理工作量,使水文水资源的监测管理工作质量得到极大提升。水文信息系统实现现代化发展非常有必要。通过对我国水文水资源信息化发展历程进行研究可以看出我国目前水文水资源管理系统的建立主要依靠数学模型、仿真模拟与计算机网络共同完成,水文水资源信息化系统具有数据自动化采集、传输、存储、处理以及仿真模拟等先进的功能,大大减轻了人工工作量,水文信息能更加准确及时。未来要对水文水资源信息化系统的计算机网络系统、水质与旱情监测自动化功能和洪水的预报决策支持技术功能等关键构成进行研究,让水文预报越来越准确,在抗洪救灾和保护人民群众安全财产方面发挥重大作用。     

地质灾害信息系统的设计与实现

地质灾害信息系统是基于GIS技术的实现地质灾害数据管理信息化的专题型应用信息系统,重点在于解决地质灾害数据信息处理技术和灾害区划空间分析模型两方面的问题.本文在分析地质灾害数据特点的基础上,给出描述地质灾害的数据范畴,从地质灾害数据库系统建设、地质灾害数据信息标准化、地质灾害区划分析评价模型几方面阐述了地质灾害信息系统的设计思想.利用MAPGIS二次开发平台,在VC++5.0MFC方式下进行了该系统的软件开发,对软件系统的信息流程结构、数据结构及基本功能进行了介绍.     

杭州市城市三维地质信息管理与服务系统的构建

分析了城市地质信息化的必要性、发展历史及现状。提出了城市地质信息系统的总体结构,系统划分为数据层、应用层和服务层3个层次。在功能上则由信息数据录入与管理子系统、地质数据分析评价子系统、数据共享与社会化服务子系统构成。然后分数据库和业务应用系统两个部分阐述了系统的开发方案,并说明了三维地质结构建模、多元数据一体化显示和专业分析评价这3个关键技术的解决方案。最后给出了所述思想在杭州城市地质信息管理与服务系统开发中的应用情况。     

港口抽黄灌区梯级泵站联合调度信息系统应用研究

以陕西省内的港口灌区为例,进行各级泵站之间乃至整个站群的联调联控,研究在大型灌区、中型灌区及需要长距离输水时候的水量调度问题。通过对港口抽黄灌区信息化建设现状及梯级泵站联合调度信息系统进行分析发现,该系统的实施将加强灌区管理处、调度管理分中心与各泵站之间信息的互通,加强管理调度中心对各泵站的直接管理,特别是对泵站合理化调度提供有力的数据支撑,产生的巨大的技术、经济和环境效益。     

浅议河南省水文计划管理信息化建设

凭借水文系统网络平台,对水文计划信息系统进行建设,并将系统广泛运用于水文基本建设的 各个阶段。针对信息化建设中尚存在的问题,提出“加强信息体系建设、增强信息服务功能”的方向目 标,深入推进水文计划信息化进程。     

基于数据中心的国土资源信息系统基础平台的构建及技术问题

国土资源信息化建设是我国今后几年的工作重点.国土资源信息化的基础是国土信息的集成.在国土信息集成的工作中, 主要存在3个方面的问题: (1) 不同GIS间的数据无法共享; (2) 不同种类的国土数据无法集成; (3) 不同行政级别单位间数据无法共享.不同GIS的数据共享可以通过在GIS的ODBC层和数据库之间加一层GIS格式转换层来解决; 将不同种类的国土数据划分成不同的图层, 以空间控制点方式对这些图层进行叠合, 以使它们在空间关系上成为一个比较一致的统一系统; 借鉴数据仓库的管理模式, 不同的行政单位对应于不同的比例尺的数据, 高级别单位数据的综合度高, 存放的数据少, 低级别单位数据的细节性强, 存放的数据多, 整体上呈现出金字塔结构, 金字塔中不同层次的数据通过空间控制点进行传送.国土信息集成的目的是构筑一个国土信息系统的基础平台.国土资源信息系统基础平台是一个基于数据中心的、能统一管理信息的、支持现有流行GIS访问的、能与上下级数据中心无缝互连的国土资源基础设施系统.它处于整个国土信息系统的底层, 目的是向上层的信息系统提供一个能满足各种格式的数据需求的、而与具体的信息系统无关的独立的数据平台.      

青藏铁路沿线的大风特征及风压研究

选取青藏高原及周边66个气象站资料, 分析了青藏高原及青藏铁路沿线1971-2000年大风日数的空间分布特征及建站以来大风和风向特征, 计算了百年一遇的最大风速和风压. 分析发现: 青藏高原大风日数主要集中在青藏铁路沿线地区, 年际和年代际变化明显; 铁路沿线极端最大风速和历年平均最大风速都出现在铁路中部的托托河, 风向多为偏西风; 铁路沿线50 a、 100 a一遇的10 min平均最大风速和风压都出现在安多地区. 以新疆达扳城为参考站, 推算出青藏铁路沿线各站的列车停驶临界风速. 为确保列车运营安全, 建议在昆仑山口至错那湖间的高山地段风口和列车转弯处建造防风设施.     

青藏铁路沿线冻土带地温监测系统建成

日前,青藏铁路沿线冻土带地温监测系统建设项目基本完工。 该项目是国家气象局为了加强对青藏铁路沿线冻土带温度变化的监测,以进一步提高青藏铁路沿线运输保障的气象服务能力和水平,从而预报、预警青藏铁路冻土带地温变化对铁路路基的影响,并及时将有关信息提供给青藏铁路有关单位和交通部。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.