Features and buried environment analysis of fossils specimens in Shuangmiao region of Kazuo County in Liaoning Province

In order to ascertain the species, quantity and occurrence layers of the fossils specimens in Shuangmiao region of Kazuo County, the authors harvested lots of Mesozoic fossils such as reptiles,birds,fishes and plant species, through geological surveys, section measurements and excavations. According to the comparison between the measured section and typical section, it is concluded that the fossil-bearing stratum is the No.1 Member of Jiufotang Formation, which belongs to the lacustrine facies. This research enriches the Mesozoic fossils data of Western Liaoning Province.     

辽宁省建昌县肖台子地区九佛堂组植物化石新发现

辽西建昌县喇嘛洞镇肖台子地区出露一套沉积地层,富含介形类、脊椎动物及大量植物化石.经区域地层研究,结合1：2000地质剖面实测以及对该剖面各层化石的采集,并对植物化石进行重点研究,确定了此套地层位于义县组之上,属于九佛堂组.生物化石组合面貌与“热河生物群”晚期群落特征一致,其时代为早白垩世.     

南阳盆地西峡赵营村上白垩统高沟组恐龙蛋化石埋藏特征及古环境意义

豫南南阳盆地西峡赵营村上白垩统高沟组含有较多的恐龙蛋化石,其中最为著名的是"路易贝贝"胚胎化石.对含化石地层中恐龙蛋的保存特征和古气候重建,可进一步认识白垩纪恐龙灭绝的古环境背景和原因.本文实测赵营村剖面厚约267.8 m,主要由下伏泥盆系南湾组(厚7.9 m)、上白垩统高沟组(厚259.9 m,未到顶)组成.通过地层沉积物结构构造观测和样品采集,在室内进行了元素、碳酸盐碳氧同位素组成、有机质饱和烃生标化合物等测试.结果表明,高沟组沉积物主要源于熊耳山岩浆岩的风化和短距离迁移,恐龙蛋化石主要保存于海拔200~800 m的山麓至平原过渡带的河漫滩环境,以原地埋藏为主.降雨量的变化造成河漫滩与河道频繁变化,从而导致恐龙在山麓与河漫滩之间来回迁栖.生物标志化合物分析表明,含恐龙蛋化石地层有机质主要来源于水生植物、菌藻类和陆生植物,但植被总体不发育.利用地层沉积岩Si/Al、CIA、Rb/Sr比值,以及 δ13C、δ18O等环境指标对高沟组古气候重建,该时期发生了较为快速的旋回变化,经历了暖干—暖湿—干旱—暖湿—干旱的古气候演变过程,总体上呈逐渐干旱化的趋势.通过赵营村晚白垩世早期恐龙蛋化石的埋藏、以及地层的古环境重建,说明古气候、古环境状况可能是影响恐龙生存的主要因素,大量恐龙蛋不能完全孵化以及气候的干旱化导致植被恶化可能是恐龙逐渐消亡的原因.     

辽宁省古生物化石管理的创新研究

辽宁省重要化石产地主要分布于辽宁西部,20世纪早期,辽西地区根据当时的行政区划属于热河省,著名的化石群——热河生物群也因此而得名。其范围包括锦州市、葫芦岛市、阜新市、朝阳市所辖各市县,面积约2万平方公里,赋存于8个中生代盆地中。这里的古生物化石资源得＂地＂独厚,据不完整统计,目前已包括了恐龙、晰蜴、鳄类、翼龙、鸟类、哺乳类、龟鳖类、蛙类、蝾螈、鱼类、叶肢介、介形虫、双壳类、腹足类、虾类、鲎类、蜘蛛、昆虫、植物、孢粉、藻类等20多个化石门类,一千多个品种,堪称“世界一绝”。     

山东烟台地区古生物化石特征及保护规划研究

为贯彻《古生物化石保护条例》,提高烟台市古生物化石的科学研究程度,促进古生物化石的合理开发利用以及地质遗迹保护与经济发展协调统一,首先通过对本地区资料收集整理及实际野外勘查,针对化石鉴定结果和化石分布特征,开展综合分析,得出了烟台市元古宙至新生代地层中的化石纵横向分布特征;然后根据化石类型、化石破坏程度、剖面类型、地质环境和工程影响五个因子,制定了相应的化石保护区等级划分体系,将烟台地区29个化石出露点划分为5个重点保护区,6个次重点保护区和17个一般保护区;最后提出了相应的古生物化石分级保护方案.     

