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1303年9月27日的山西洪洞8级地震发生于山西断陷盆地带中的临汾盆地,这是我国自有地震历史记载以来的第一次8级地震,也是一个在活动陆内盆地中发生的大地震. 2003年9月17~18日在山西太原市召开了1303年山西洪洞8级地震700周年暨陆内盆地与强震活动研讨会. 会上交流的论文讨论了我国不同地区发育的不同性质的陆内活动盆地,包括拉张构造区的地堑、半地堑张性盆地,挤压构造区的压陷盆地和前陆盆地及走滑构造带内的拉分盆地与强震活动的关系. 本文对这些问题作了简要的总结,本期刊登的论文是由部分会议论文组成的专辑. 相似文献
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新生代地堑构造是华北地区最普遍和最有特征的构造。它与强震活动有着十分密切的关系。根据活动构造参数估计地质地震活动性,能克服历史地震记载时间短的局限性。 文中首先计算了三条地堑带的扩展速率,并据此计算了该地堑带上的强震重复间隔。结合强震活动周期和迁移特点,对每个地堑带的强震危险性作出了判断。 相似文献
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山西大同-阳高地震活动背景 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
通过对大同盆地历史地震活动及大同盆地历史地震活动与华北地震区、山西地震带强震活动的关系的研究,得出山西大同-阳高1989年6.1级地震活动是这一地区历史地震的延续,是华北北部中强地震活动的重要组成部分,具有广义前震的重要意义,其后对应发生的河北张北6.2级地震。标志着华北地震区的地震活动期已进入尾声。 相似文献
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通过研究西部构造运动及强震的相关性分析,结果表明:地震构造对西部的强震活动显示出很强的控制力;大华北强震与西部强震具有同步活动特点,但滞后于西部强震活动,山西地震带在整个华北地震带中起着重要的作用;西部强震第三活跃时段已经开始,对全国和山西地震形势将产生深远的影响。 相似文献
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山西地震带是我国大陆地区的一条强震活动带,广大地震工作者对山西地震带做了大量的工作,本文简述了山西地震带的地震历史资料及先辈们的工作成果,并对近20年来山西地震研究中所取得的成就做了回顾. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯块体东界,是山西境内一系列盆地组成的地堑系,是我国著名的地震带之一。根据历史资料,从公元前231年到现在划成七个地震活跃期,强震由北而南迁移,多分布于盆地中部,极震区走向分成两组,相间分布,震源深度均在10-20公里。最后分析了本活跃期来地震活动的几个特点。 相似文献
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本文对山西地区地壳形变的历史和现状做了回顾,并从大范围地震活动时空规律出发,收集了现有强震活动的记录及相应的研究成果,对前4个地震活动高潮期中地震的时空分布规律和空间迁移特征进行了论述,并对第5高潮期强震分布的区域提出了新的看法。同时,结合现有的地壳形变资料,讨论了山西地区的地震形势,认为山西临汾地区,仍有7级左右的发震背景,但近期尚无明显的中短期形变、应变前兆存在,故认为近期发生强震的可能性不大 相似文献
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2014年11月22日在NW向鲜水河断裂带中南段四川康定县发生M6.3级地震,11月25日在该地震震中东南约10 km处再次发生M5.8级地震. 基于中国国家数字地震台网和四川区域数字地震台网资料,采用多阶段定位方法对本次康定M6.3级地震序列进行了重新定位; 利用gCAP(generalized Cut And Paste) 矩张量反演方法获得了M6.3和M5.8级地震的震源机制解与矩心深度,分析了本次地震序列的发震构造,并结合历史强震破裂时空分布和2001年以来小震重新定位结果,对鲜水河断裂带中段强震危险性进行了初步探讨. 获得的主要结果如下:(1) M6.3级主震震中位于101.69°E、30.27°N,震源初始破裂深度约10 km,矩心深度9 km; M5.8级地震震中位于101.73°E、30.18°N,初始破裂深度约11 km,矩心深度9 km. gCAP矩张量反演结果揭示这两次地震双力偶分量占主导,M6.3级地震的最佳双力偶解节面Ⅰ走向143°/倾角82°/滑动角-9°,节面Ⅱ走向234°/倾角81°/滑动角-172°. M5.8级地震最佳双力偶解节面Ⅰ走向151°/倾角83°/滑动角-6°,节面Ⅱ走向242°/倾角84°/滑动角-173°. 依据余震分布长轴展布与断裂走向,判定节面Ⅰ为发震断层面,M6.3和M5.8级地震均为带有微小正断分量的左旋走滑型地震. (2) 序列中重新定位的459个地震平均震源深度约9 km,地震主要集中分布在6~11 km深度区间,余震基本发生在M6.3和M5.8级地震震源上部. 依据余震密集区展布范围,推测本次康定地震的震源体尺度长约30 km、宽约4 km、深度范围约6 km. M6.3级主震震源附近的余震稀疏区可能是一个较大的凹凸体(asperity),在主震中能量得以充分释放. (3) 最初3天的余震主要分布在M6.3级地震NW侧;而M5.8级地震之后的余震主要集中在其震中附近. M6.3级地震以及最初3天的绝大部分余震发生在倾角约82°近直立的NW走向色拉哈断裂上;M5.8级地震与其后的多数余震发生在倾角约83°近直立的NW走向折多塘断裂北端走向向北偏转部位, M5.8级地震可能是M6.3级地震触发相邻的折多塘断裂活动所致. (4) 康定M6.3与M5.8级地震发生在鲜水河断裂带乾宁与康定之间的色拉哈强震破裂空段,本次地震破裂尺度较小,尚不足以填补该强震空段. 色拉哈段以及相邻的乾宁段7级地震平静时间均已超过其平均复发周期估值,未来几年存在发生7级地震的危险. 康定M6.3级地震序列基本填补了震前存在于塔公与康定之间的深部小震空区,未来强震发生在塔公至松林口段深部小震稀疏区内的可能性很大. 相似文献
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以东经108°线为界,把中国大陆分为东、西两部,东部取震级M≥6的地震、西部取M≥7的地震为强地震.利用有史以来全部地震资料,针对不同情况和不同时期,系统地研究了相继两次强地震之间的时间间隔,目的在于讨论一次强地震发生之后,下一次强地震何时发生.在所有情况下地震间隔数目都随时间间隔值的增大呈明显的趋势性减小.给出了8种情况下的间隔数目统计和相应的模拟函数,以及间隔值的经验概率和相应的函数模拟概率.由此可估计时间间隔为某个值的概率,也可估计时间间隔处于某个区间的概率.反之,对于给定的概率,可估计时间间隔的值或它所处的区间. 相似文献
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亚洲大地震的时间有序性与沙罗周期 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
根据作者在1997年提出的“信息有序系列”的概念和方法,研究了一些亚洲大地震的时间有序性,本文列举1934-1970年期间亚洲M≥8级大地震,中国历史M≥8级大地震,兴都库什地区中深震(Ms≥7),结果表明,这些地震的一些时间有序性与反映日食序列变化的沙罗周期关系较密切。亚洲6个8级大地震时间间隔的数值在2130-2210d的范围内,这是地震时间有序性的一个好例子。这表明,时间有序性具有周期性不能描述的特性,它和新兴的复杂性科学有密切联系。 相似文献
