承压完整井非稳定流抽水试验的观测时间要求

文章针对无界承压含水层中完整井的非稳定流抽水试验,将Theis公式描述的水位降深与时间的变化关系作为观测井外水位变化的理论真值,考虑观测井内外达到水力平衡所引起的滞后时间因素,推导了观测井内水位变化的理论测量值,分析了测量值与真值之间的相对误差以及测量值接近真值所需要的观测时间。     

稳定流抽水试验资料的非稳定流处理方法

本文从非稳定流理论出发,将稳定流抽水试验概化为包含零流量抽水时段的阶梯式非稳定流抽水试验,分析出井损仅存在于非零流量抽水的时段,据此确定了求参计算拟合的主要目标和井损的计算方法,进而编制了适合于直线边界,边界性质为定水头、隔水、边界不存在或边界无影响三种常见情况的计算程序。并结合实例,反演了水文地质条件,较为准确地计算了水文地质参数、井损及井损与抽水量的关系。     

侧向有限越流承压含水层中非完整井非稳定流模型及解析解

工程建设中当距离抽水井r=rb处水位基本没有变化或不受抽水影响时,或当此处存在止水帷幕时,含水层系统视为侧向有限延伸,rb为有限半径。为此,构建更加符合工程实际的侧向有限延伸的典型弱透水层-承压水层系统中非完整井非稳定流计算模型,同时考虑井径和井储效应的影响,应用Laplace变换和分离变量法得到了水位降深在拉氏空间下的解析解,并应用拉氏数值逆变换Stehfest法得到真实空间下的水位降深。新建立的解析解可以进一步退化为诸多已有解,并进一步将其与已知解和有限元数值解进行对比,验证了所得解的正确性和可靠性。基于新建解重点分析了侧向边界和井的完整性对承压水层水位降深的影响。结果表明:含水层系统的侧向有限边界仅对抽水后期的水位降深影响明显,含水层系统侧向无限延伸情况下的水位降深要大于情形1(在r=rb处为定水头边界)且明显小于情形2(在r=rb处为不透水边界)下的水位降深,rb越小,两者之间的误差越大;抽水井的完整性对整个抽水期间不同情形下的水位降深均有明显的影响,承压含水层顶板处的水位降深随着抽水井滤管的长度和埋深的增加而减小。     

间断性非稳定流抽水试验求参问题的研究

在抽水试验过程中,常因突然停电,设备故障等而导致试验间断,此类问题普遍存在,其求参尚无适当的方法和公式可循。本文充分考虑到实际抽水过程与抽水间断的影响,根据势函迭加原理对泰斯型含水层的单孔、多孔、群孔间断性抽水试验的求参问题均进行了研究,推导出相应的一系列公式与求参方法,此类公式具有普遍性理论意义和实用价值,可视为相应的无间断抽水求参公式的拓广形式。     

稳定流抽水试验渗透系数的对比分析

渗透系数是工程降水设计重要的水文地质参数之一,由于水文地质本身的复杂性和计算的多样性,致使渗透系数计算值往往存在着较大的差异。以西安地铁某车站地下车站段抽水试验为例,采用完整井稳定流数学计算模型,运用了单井法、观测井法、考虑井损的单井法、水位恢复法4种方法综合确定黄土的渗透系数。     

利用非稳定流抽水试验资料确定含水层参数的两种有效方法

本文提出了利用抽水试验资料计算参数的两种更为有效且实用的方法；改进解析法和高斯－－牛顿迭代算法，利用此法可快速，准确算出含水层导水系数、弹性释水系数、压力传导系数和渗透系数。     

山东试行非稳定流抽水试验方法的几点认识

稳定流抽水试验方法执行多年,至今仍为水文地质工作中一种行之有效的方法。但是随着地下水的疏排和开采强度的不断增大,单一的稳定流试验已表现出较多的不适应性。随着非稳定流抽水试验方法的完善和推广,显示了一些稳定流抽水所不具备的优点。笔者认为如何把二者结合起来,进一步应用好非稳流抽水试验方法是当前一个重要问题。下面根据山东一些煤田搞非稳定流抽水试验的体会,作一些讨论,希望能有益于今后的工作。     

基于单孔稳定流抽水试验观测值的非稳定流求参方法

在分析单孔稳定流抽水试验求参方法优缺点的基础上,介绍了一种基于多段降深单孔抽水试验观测值的非稳定流求参方法.在刘庄西区风井的应用实例表明,该方法不仅求参精度较高,而且还可利用稳定流抽水试验的观测值定性地评价含水层的储量性质,因此比常用的非稳定流求参法具有更多的优点.     

稳定流抽水三点顺序和曲线利用

以往的规范和一些教科书中,规定基岩稳定流三点降深抽水应自下而上进行,即先最大降深的反向抽水。其理由日:裂隙含水层内有充填物的堵塞,先最大降深抽水可抽通含水层,从而确保抽水资料的正确性。这一想法无可非议,然而,反向抽水不适用于含水层水力特性的普遍规律,只适用于特定条件。     

非稳定流抽水试验求参的一维搜索法

本文根据最小二乘法原理，将非稳定流抽水试验确定水文地质参数的问题转化为单变量求极值问题，对导压系数进行一维搜索，从而定出量最佳的参数值，实例计算表明，利用该方法求水文地质参数具有概念清晰，精度较高，计算可程序化等优点。     

无观测孔双井干扰抽水求取承压含水层导水系数方法探讨

煤矿疏降水工程需要以含水层组参数为基础进行合理布设。结合某矿区内的非稳定流双孔干扰抽水试验,在无观测孔情况下,根据抽水井资料分别利用通用直线法、水位恢复法、解析法及优化拟合四种方法确定承压含水层的导水系数,并利用后期疏降水孔资料对上述方法进行验证,结果表明通用直线法和水位恢复法计算结果可靠。     