河南西峡盆地恐龙蛋化石及埋藏特征

产于西峡盆地的恐龙蛋化石计有７ 科、８ 属、１０ 种以上, 主要分布于晚白垩世的高沟组和马家村组。其埋藏特征为： 含蛋层数多, 自下而上约２０ 层; 恐龙蛋大都为原地埋藏,成窝性好, 化石完整; 恐龙蛋集中区分布在冲积扇下、中部及洪泛平原内; 不同类型的恐龙蛋可在同一层面或上、下层中产出; 恐龙蛋在窝中的不同排列形式反映了恐龙产蛋的多样化;原地埋藏的恐龙蛋化石多产于一个正粒序层中、上部的细碎物中     

唤醒历史的“记忆”——辽宁省古生物化石保护与管理工作纪实

世界上第一朵花在哪儿绽放？第一只鸟从何处飞起。     

山东诸城晚白垩世古地震事件与恐龙化石埋藏

在山东诸城库沟、龙骨涧、西见屯集群恐龙化石埋藏层——上白垩统王氏群辛格庄组与红土崖组中,发现存在脆性、塑性及液化等多种类型的软沉积物变形构造,主要包括负载构造、球一枕构造、挤入构造(火焰构造)、液化卷曲变形、液化脉状构造、混插沉积构造及地震断裂等典型的粗碎屑沉积物形成的古地震记录.多层的软沉积物变形构造及未变形沉积层间...     

新疆和静县红札地区古生物化石的发现及其地层学意义

在新疆和静县红札地区,沿冰达坂断裂分布一套褐红色砂岩-砂砾岩-砾岩组合,前人在该套地层中未采集到化石,通过岩性组合对比,将其归属于早—中三叠世,地层单位为仓房沟群。本次通过1∶5万区域地质调查,在该套地层的灰黑色-褐红色砂岩-砂砾岩-砾岩中首次采集到Callipteris sp.,Cordaites sp.,Alethopteris sp.,Neoggerathiopsis sp.2,Schizoneura manchuriensis,Paracalamites cf. tenuicostatus,Calamites sp.等植物化石和Palaeanodonta sp.,Ostracoda,Etheria,Palaeoniscida,Palaeanodonta cf. solonensis等动物化石。基于岩石组合和所获的动植物大化石,不但确定了仓房沟群形成时代为二叠纪乐平世,而且进一步将仓房沟群解体为泉子街组、梧桐沟组和锅底坑组。     

辽西地区九佛堂组及其珍稀化石层划分与对比

辽西地区是世界重要的化石产地,中生界下白垩统九佛堂组是该地区重要的含化石层位,含有著名的热河生物群化石。通过对辽西地区九佛堂组诸多剖面的综合研究及化石组合对比,将辽西地区九佛堂组划分为3个岩性段,并整理完善了辽西九佛堂组珍稀化石层序列。根据对辽西九佛堂组珍稀化石层进行的对比研究,建立了肖台子层、报马营子层、西营子层等3个珍稀化石层,并分析了珍稀化石层岩性特征,认为珍稀化石层的形成与火山活动存在直接关系,首次提出辽西九佛堂期存在火山活动。     

A New Enantiornithine Bird from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in Jinzhou Area,Western Liaoning Province,China

A new Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird from Liaoning Province of northeastern China, Shengjingornis yangi, gen. et sp. nov., is reported. This new bird possesses the following unique combination of features: a long rostrum, with some teeth in the front; short nasal; slender jugal; Y-shaped furcula, with expanded distal end of the hypocleidum; cake-like sternum, with a low and caudally distributed keel; strut-like and caudally concave coracoid. The derived features of the scapula and the wings suggest a powerful flapping flight capability.     

A New Ctenochasmatid Pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province

Based on a nearly complete lower jaw from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, a new ctenochasmatid pterosaur: Liaoxipterus brachyognathus gen, et sp. nov. is erected. Liaoxipterus brachyognathus is different from any known pterosaurs with skulls preserved from western Liaoning Province and its peripheral areas in that the anterior part of the mandibular symphysis is expanded, being widest between the fourth alveolus of each side. Liaoxipterus brachyognathus is assigned to Ctenochasmatidae based on the following characters: the rounded anterior end of the lower jaw is spatulated and dorsoventrally flattened and marked heterodonty in the dentition is absent. It differs from other ctenochasmatid pterosaurs in having relatively small number of teeth. Liaoxipterus is distinguished from some ornithocheirids, which have expanded anterior parts of the mandibular symphyses, such as Anhanguera piscator,Coloborhynchus robustus in which the teeth of the new pterosaur are not as variable.     

