花岗岩地区浅部地下水井位的快速确定

文章探讨在花岗岩地区地下水井位的快速定位问题,结合工程实践,采用三极电阻率测深法和天然电场选频法开展综合探测研究。首先实施三极电阻率测深剖面工作,对采集结果进行二维有限元反演研究,获得二维测深断面上低阻导电体的分布规律;在测深剖面上进一步开展天然电场选频法剖面勘探工作,得到低阻含水构造的水平精确位置,并进一步开展选频测深法的实践。后期的成井结果表明:三极电测深勘探成果的剖面异常比较直观,选频法则在异常体的地表水平定位方面比较精确,施工非常方便,两种方法相结合对地下水进行综合勘探是一种行之有效的办法。     

天然电场选频法的浅层地下水勘探效果与异常分析

通过实践应用、理论推导和模拟计算,说明天然电场选频法在浅层地下水勘探中的有效性,并分析其异常形成过程中起主要作用的天然一次场场源分量。将选频法应用于广西农村找水打井项目中,依据其勘探成果共钻井131口,出水量大于1 m3/h的井共114口,约占钻井总量的87%。实践表明选频法在浅层地下水勘探中是实用可行的。在实践应用和以往研究成果的基础上,设计均匀半空间内球形充水岩溶的简单模型,以便解析求解并计算分析地表主剖面上二次电场的大小;计算结果表明,水平交变磁场产生的二次电场是一个相对高电位异常,而水平交变电场才产生相对低电位异常,由此推断天然电场选频法在地下水勘探中异常的形成主要是由于地下天然交变电场分量作用的结果。     

天然电场选频法的响应特性分析与应用

静态效应是频率域电磁法应用中不可避免的一种物理现象,通常通过校正方法进行压制或消除。本文提出一种直接利用天然电磁法的静态效应进行浅部电性异常体勘探的新思路,利用天然电场选频法(FSM)能够测量天然交变电磁场在地表所产生的几个不同频率的水平电场分量来研究地下介质的电性变化。首先采用二维有限单元法对FSM开展正演模拟,模拟结果表明：当近地表存在低阻异常体时,地表沿测线方向的水平电场分量曲线与FSM实测曲线形态相同,在低阻体的上方出现十分明显的低电位异常;当计算的频率点增多时,电场分量剖面曲线及其拟断面图会出现静态偏移现象,发现FSM异常实质上主要是静态效应所致。FSM实践应用成果及钻井验证结果表明,当有地下水存在时,FSM实测的剖面曲线及拟断面图会出现明显的静态效应现象,且与CSAMT的勘探成果一致。通过理论与实践可知,直接利用天然电磁场的电场分量开展浅部电性异常体的勘探具有可行性,今后也可利用频率域电磁法的静态效应现象开展浅层地质勘探。     

自然电场法与高密度电法联作在西江中下游岩溶区找水中的应用

基于溶洼区浅层岩溶地下水的渗流特性,研究富水岩溶地质结构在地下水渗流作用下引起的自然极化及由此形成的自然电场的分布特征,通过自然电场法与高密度电法联作,利用科研和中国地质调查局地质调查项目中探采结合井位的综合物探结果,探讨以自然电场法为主导、辅以高密度电法等综合物探方法,在西江中下游岩溶石山地区不同水文地质环境中寻找岩溶地下水的成功应用效果与失败的经验教训。研究结果表明,感应类电法（如瞬变电磁法、音频大地电磁测深法、地面核磁共振法、激发极化法、声频大地电场法、甚低频电磁法等）受电网、通信网络等人为电磁场干扰较严重;高密度电法抗人为电磁场干扰的能力较强,信噪比较高,但勘探深度相对较浅,且易受炭泥质灰岩、岩溶矿产等良导电岩矿体的干扰。自然电场法利用岩溶地下水运移引起的富水岩溶地质结构自然极化特征,自然电场异常与动态地下水的补给与运移状态关系较密切,自然电场法与基于探测目的体导电特性的高密度电法联作寻找溶洼区浅层地下水可起到方法互补、相互印证、提高探测分辨率与精度的作用。      

天然电场法找水效果的再认识

当前国内生产天然电场选频仪的厂家在宣传天然电场法找水时有夸大效果和缺乏实事求是的倾向,作者在进行大量地野外应用试验的基础上进行总结。首先简要介绍天然电磁场的场源及特征,指出天然电场法的利弊。对选频法中的多频测深进行了分析,指出它在理论上存在的诸多问题。肯定三频剖面法的应用效果,也指出单纯应用该法找水存在的不确定性。首次提出三频测深的曲线绘制和分析方法,进一步提高天然电场法找水的成井率。     

基于电阻率测井曲线的大地电磁测深标定

大地电磁测深曲线畸变的校正是大地电磁勘探中的重要问题。通过在D盆地的电阻率测井曲线与大地电磁测深平移方式校正前后的反演测深曲线相比较,构造变换函数,实现了测井曲线对大地电磁测深曲线的标定。经过该技术改进的大地电磁反演结果与验证钻孔极为吻合,结合钻井、地震、重力、磁法资料进行综合分析,有效地揭示了D盆地的构造特征。     

