钒掺杂磁铁矿对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

<正>印染废水具有成分复杂、色泽深、毒性大、可生化性差等特点,现有的废水处理技术往往不能取得很好的净化效果。吸附法是治理印染废水的主要途径之一,其面临的主要瓶颈是吸附材料     

钛磁铁矿的制备及其异相Fenton反应催化性能

在水相中合成了钛磁铁矿（Fe3-xTixO4）,并用XRD、MSssbauer、TG-DSC和SEM等手段对合成的Fe3-xTixO4进行了表征。结果表明,合成的Fe3-xTixO4为立方晶系尖晶石结构,样品中的钛离子都已经进入其晶格中;钛掺杂有抑制钛磁铁矿进一步向钛磁赤铁矿转化和稳定尖晶石结构的作用。此外,以亚甲基蓝降解为探针反应,考察了钛磁铁矿异相Fenton反应的催化性能。实验表明,钛含量较高的钛磁铁矿是一种性能优越的异相Fenton反应催化剂。     

凹凸棒石对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学研究

研究了凹凸棒石对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学,在初始浓度为120~210mg/L、转速为100~200rpm、以及温度为298~328K的范围内,凹凸棒石对亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学数据均符合准二级速率方程。结果表明,凹凸棒石对亚甲基蓝的吸附仅发生在外表面,吸附表观活化能为13.92kJ/mol,说明此吸附并不是由单一的化学吸附为速率控制步骤,是由化学吸附和液膜扩散共同控制的吸附过程。凹凸棒石对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附动力学研究@彭书传$合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院!230009 @王诗生$合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院!230009 @陈天虎$合肥工业大学资源与环境…     

钛聚合体改性膨润土及其吸附性能研究

为利用膨润土的层间活性有效提高其吸附性能，用各种方法合成金属钛的聚合体，并引入膨润土层间进行改性，研究了合成方法、条件等对膨润土结构、性能的影响，并以红色染料模拟有机废水探讨其吸附性。结果表明，聚合体的合成方法、浓度及介质的pH等条件对改性膨润土的结构和性能均有影响。用Ti在层间水解生成聚合体的合成方法能够有效地改性膨润土、增大层间距、提高其吸附性。     

载铜蒙脱石吸附亚甲基蓝的试验研究

采用离子交换法制得载铜蒙脱石,研究蒙脱石和载铜蒙脱石对亚甲基蓝（MB）的吸附性能,结果表明载铜蒙脱石的吸附能力低于蒙脱石。温度、介质pH值和离子强度对吸附剂的吸附性能有不同程度的影响;蒙脱石和载铜蒙脱石吸附MB等温线较好地符合BET和Langmuir等温方程,其吸附过程均为热力学自发过程。     

硬脂酸钠改性蒙脱石对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

以阴离子表面活性剂硬脂酸钠为改性剂制备了硬脂酸钠改性蒙脱石(NaSTA-MMT).FI-IR和XRD分析表明插层剂已进入蒙脱石层间,且随着硬脂酸钠量的增加蒙脱石层间距从1.274 nm增加到4.805 nm。亚甲基蓝吸附实验表明,硬脂酸钠改性蒙脱石吸附行为遵循伪二级动力学方程。平衡吸附量与平衡质量浓度之间的关系符合Langmuir等温吸附方程所描述的规律。硬脂酸钠改性膨润吸附亚甲基蓝表现为自发的表面物理吸附过程,吸附活化能、吸附焓变和熵变分别为2.36 kJ/mol-、21.47 kJ/mol和-44.45 J/mol.K。     

钒掺杂磁铁矿的制备及其异相Fenton反应降解亚甲基蓝的研究

<正>在自然界中,磁铁矿(Fe3O4)结构中的铁离子常被一些过渡金属离子类质同象替换,导致其结构、电学、磁学和催化性能发生一定变化。近年来,相关研究表明:Co、Mn、Cr等类质同象替换磁铁矿结构中的Fe,能有效地提高磁铁矿的异相Fenton催化能力。而这些过渡金属离子掺杂作用对磁铁矿催化性能的影响,与掺杂离子的价态,占位以及掺杂量有关。     

羟基磷灰石对水溶性Fe~(3+)的去除机理

利用天然磷矿粉为原料制备的羟基磷灰石(HAP)研究其去除水溶性Fe3+作用机理。结果表明:HAP对水溶液中Fe3+离子的去除过程是一个复杂的非均相固-液反应,分为两个阶段:初期阶段(t≤20 min)反应速度快,动力学过程复杂;后期阶段(t20min)反应速度较慢,符合一级反应动力学方程。HAP去除水溶性Fe3+离子的主要作用机理是溶解-沉淀和表面吸附作用。     