Large-Sized Ankylosaur (Dinosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Western Liaoning, China

Two incomplete bones referred to ankylosaur scapulocoracoid and humerus are described, which were discovered from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation of Dachengzi Town, Kazuo County, Liaoning Province. Ankylosaur dinosaurs have ever been found in the Lower Cretaceous Yixian, Fuxin and Sunjiawan Formations of western Liaoning. The occurrence of ankylosaurs within Jiufotang Formation improves our knowledge on the ankylosaur stratigraphic distribution. Based on the length of scapulocoracoid, the new dinosaur is estimated to exceed 6.0 meters long, representing the largest ankylosaur in western Liaoning.     

On the Lower Cretaceous in Yixian County of Jinzhou City, Western Liaoning, China

Traditionally, the lacustrine deposits in Yixian County of Western Liaoning have been assigned to either “the Dakangpu Bed” of the Yixian Formation or the Jiufotang Formation. However, a 206Pb/238U age of 126.47±0.87 Ma is newly obtained from the tuff sample (06051) of the lacustrine deposits in the Baitaigou fossil site of Potaizi village, Yixian County, indicating that the lacustrine deposits in Potaizi area are approximately equivalent to the Wumingshan volcanics of the Sihetun Bed of the Yixian Formation in Beipiao. From our new dating data have arisen some new problems: Where could we find the Jiufotang Formation in Yixian County? How widely distributed is the Jiufotang Formation in Western Liaoning? Could the traditionally named Jiufotang Formation somewhere in Western Liaoning be the synchronous deposits of other litho-units (e.g. the Yixian Formation) in different facies? Could some lacustrine deposits somewhere in Western Liaoning have been assigned to the Jiufotang Formation?     

辽宁西部九佛堂组昼蜓化石的新发现及其地质意义

发现于辽宁省义县早白垩世九佛堂组上段地层中的昼蜓化石(孟氏丽昼蜓Abrohemeroscopus mengi Ren，Liu et Chen，2003)与北京西山卢尚坟组的巴依萨昼蜓(Hemeroscopus baissicus Pritykina，1977)在形态上比较相似，但在演化程度上更为原始，主要体现在后翅臀套较小(仅有6～7个翅室)，径增脉(Rspl)缺，后翅CuAa脉弯曲、带有5个明显的后分支，前翅MP脉短、终止于翅后缘近翅结处，翅痣下有一个明显的支脉，后翅CuAa和MP域基部较窄、在三角室下方仅有1排翅室。据此，九佛堂组上段的地质时代定为早白垩世早期(Berriasian-Hauterivian)较为合理。     

辽西早白垩世九佛堂组一新的初鸟类

描述了产于辽宁朝阳盆地联合乡回家子南山早白垩世九佛堂组一新的初鸟类化石。因其头骨下颌近前部具有一嵴状突;前肢短于后肢,前后肢长度比率为0,82;掌骨未愈合;后足纤细,第一趾反转,与其他三趾对握;尾椎少于23节等特征,区别于其他任何已知的初鸟类,故命名为一新属、新种一粗颌大连乌（Dalianraptor cuhe gen．et sp.nov）。     

辽西早白垩世一反鸟类新属种的发现

新反鸟化石（Gracilornis jiufotangensis gen. et sp. nov.）产于辽宁省朝阳地区早白垩世九佛堂组。根据该反鸟的骨骼细弱、肢骨关节发达、胸骨与躯干相比较小（胸骨宽与躯干长比率约为0.11;胸骨长与躯干长比率约为0.13）等不同于其他已知反鸟的特征,建立一新属种,归于华夏鸟科（Cathayornithidae）。     

辽宁建昌早白垩世孔子鸟一新材料

记述了辽宁建昌头道营子早白垩世九佛堂组发现的孔子鸟化石一新种—建昌孔子鸟(Confuci-usornis jianchangensis sp.nov.)。尽管新种缺失前肢及肩带,还是在许多特征上很容易与属型种(圣贤孔子鸟)相区别。例如,个体小、鳞骨近三角形、方骨粗大、齿骨前端有突起、跗蹠骨近端愈合、第V跗蹠骨不存在和尾综骨粗大等。新种是孔子鸟类在建昌地区的首次发现,对于展示孔子鸟类的多样性等具有较重要意义。     

辽宁北票四合屯盆地下白垩统义县组沉积相

本文系统地论述了北票四合屯盆地下白垩统义县组沉积时期的演化,将盆地演化划分为继承性初始坳陷、火山洼地、湖盆沉降与扩展三个阶段,其后由于火山作用而使盆地封闭。与盆地演化相对应,建立了盆内义县组的沉积相序,自下而上依次为冲积扇与河流相、火山沉积相、河流相、湖相(滨湖亚相,浅湖亚相,半深湖亚相,浅湖亚相,滨湖亚相,浅湖亚相)、火山溢流相,并指出火山喷发间歇期湖盆的湖水进退规律、水体性质以及沉积环境特征。