北京杰科创业科技有限公司

<正>JK系列天然电场选频仪简单·轻便·用人少·快捷·有效本公司韩荣波副教授于上世纪八十年代初在国内提出并研究成功天然电场选频法,经过四十多年的野外工作实践,总结出一套天然电场选频法找水找矿的勘探模式,可快速解决地下水(矿)的位置、埋深等问题。本公司根据天然电场选频法原理自主研发的JK系列天然电场选频仪,广泛适用于城市、山区、丘陵、平原等地区,寻找各种类型的地下水及各种类型的矿床(特别是石英脉型     

链子崖危岩体勘查中物探技术的应用

三峡链子崖危岩体防治工程之前进行了大量的调查和勘探工作,为开展整治工程奠定了基础,其中物探技术发挥了重要作用。本文简要介绍了音频大地电场法、甚低频电磁法、电测深法、高密度电阻率法、浅层地震法、声波跨孔法等物探技术探测隐伏裂缝、煤洞、岩溶以及堆积物厚度等方面的应用成果和一些经验。     

综合电法在岩溶山区地下水勘探中的应用——以湖南怀化长塘村为例

岩溶山区水文地质条件复杂,地下水的分布规律对不同的物探方法可能存在不同的响应特征。综合采用高密度电阻率法和音频大地电磁法,在湖南怀化长塘村进行找水勘探,综合勘探结果很好地指示出异常特征和比较具体的异常位置。推断结果与钻井结果基本一致,最大涌水量大于146.88 m~3/d/。此次成果表明:对称四极反演结果能有效对地下横向电阻率的变化进行响应,且纵向上能够利用电阻率测深曲线(单支曲线)进行分层;音频大地电磁法探测深度大,能有效对地下断层构造进行响应。     

可控源音频大地电磁测深在浅部地下水勘查中的应用

可控源音频大地电磁测深法是近些年发展起来的,主要用于探测深部地质构造的一种电磁测深方法.国内一些单位采用可控源音频大地电磁测深法在探寻中深部地热及地下水资源方面做了大量工作[1、2],取得了很好的实际应用效果,但其在探寻浅部地下水方面应用相对较少.这里通过今年在山东泰安开展抗旱找水工作所取得的成功案例,探讨了利用可控源音频大地电磁法在浅层地下水地球物理勘查中的应用效果.     

测量磁场水平分量H y的电性源广域电磁测深法

基于层状大地表面水平电偶极源电磁场公式系统,提出了比值法获取H y分量全区视电阻率计算公式。计算了层状地电模型多个收发距的电磁场各场分量E x、H y、H z,并用这三个场分量计算了全区视电阻率,以及E x/H y卡尼亚电阻率,并与模型的MT卡尼亚电阻率频谱曲线进行对比。发现H y全区视电阻率在赤道装置和轴向装置的广大区域对地电模型均有较好的响应,可进行单分量广域电磁测深。轴向装置H y全区视电阻率与赤道装置垂直磁场H z全区视电阻率相似,在低频段与层状模型大地电磁测深卡尼亚电阻率有相似的频率响应特征,在较小收发距条件下对大埋深基底就能有较好的响应。赤道装置和轴向装置测量的水平电场E x分量全区视电阻率在低频区均会进入“饱和”区。对于各电阻率定义方法,合适的收发距是较好地反映出地电特征深度变化的前提,多收发距测量有利于揭示深部电性特征。     

Vertical electrical sounding to delineate the potential aquifer zones for drinking water in Niamey city,Niger, Africa

Niger is a landlocked African country and the only source of surface water is the Niger River which flows in the western part of Niger and only few villages near to the river gets benefited from it, leaving most of the areas dependent on groundwater solely. The groundwater resources in Niger are mainly used for drinking, livestock and domestic needs. It can be observed that the water exploitation is minimal there due to several factors like undeveloped areas, less population, limited wells, rain-fed irrigation, etc. The delineation of potential aquifer zones is an important aspect for groundwater prospecting. Hence, the direct current (DC) resistivity soundings method also known as vertical electrical sounding (VES) is one of the most applied geophysical techniques for groundwater prospecting that was used in the capital city, Niamey of Niger. Twelve VES surveys, each of AB spacing 400 m were carried out in lateritic and granitic rock formations with a view to study the layer response and to delineate the potential zones. Potential aquifer zones were at shallow depth ranging from 10 to 25 m for the drilled borehole depth of 80–85 m in every village. Analysis of the result showed a good correlation between the acquired data and the lithologs.     