针铁矿及其前体吸附亚砷酸根离子的反应及预处理方法的影响

观察了针铁矿及其前体对溶液中亚砷酸根离子的吸附过程和吸附性能。3种吸附剂分别为氢氧化铁凝胶、经微波真空干燥的凝胶和80℃烘干的凝胶,它们均转变成了针铁矿。氢氧化铁凝胶与亚砷酸钠溶液混和后,溶液的pH值在6min内从9.71上升到10.36,原因是亚砷酸根离子置换了针铁矿和氢氧化铁中的氢氧根;40min后开始持续下降,和亚砷酸根离子与吸附剂之间的缩合反应有关。pH值的转折点并不意味着吸附反应的结束,但代表了反应类型的转变。这两种类型的反应受温度和气体溶解组分的影响不大。吸附剂经超声波处理后,改善了其在介质中的分散性,吸附效率因此普遍提高,但也造成了固体微粒难以分离的问题。经真空微波处理的凝胶对砷阴离子的吸附率优于另外两种吸附剂,去除率分别提高了53.18%和17.22%。其主要原因可能是凝胶中的水分子在微波辐射场作用下的高频振动,使其内部在干燥脱水过程中保持了较高的孔隙度;此外,吸附剂的表面活性在微波处理过程中亦有可能得到了改善。     

两类矿物前体对As(Ⅲ)阴离子吸附机制的实验研究

通过两类矿物前体对A s(Ⅲ)阴离子的吸附反应的实验研究发现:这两类矿物前体在吸附反应过程中pH值均发生了明显变化,它们对A s(Ⅲ)的吸附均属于化学吸附。M g-A l-LDO从环境中获取阴离子以恢复重建LDH的结晶结构,并释放OH-使溶液pH升高;F e(OH)3凝胶改变了A s(Ⅲ)的络合配位数,同时产生H+离子,使溶液pH降低;M g-F e-LDO兼有二者的特点。在室温条件下,M g-A l-LDO和M g-F e-LDO对A s(Ⅲ)的吸附容量分别为83.2×1-0 3和87.45×1-0 3,而F e(OH)3凝胶为204.9×1-0 3。矿物前体对溶液中阴离子污染物的吸附能力大大高于对应的矿物,主要原因是它们的吸附机理不同,前者为化学吸附,而后者以物理吸附为主。     

功能性Fe3O4磁纳米粒子的合成

本研究以PNIPAM(聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)为单体,先制备出来Fe3O4@SiO2纳米颗粒,再与DMP(十二烷基三硫代碳酸酯)链转移剂进行酯化反应,制备的产物作为新的链转移剂,在偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂的条件下,利用可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT)活性聚合法制备温度响应性磁纳米粒子。通过红外光谱法、核磁共振法对聚合物的结构进行表征,谱图表明成功地合成出所需的产物。通过扫描电镜对其进行分析,所得到的Fe3O4@SiO2-PNIPAM聚合物纳米颗粒分布比较均匀。     

Electric conductivity of Fe2SiO4–Fe3O4 spinel solid solutions

 The spinel solid solution was found to exist in the whole range between Fe₃O₄ and γ-Fe₂SiO₄ at over 10 GPa. The resistivity of Fe_{3− x} Si _x O₄ (0.0<x<0.288) was measured in the temperature range of 80∼300 K by the AC impedance method. Electron hopping between Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ in the octahedral site of iron-rich phases gives a large electric conductivity at room temperature. The activation energy of the electron hopping becomes larger with increasing γ-Fe₂SiO₄ component. A nonlinear change in electric conductivity is not simply caused by the statistical probability of Fe³⁺–Fe²⁺ electron hopping with increasing the total Si content. This is probably because a large number of Si⁴⁺ ions occupies the octahedral site and the adjacent Fe²⁺ keeping the local electric neutrality around Si⁴⁺ makes a cluster, which generates a local deformation by Si substitution. The temperature dependence of the conductivity of solid solutions indicates the Verwey transition temperature, which decreases from 124(±2) K at x=0 (Fe₃O₄) to 102(±5) K at x=0.288, and the electric conductivity gap at the transition temperature decreases with Si⁴⁺ substitution. Received: 15 March 2000 / Accepted: 4 September 2000     

Magnetic properties of the Fe2SiO4-Fe3O4 spinel solid solutions

 Magnetic measurement of Fe_{3− x} Si _x O₄ spinel solid solutions indicates that their Curie temperatures decrease gradually, but not linearly, from 851 to 12 K with increasing content of nonmagnetic ions Si⁴⁺. Magnetic hysteresis becomes more noticeable in solid solutions having a larger content of Fe₂SiO₄. Saturation magnetizations of Fe_{3− x} Si _x O₄ samples increase up to x=0.357 and they are easily saturated in the field of H=0.1 T. However, magnetization of the sample of x=0.794 does not approach saturation even at high field of H=7.0 T and has a large coercive force. The Si⁴⁺ disordered distribution is confirmed to be ^tetr[Fe³⁺ _{1− x + x t} Si⁴⁺ _{x (1− t )}] ^octa[Fe²⁺ _{1+ x} Fe³⁺ _{1− x − x t} Si⁴⁺ _{x t} ] O₄ by the spin moment, which is consistent with site occupancy obtained from X-ray crystal structure refinement. Their molecular magnetizations would be expressed as M _B={4(1+x)+10xt}μ_B as functions of composition parameter x and Si⁴⁺ ordering parameter t of the solid solution. The sample of x=0.794 is antiferromagnetic below the Néel temperature, mainly due to the octahedral cation interaction M _O–M _O, while both M _T–M _O and M _O–M _O interactions induce a ferrimagnetic property. Concerning magnetic spin configuration, in the case of x>0.42, the lowest dɛ level becomes a singlet, resulting in no orbital angular momentum. Received: 20 April 2000 / Accepted: 11 September 2000     