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What controls the lateral variation of large earthquake occurrence along the Japan Trench? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abstract The lateral (along trench axis) variation in the mode of large earthquake occurrence near the northern Japan Trench is explained by the variation in surface roughness of the subducting plate. The surface roughness of the ocean bottom near the trench is well correlated with the large-earthquake occurrence. The region where the ocean bottom is smooth is correlated with'typical'large underthrust earthquakes (e.g. the 1968 Tokachioki event) in the deeper part of the seismogenic plate interface, and there are no earthquakes in the shallow part (aseismic zone). The region where the ocean bottom is rough (well-developed horst and graben structure) is correlated with large normal faulting earthquakes (e.g. the 1933 Sanriku event) in the outer-rise region, and large tsunami earthquakes (e.g. the 1896 Sanriku event) in the shallow region of the plate interface zone. In the smooth surface region, the coherent metamorphosed sediments form a homogeneous, large and strong contact zone between the plates. The rupture of this large strong contact causes great under-thrust earthquakes. In the rough surface region, large outer-rise earthquakes enhance the well-developed horst and grabens. As these structure are subducted with sediments in the graben part, the horsts create enough contact with the overriding block to cause an earthquake in the shallow part of the interface zone, and this earthquake is likely to be a tsunami earthquake. When the horst and graben structure is further subducted, many small strong contacts between the plates are formed, and they can cause only small underthrust earthquakes. 相似文献
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定量研究华北7级以上大地震的震中空间有序性。震中图象可用简单几何形式,如等腰三角形、等边三角形、平行四边形来描述。对于等腰三角形的两边相等的边长进行统计,边长在240~650km范围内。大地震之间的等距使我们重新考虑大地震与地表地质构造的关系。因而提出大地震形成与地壳深处的构造关系较为密切,而地表断裂仅是其间接效应和反映 相似文献
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LI Xi RAN Yong-kang CHEN Li-chun WANG Hu YU Jiang ZHANG Yan-qi XIE Ying-qing 《地震地质》2016,38(3):596-604
Nine earthquakes with M≥6 have stricken the northern segment of the Red River fault zone since the historical records, including the 1652 Midu M7 earthquake and the 1925 Dali M7 earthquake. However, there have been no earthquake records of M≥6 on the middle and southern segments of the Red River Fault, since 886 AD. Is the Red River fault zone, as a boundary fault, a fault zone where there will be not big earthquake in the future or a seismogenic structure for large earthquake with long recurrence intervals?This problem puzzles the geologists for a long time. Through indoor careful interpretation of high resolution remote sensing images, and in combination with detailed field geological and geomorphic survey, we found a series of fault troughs along the section of Gasha-Yaojie on the southern segment of the Red River fault zone, the length of the Gasha-Yaojie section is over ten kilometers. At the same time, paleoseismic information and radiocarbon dating result analysis on the multiple trenches show that there exists geological evidence of seismic activity during the Holocene in the southern segment of the Red River fault zone. 相似文献
