中国海汇螺科Potamididae的分类学研究II．拟蟹守螺属、锥蟹守螺属、望远蟹守螺属及笋光螺属

继中国沿海汇螺科Potamididae分类学研究I后,又完成了汇螺科的分类学研究II。本文主要论述了汇螺科中拟蟹守螺属Cerithidea、锥蟹守螺属Cerithideopsis、望远蟹守螺属Telescopium及笋光螺属Terebralia共4属9种,其中1个中国新纪录种为邱氏拟蟹守螺Cerithideaquoyii(Hombron&Jacquinot,1848)。文中对其形态特征、生活习性和地理分布等进行了研究论述,并对以往鉴定有误和使用混乱的种名进行了修订。目前为止,共整理分类出中国沿海汇螺科5属18种。为了解中国汇螺资源情况、生物多样性和生态学研究提供基础资料。     

Legal regulation of the shipbreaking industry in Bangladesh: The international regulatory framework and domestic implementation challenges

Shipbreaking is the process of dismantling an obsolete vessel for scrapping or disposal. This activity was not officially declared an industry in Bangladesh until 2006, even though the country is one of the biggest ship-breakers in the world. This industry has dramatically expanded in Bangladesh, at the cost of environmental degradation and severe labour exploitation. Despite environmental and human rights violations, the shipbreaking industry represents a vital source of income for the country and a livelihood for a significant portion of its population. Shipbreaking activities in Bangladesh present both opportunities and challenges for Bangladesh. This article examines the extent to which the existing regulatory framework for dealing with these issues in Bangladesh is congruent with international instruments. This article also examines relevant international instruments which prescribe the core principles for regulating the ship breaking industry and evaluates the legal regulation of the Bangladesh ship breaking industry against these international instruments. The underlying objective of this evaluation is to demonstrate that Bangladeshi instruments could incorporate the core of the international instruments to minimise the environmental damage caused by this industry. This article concludes that Bangladesh should either amend its laws or enact a new legislative scheme that is based on the core values of the Basel Convention. This change is vital if Bangladesh wants to ensure a long lasting industry that could serve its need for iron ore and engage its abundant labour force, without the cost of destroying its coastal line which is one of its most valuable natural assets.     

A study of hybrid and chaotic long-range propagation in a doublesound channel environment

This paper presents the results of the analysis of long range propagation (~200 km) in a range-dependent environment. The propagation medium is characterized by two deep sound channels. The range dependence enables energy transfer between the channels and leads to a mismatch between real data and ray predictions. To explain this mismatch, an analysis of hybrid ray propagation is presented. This analysis is completed by an interpretation in terms of chaos. This chaos is quantified in the particular case of the Bay of Biscay environment. This paper puts forward that mesoscale perturbations, such as the Mediterranean outflow in the North Atlantic, can affect long-range propagation. However, it shows that the ray theory remains reliable for a propagation range of several hundred kilometers     

The institutional foundations of economic performance of mussel production: The Spanish case of the Galician floating raft culture

This paper analyses the institutional foundations of the mussel production sector in Galicia, which is one of the leading producers in the world. After demonstrating the importance of the sector and presenting the theoretical framework and an historical introduction, the paper formulates an agenda of institutional analysis topics from a positive perspective. This agenda includes the problem of the common pool, the role of the State, the legal norms, the property rights system, the organisation of the sector, the rules and public policies and the status quo. This paper presents a case analysis dealing with the relationships between institutions and economic organisation, and furnishes evidence and relevant knowledge for the elaboration of comparative analysis in the economics of natural resources.     

金属材料在海水中的接触腐蚀研究

介绍了金属（或合金）在海水中电偶序的测定和不同金属（或合金）在各种海水环境中接触时形成的电偶腐蚀，并结合实际生产部门中一些接触腐蚀损害现象，讨论了海水中金属接触腐蚀的原因及影响因素。     

中国海汇螺科Potamididae的分类学研究I.塔蟹守螺属

为了摸清中国沿海汇螺科Potamididae物种数量和分布情况,本文采用国际上最新的分类系统,对中国科学院海洋研究所历年来采集积累的汇螺科标本进行系统性的形态分类学研究,共整理鉴定出汇螺科动物5属18种,将分别进行研究报道.本文主要论述了中国沿海汇螺科、塔蟹守螺属Pirenella共9个种类的形态特征、生活习性和地理分...     