海水层对海洋大地电磁勘探的影响研究

为了研究海水层对大地电磁测深的影响,建立了一维层状模型并进行计算。结果表明,海水层对电磁场的影响特征主要表现为高频段的影响大于低频段,磁场的影响大于电场,相位的影响大于振幅。针对海洋大地电磁测深中使用远参考道问题,设计了三种二维地电模型(取参考点位于陆地或海底,测点位于海底),并对三种模型的大地电磁响应进行了有限单元法数值模拟,通过异常对比研究表明,在海洋大地电磁测深中可以使用远参考道,获得海底深部介质的地电信息。     

黔南岩溶石山区电测深法异常类型及其成因探讨

大量的抗旱打井找水开发深层岩溶地下水资源实例证明,黔南岩溶石山区不同岩溶形态富水电测深法异常类型及成因有一定规律可循,单支电测深曲线异常类型可划分为缓升型、缓降型、低阻平台型、低阻V型、低阻平升型.低阻降尾型,富水地段电测深视电阻率断面等值线异常类型可划分为低阻U型、低阻O型、低阻梯度带型、低阻台阶型.     

The use of vertical electrical sounding resistivity method for the location of low salinity groundwater for irrigation in Chaj and Rachna Doabs

A geoelectrical resistivity survey using vertical electrical sounding (VES) was conducted at Chaj Doab (land between rivers Jhelum and Chenab, Pakistan) and Rachna Doab (land between rivers Chenab and Ravi, Pakistan), with the objective of investigating groundwater conditions. A total of 90 sites were selected with 43 sites in Chaj and 47 sites in Rachna Doabs. The resistivity meter (ABEM Terrameter SAS 4000, Sweden) was used to collect the VES data by employing a Schlumberger electrode configuration, with half current electrode spacings (AB/2) ranging from 2 to 180 m and the potential electrode (MN) from 1 to 40 m. The field data were interpreted using the Interpex IX1D computer software and the resistivity versus depth models for each location was estimated. The outputs of subsurface layers with resistivities and thickness presented in contour maps and 3-D views by using SURFER software were created. A total of 102 groundwater samples from nearby hydrowells at different depths were collected to develop a correlation between the aquifer resistivity of VES and the electrical conductivity (EC) of the groundwater and to confirm the resulted geophysical resistivity models. From the correlation developed, it was observed that the groundwater salinity in the aquifer may be considered low and so safe for irrigation if resistivity >45 Ω m, and marginally fit for irrigation having resistivity between 25 and 45 Ω m. The study area has resistivities from 3.9 to 2,222 Ω m at the top of the unsaturated layer, between 1.21 and 171 Ω m, in the shallow aquifers, and 0.14–152 Ω m in the deep aquifers of the study area. The results indicate that the quality of groundwater is better near the rivers and in the shallow layers compared to the deep layers.     

MT法在河北献县地区地热勘查中的应用

河北献县地热资源埋藏浅、温度高、储量大、开发潜力大,合理选择物探方法可以很好地确定靶区,圈定储热构造,减少因钻探位置不当带来的额外开发成本.本次勘查工作利用EH4连续电导率成像系统,采取单点进行大地电磁测深（MT）的数据采集方式,能够极大地降低地形因素的影响,由此保证了测量的精度.由于MT法探测深度的优势,其反演电阻率电性特征图能够很清晰地反映出地热田导水导热断裂构造的分布、产状.MT法在本次地下热源勘查工作中取得了很好的测量结果,成功圈定了地下热源的范围,为下一步的钻探工作提供了有力的技术支持.     

浅部采空区电磁场特征分析研究

目前采空区探测的技术手段主要有地质调查,地球物理探测和钻探。对于老采空区,往往无矿产勘查资料和历史矿产开采资料,地质调查远不能准确固定采空区范围,只能依靠地球物理探测工作来确定采空区范围.深度和边界,之后用钻探验证。对于浅部小窑采空区,目前常用电磁类方法有高密度电阻率法和地质雷达。本文通过分析高密度电阻率法和地质雷达探测采空区的成果案例,总结了浅采空区电磁异常特征。通过对比分析自然条件下地层和采空区地层的电磁场特征,研究判定采空区边界和深度的方法。     

Use of vertical electrical soundings to delineate seawater intrusion in a coastal area of Byunsan,Korea

To delineate spatial extent of seawater intrusion in a small experimental watershed in the coastal area of Byunsan, Korea, electrical resistivity surveys with some evaluation core drillings and chemical analysis of groundwaters were conducted. The vertical electrical sounding (VES) method was applied, which is useful to identify variations in electrical characteristics of layered aquifers. The drilling logs identified a three-layered subsurface including reclamation soil, weathered layer and relatively fresh sedimentary bedrock. The upper two layers are the main water-bearing units in this area. A total of 30 electrical sounding curves corresponded mostly to the H type and they were further divided into three classes: highly conductive, intermediate, and low conductive, according to the observed resistivity values of the most conductive weathered layer. In addition, groundwater samples from 15 shallow monitoring wells were analyzed and thus grouped into two types based on HCO₃/Cl and Ca/Na molar ratios with TDS levels, which differentiated groundwaters affected by seawater intrusion from those not or less affected. According to relationships between the three classes of the sounding curves and groundwater chemistry, locations of the monitoring wells with low HCO₃/Cl and Ca/Na ionic ratios coincided with the area showing the highly conductive type curve, while those with the high ratios corresponded to the area showing low conductive curve type. Both the low electrical resistivity and the low ionic ratios indicated effects of seawater intrusion. From this study, it was demonstrated that the VES would be useful to delineate seawater intrusion in coastal areas.