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2014年新疆于田7.3级地震发震构造和震前地震活动过程讨论 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
2014年2月12日在新疆于田发生7.3级地震,震中位于阿尔金断裂西段,这是继2008年3月21日于田7.3级地震后在塔里木盆地南侧发生的第2次7级地震。这次于田7.3级地震的余震主体沿NE向分布,余震区的西南段呈近SN向分布;绝大部分余震与前震在余震区西南密集分布,强余震(全部的5级以上地震和81%的4级地震)绝大多数都分布在这个区域,第1天的余震主要在这个区域呈近SN向分布,余震由西向东扩展。在这次于田地震的近SN方向上曾在1982、2011以及2012年先后发生过几次6级左右的地震,而这次地震填补了其中的空段。文中从区域构造环境、地震震源机制解和余震分布特征等方面,分析这次地震的发震过程,认为地震发生在硝尔库勒盆地南缘的分支断裂,受阿尔金断裂带构造应力影响,硝尔库勒盆地受到局部近EW向的拉张作用力,首先沿近SN向破裂,这个构造部位的解锁,促进阿尔金断裂左旋错动,产生NE向破裂,应力向东传递;文中还对有历史记录以来,阿尔金断裂上7级地震的发震构造及其对阿尔金断裂带的影响进行了讨论。 相似文献
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A STUDY REVIEW ON CHARACTERISTICS OF SEISMIC ACTIVITY OF ACTIVE-TECTONIC BLOCK BOUNDARIES IN MAINLAND CHINA
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More than 80 percent of strong earthquakes(M≥7.0)occur in active-tectonic block boundaries in mainland China, and 95 percent of strong earthquake disasters also occur in these boundaries. In recent years, all strong earthquakes(M≥7.0)happened in active-tectonic block boundaries. For instance, 8 strong earthquakes(M≥7.0)occurred on the eastern, western, southern and northern boundaries of the Bayan Har block since 1997. In order to carry out the earthquake prediction research better, especially for the long-term earthquake prediction, the active-tectonic block boundaries have gradually become the key research objects of seismo-geology, geophysics, geodesy and other disciplines. This paper reviews the research results related to seismic activities in mainland China, as well as the main existing recognitions and problems as follows: 1)Most studies on seismic activities in active-tectonic block boundaries still remain at the statistical analysis level at present. However, the analysis of their working foundations or actual working conditions can help investigate deeply the seismic activities in the active-tectonic block boundaries; 2)Seismic strain release rates are determined by tectonic movement rates in active-tectonic block boundaries. Analysis of relations between seismic strain release rates and tectonic movement rates in mainland China shows that the tectonic movement rates in active-tectonic block boundaries of the eastern region are relatively slow, and the seismic strain release rates are with the smaller values too; the tectonic movement rates in active-tectonic block boundaries of the western region reveal higher values, and their seismic strain rates are larger than that of the eastern region. Earthquake recurrence periods of all 26 active-tectonic block boundaries are presented, and the reciprocals of recurrence periods represent high and low frequency of seismic activities. The research results point out that the tectonic movement rates and the reciprocals of recurrence periods for most faults in active-tectonic block boundaries exhibit linear relations. But due to the complexities of fault systems in active tectonic block boundaries, several faults obviously deviate from the linear relationship, and the relations between average earthquake recurrence periods and tectonic movement rates show larger uncertainties. The major reason is attributed to the differences existing in the results of the current earthquake recurrence studies. Furthermore, faults in active-tectonic boundaries exhibit complexities in many aspects, including different movement rates among various segments of the same fault and a certain active-tectonic block boundary