A circular cylinder in water waves

This paper treats the problem in linearized water wave theory that arises when a wave travels across a submerged cylinder. This problem is classical and was first treated by Dean. The solution presented is novel and explicit. This is achieved through the use of certain recursive relations. The basic results are of course the same as in the older literature: (1) the coefficient of reflection is zero; (2) the only effect of the cylinder, is a phase shift relative to the undisturbed wave. However, the practical computation of the velocity potential and the phase shift is reduced almost to hand calculations. This is in contrast to the older literature which requires, in principle, the inversion of an infinite matrix. The work is motivated by the Institue's efforts to focus water waves. Cylinders are possible bodies to create the necessary phase shifts to achieve such focusing.     

A Note on Tsunami Bore Front

A note is presented on tsunami bore front. This tsunami bore front is an old dynamical problem but also a new problem to be understood. The tsunami event on 2004 December 26 has raised this is an urgent problem. The author introduces here a model in order to see a hydrodynamical specific property of the tsunami bore front. This modeling gives us a new understanding about what mechanics is for the interested tsunami bore front, especially, around a coastal zone. This work adds a new understanding about mechanics of water motions as the tsunamis generated by the earthquake undersea at a distant area from the coast. The model in this work points out a specific transitional pattern as a function of time and space of tsunami bore front. This modeling gives what is essential at considering tsunami bore front.     

A Note on Tsunami Bore Front

A note is presented on tsunami bore front. This tsunami bore front is an old dynamical problem but also a new problem to be understood. The tsunami event on 2004 December 26 has raised this is an urgent problem. The author introduces here a model in order to see a hydrodynamical specific property of the tsunami bore front. This modeling gives us a new understanding about what mechanics is for the interested tsunami bore front, especially, around a coastal zone. This work adds a new understanding about mechanics of water motions as the tsunamis generated by the earthquake undersea at a distant area from the coast. The model in this work points out a specific transitional pattern as a function of time and space of tsunami bore front. This modeling gives what is essential at considering tsunami bore front.     

Delaunay三角网增点生长构造法研究

论述了一种由计算机自动生成Delaunay三角网的增点生长构造法。该方法属于不规则三角网的动态构网法，它借鉴了静态构网法中递归生长算法的部分思想，并利用Lawson提出的最大最小(MAX—MIN)角度法则对三角网进行即时的局部优化，从而达到了快速、有效地构建Delaunay三角网的目的。该方法对快速生成海底DEM数据，进行海底仿真具有重要的作用。     

苏北大米草滩中牡蛎的滋生

Ⅰ. 牡蛎在苏北大米草滩中的分布 苏北是我国引种大米草最早的地区,现有草滩27万多亩(1亩=666.6m~2),草带断断续续在拿省946km的海岸线上分布长达377km~1(见图1)。     

利用多进制小波包变换进行遥感影像融合

从二维小波变换理论出发,对其在图像处理方面的应用进行了一些分析,提出了一种基于多进制小波包变换的融合方法,并通过实验数据表明该方法的正确性,而且比传统的二进制小波、多进制小波以及二进制小波包等小波融合方法具有更强的自适应能力。     

Marine reserve establishment and on-going management costs: A case study from New Zealand

While there is considerable international research focused on the conservation outcomes of marine protected areas (MPAs) and marine reserves (MRs) there is little information on the economic cost to establish and manage these protected areas. This study estimated the MR pre-establishment and establishment costs for the Taputeranga Marine Reserve (TMR) in New Zealand (NZ) and determined the annual management costs for this reserve and four further NZ MRs. Finally, the cost to local rock lobster fishers resulting from the displaced fishing effort once the TMR had been established was estimated. This research found that the TMR pre-establishment cost was approximately NZ$508,000, and the establishment process cost was approximately NZ$353,000. The annual management costs across the five reserves ranged between NZ$43,200 and NZ$112,500 between 2008/09 and 2010/11. The annual fishers displacement cost at TMR was approximately NZ$22,000 per annum. This research showed that on a unit area basis, small MRs in NZ are just as expensive to maintain as large MRs. This study also highlighted how volunteer effort helped to considerably reduce the monetary cost of the MR pre-establishment process. This research increases our understanding of establishment and management costs, and supports future planning of MRs both within NZ and internationally.     