Non-Darcian flow toward a larger-diameter partially penetrating well in a confined aquifer

In this study, non-Darcian flow to a larger-diameter partially penetrating well in a confined aquifer was investigated. The flow in the horizontal direction was assumed to be non-Darcian and described by the Izbash equation, and the flow in the vertical direction was assumed to be Darcian. A linearization procedure was used to approximate the nonlinear governing equation. The Laplace transform associated with the finite cosine Fourier transform was used to solve such non-Darcian flow model. Both the drawdowns inside the well and in the aquifer were analyzed under different conditions. The results indicated that the drawdowns inside the well were generally the same at early times under different conditions, and the features of the drawdowns inside the well at late times were similar to those of the drawdowns in the aquifer. The drawdown in the aquifer for the non-Darcian flow case was larger at early times and smaller at late times than their counterparts of Darcian flow case. The drawdowns for a partially penetrating well were the same as those of a fully penetrating well at early times, and were larger than those for a fully penetrating well at late times. A longer well screen resulted in a smaller drawdown in the aquifer at late times. A larger power index n in the Izbash equation resulted in a larger drawdown in the aquifer at early times and led to a smaller drawdown in the aquifer at late times. A larger well radius led to a smaller drawdown at early times, but it had little impact on the drawdown at late times. The wellbore storage effect disappears earlier when n is larger.     

Non-Darcian flow to a partially penetrating well in a confined aquifer with a finite-thickness skin

Non-Darcian flow to a partially penetrating well in a confined aquifer with a finite-thickness skin was investigated. The Izbash equation is used to describe the non-Darcian flow in the horizontal direction, and the vertical flow is described as Darcian. The solution for the newly developed non-Darcian flow model can be obtained by applying the linearization procedure in conjunction with the Laplace transform and the finite Fourier cosine transform. The flow model combines the effects of the non-Darcian flow, partial penetration of the well, and the finite thickness of the well skin. The results show that the depression cone spread is larger for the Darcian flow than for the non-Darcian flow. The drawdowns within the skin zone for a fully penetrating well are smaller than those for the partially penetrating well. The skin type and skin thickness have great impact on the drawdown in the skin zone, while they have little influence on drawdown in the formation zone. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the drawdown in the formation zone is sensitive to the power index (n), the length of well screen (w), the apparent radial hydraulic conductivity of the formation zone (K _r2), and the specific storage of the formation zone (S _s2) at early times, and it is very sensitive to the parameters n, w and K _r2 at late times, especially to n, while it is not sensitive to the skin thickness (r _s).     

抽水试验确定承压含水层参数方法探讨

地下水资源评价与地下水可开采量计算,需要对地下含水层组参数进行分析确定。本文结合鲁北地区两个地下水水源地采用抽水试验确定承压含水层水文地质参数的实践,探讨定流量(单孔或多孔)抽水试验确定含水层参数的可行性,并对定降深抽水试验确定水文地质参数方法进行了探索。     

承压含水层非完整反滤回灌井的稳定流计算

反滤回灌井是地下水库中一种有效的回灌设施,它由回灌井和井口反滤层组成。非完整反滤回灌井井流运动由砂反滤层的竖向流和非完整回灌井井流组合而成。文中提出了承压含水层非完整反滤回灌井稳定流的计算方法,分析了反滤层、井损和回灌堵塞等因素对回灌量的影响,并结合实例证明了反滤回灌井回灌量大大低于普通回灌井的回灌量。     

Numerical modeling of Forchheimer flow to a pumping well in a confined aquifer using the strong-form mesh-free method

A numerical analysis of non-Darcian flow to a pumping well in a confined aquifer using the strong-form mesh-free (MFREE) method is described. This technique is targeted at problems that use advanced numerical approaches for modeling non-Darcian flow and it supports the assumption that the non-Darcian flow follows the Forchheimer equation. Interpolation functions including the multi-quadrics (MQ) basis function (containing shape factors q and α) and the Gaussian (EXP) basis function (with shape factor ω) were found to be important defining parameters which had significant influence on the numerical results. A series of numerical experiments revealed that when q?=?2 and α?=?0.1, the mesh-free method yielded good results and the range of 10^?6?–?10^?3 might be a good choice for the shape factor ω in the EXP basis function. A comparison between the strong-form MFREE method and the finite difference method was done; the results showed that the strong-form MFREE method was very effective for solving non-Darcian flow near a pumping well in a confined aquifer, and was favorable over the finite-difference method, which could undergo oscillation and converging problems at early times.     

Analysis of radial movement of a confined aquifer due to well pumping and injection

Three aspects of radial motion of an aquifer solid matrix, driven by hydraulic forces due to well recharge and discharge, have been investigated mathematically. Firstly, the analytic solutions in the velocity and displacement fields were found using the definition of bulk mass flow, conservation of water and solid mass, the Darcy-Gersevanov law, and the drawdown of hydraulic head for unsteady flow. Secondly, the radial velocity and displacement of aquifer solid matrix were investigated with respect to time and location in response to three pumping-injection schemes (i.e., linear, nonlinear, and sinusoidal well flow rates). Aquifer movement was found to be more responsive to linear and nonlinear pumping rates than to constant pumpage. Aquifer movement in response to periodic well discharge and recharge was governed by an integral sinusoidal function. Finally, the potential risk of earth fissuring at a given location caused by tensile stress, in turn induced by well discharge-recharge activity, has been discussed using the analytic solution. The deformation compression and extension zones derived from analysis of the results indicated the possible occurrence of tensile stress that may cause earth fissures. Sample computations, using assumed parameters, provided a first-hand evaluation of the location of potential fissuring in relation to the well.