contains some parallel faults with the same earthquake magnitude level. Consequently, complexities of these fault systems need to be further explored; 3)seismic activity processes in active-tectonic block boundaries present obvious regional characteristics. Active-tectonic block boundaries of the eastern mainland China except the western edge of Ordos block possess clustering features which indicate that due to the relatively low rate of crustal deformation in these areas, a long-time span is needed for fault stress-strain accumulation to show earthquake cluster activities. In addition, active-tectonic block boundaries in specific areas with low fault stress-strain accumulation rates also show seismic clustering properties, such as the clustering characteristics of strong seismic activities in Longmenshan fault zone, where a series of strong earthquakes have occurred successively, including the 2008 M8.0 Wenchuan, the 2013 M7.0 Lushan and the 2017 M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquakes. The north central regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, regarded as the second-grade active-tectonic block boundaries, are the concentration areas of large-scale strike-slip faults in mainland China, and most of seismicity sequences show quasi-period features. Besides, most regions around the first-grade active-tectonic block boundary of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau display Poisson seismic processes. On one hand, it is still necessary to investigate the physical mechanisms and dynamics of regional structures, on the other hand, most of the active-tectonic block boundaries can be considered as fault systems. However, seismic activities involved in fault systems have the characteristic of in situ recurrence of strong earthquakes in main fault segments, the possibilities of cascading rupturing for adjacent fault segments, and space-time evolution characteristics of strong earthquakes in fault systems. 4)The dynamic environment of strong earthquakes in mainland China is characterized by “layering vertically and blocking horizontally”. With the progresses in the studies of geophysics, geochemistry, geodesy, seismology and geology, the physical models of different time/space scales have guiding significance for the interpretations of preparation and occurrence of continental strong earthquakes under the active-tectonic block frame. However, since the movement and deformation of the active-tectonic blocks contain not only the rigid motion and the horizontal differences of physical properties of crust-mantle medium are universal, there is still need for improving the understanding of the dynamic processes of continental strong earthquakes. So it is necessary to conduct in-depth studies on the physical mechanism of strong earthquake preparation process under the framework of active-tectonic block theory and establish various foundation models which are similar to seismic source physical models in California of the United States, and then provide technological scientific support for earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation. Through all kinds of studies of the physical mechanisms for space-time evolution of continental strong earthquakes, it can not only promote the transition of the study of seismic activities from statistics to physics, but also persistently push the development of active-tectonic block theory. 相似文献