典型国际海洋划界案例相似性研究

简要研究了2012年国际法院最新判例——尼加拉瓜诉哥伦比亚领土和海洋划界案,总结了本案中国际法院关于海上争议岛屿主权判定把握的要点,国际法院受理该案件的理由和受理的内容。国际法院用三阶段方法确立尼加拉瓜和哥伦比亚海上边界。提出了维护我国海洋权益必须研究国际最新判例相似性的建议。     

Shifting baselines in scientific publications: A case study using cetacean research

The marine sciences have undergone a sequence of historical changes related to new methodologies, approaches and challenges. Most recently, deteriorating natural ecosystems and threatened component species have prompted a renewed change in the focus of scientific research on the marine environment. This study analyzes the scientific literature on cetaceans during the period 2005–2008 to demonstrate that a key focus of modern research is on conservation-related topics, and then compares it to the period 1970–1973 to demonstrate that this new focus represents a shift from basic biological and ecological issues. On average, approximately 46% of papers published on whales, dolphins and porpoises in 2005–2008 were categorized as conservation oriented versus focused on biology or ecology. This contrasts to approximately 10% in 1970–1973. This shift parallels other marine research subjects, such as benthic communities, coral reefs and sea turtles and reflects a general paradigm shift in marine research towards anthropogenic impacts. This is important guidance for institutions and organizations that wish to base their agendas and decisions on state-of-the-art scientific priorities.     

Allocation of fishing possibilities,incentives and outcomes: Insights from Basque fishermen's organisations in Spain

There is a need for effective mechanisms to be in place in order to allocate fishing possibilities. This seems crucial so that distributional concerns regarding this issue are properly addressed. This paper aims at providing insights into the allocation of fishing possibilities from Basque fisheries. We put forward this case in terms of its outcomes to the incentives deployed by the allocation system. The institutional substratum plays a key role in the outcomes of the system. In fact, the fishermen's traditional collective approach predominates even though the management system tends towards individual rights allocation and promotion of rights transferability. This is particularly notable in the case of inshore Basque fisheries.     

Neoliberalism and the politics of enclosure in North American small-scale fisheries

This paper reviews the ways in which policies of enclosure, privatization, and deregulation have unfolded in several regions of North America and examines the consequences they have had for small-scale fisheries in practice. This introductory essay provides a brief overview of the history of neoliberal thought, discusses some of the key ways it has influenced fisheries policies in North America and around the world, and presents a thematic overview of the papers included in this special issue.     

An overview of socio-economic and ecological perspectives of Fiji's inshore reef fisheries

This paper reviews the socio-economic and ecological context of Fijian reef fisheries. This review is deemed necessary because improved understanding of the state and trends of Fiji's coral reef fisheries on a national level is required for designing an effective management plan for Fiji's inshore reef fisheries. The most important point that emerges from our review is that despite numerous studies of Fiji's reef fisheries, the current status of reef-associated fisheries at the national level is still uncertain due, mainly, to the lack of dependable data on the subsistence fisheries. This in turn leads to uncertainty about how the continuation of fishing, in particular, fishing focused on target species for the coral reef resources trade, will affect fishing communities and the ecosystem.     

The Role of a Macroalgal Covering Event on the Microphytobenthos Community in Intertidal Sediment (Marano Lagoon, Northern Adriatic Sea)

Abstract. This study examines the variation in microphytobenthos structure and functioning in an intertidal lagoon during a macroalgal covering event. Multivariate techniques, applied on the recorded data, highlighted a clear seasonal pattern except for the July sample. The sudden macroalgae ( Cladophora sp.) development, which occurred in that month, enabled us to identify the massive covering as a disturbance factor on the benthic ecosystem. This biotic anomaly affected benthic microalgal production and community respiration, shifting the ecosystem from a highly photoautotrophic to an heterotrophic condition as shown by the BTS Index. This trophic index is therefore a useful tool for identifying episodic stress events mainly in intertidal habitats.     

The existing law and policy framework for ocean energy development in Ireland

This paper considers the existing law and policy framework for ocean energy development in Ireland. As a nation, Ireland proposes to have 75 MW of ocean energy connected by 2012 and a further 500 MW by 2020. This has been supported by various policy documents and Government initiatives in recent years. Despite the obvious Government support for offshore renewable energy, the existing legal framework presents a veritable barrier to development progress. This paper provides a succinct overview of the existing applicable legal regime focusing on licensing and planning aspects. Specifically it examines the realities of the Foreshore Acts, Electricity Regulation Act, Planning and Development Acts and associated Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations and their role in wave energy development. This sets the context for a review of the problems associated with the existing legal regime, including delay and uncertainty, before presenting possible measures which may help address them. The latter discussion is framed within the context of developing and forthcoming European and national initiatives such as the Integrated Maritime Policy, Maritime Spatial Planning, Integrated Coastal Zone Management and Strategic Environmental Assessment.