High-Pressure crystal chemistry of spinel (MgAl2O4) and magnetite (Fe3O4): Comparisons with silicate spinels

High-pressure crystal structures and compressibilities have been determined by x-ray methods for MgAl₂O₄ spinel and its isomorph magnetite, Fe₃O₄. The measured bulk moduli, K, of spinel and magnetite (assuming K′=4) are 1.94±0.06 and 1.86±0.05 Mbar, respectively, in accord with previous ultrasonic determinations. The oxygen u parameter, the only variable atomic position coordinate in the spinel structure (Fd3m, Z=8), decreases with pressure in MgAl₂O₄, thus indicating that the magnesium tetrahedron is more compressible than the aluminum octahedron. In magnetite the u parameter is unchanged, and both tetrahedron and octahedron display the 1.9 Mbar bulk modulus characteristic of the entire crystal. This behavior contrasts with that of nickel silicate spinel (γ-Ni₂SiO₄), in which the u parameter increases with pressure because the silicon tetrahedron is relatively incompressible compared to the nickel octahedron.     

Removal of cationic dye methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution by ground raw and base modified pine cone powder

The adsorption capacity of raw and sodium hydroxide-treated pine cone powder in the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was investigated in a batch system. It was found that the base modified pine cone exhibits large adsorption capacity compared with raw pine cone. The extent of adsorption capacity was increased with the increase in NaOH concentration. Overall, the extent of MB dye adsorption increased with increase in initial dye concentration, contact time, and solution pH but decreased with increase in salt concentration and temperature for both the systems. Surface characteristics of pine cone and base modified pine cone were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscope. Equilibrium data were best described by both Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was found to be 129.87 mg g^?1 at solution pH of 9.02 for an initial dye concentration of 10 ppm by raw pine cone. The base modified pine cone showed the higher monolayer adsorption capacity of 142.25 mg g^?1 compared with raw pine cone biomass. The value of separation factor, R _L, from Langmuir equation and Freundlich constant, n, both give an indication of favourable adsorption. The various kinetic models, such as pseudo-first-order model, pseudo-second-order model, intraparticle diffusion model, double-exponential model, and liquid film diffusion model, were used to describe the kinetic and mechanism of adsorption process. Overall, kinetic studies showed that the dye adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics based on other models. The different kinetic parameters, including rate constant, half-adsorption time and diffusion coefficient, were determined at different physicochemical conditions. A single-stage bath adsorber design for the MB adsorption onto pine cone and modified pine cone has been presented based on the Langmuir isotherm model equation. Thermodynamic parameters, such as standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG ⁰), standard enthalpy (ΔH ⁰) and standard entropy (ΔS ⁰), were also calculated.     

Fe2+在零价铁还原去除NO3-中的作用效应

零价铁（Fe0） 被广泛用于地下水中硝酸盐原位与异位修复,但二价铁（Fe2+） 的存在对具有氧化膜的Fe0还原硝酸盐的作用效应仍有待研究。以100 目的未经酸化的颗粒状零价铁作为还原剂,采用室内批试验方法,研究了Fe2+在零价铁还原去除NO3-系统中的作用效应。实验结果表明,Fe2+可显著提高Fe0对于NO3-的去除速率与去除效率,且Fe2+浓度越高,去除速率与效率越高;由于未经酸化的Fe0具有氧化膜,反应初期的NO3-还原速率较慢。Fe2+将零价铁表面的Fe2O3氧化膜转化为Fe3O4,加速电子由Fe0向NO3-的转移,促进NO3-还原。此外,在反应系统中加入Fe3O4,可进一步提高Fe0对于硝酸盐的去除能力,若Fe2+不存在,仅添加Fe3O4,NO3-的去除效率没有提高。     

1-（2，6-二溴-4-硝基苯）-3-（4-硝基苯）-三氮烯光度法测定铜

建立了用 1 - ( 2 ,6-二溴 - 4-硝基苯 ) - 3- ( 4 -硝基苯 ) -三氮烯 (DBNPNPT)分光光度法直接测定铜矿及铝合金样品中铜的方法。在表面活性剂TritonX - 1 0 0的存在下 ,pH在 9.5～ 1 1 .5的Na2 B4O7-NaOH介质中 ,DBNPNPT与Cu2 +可生成黄色络合物 ,以 5 35nm为参比波长 ,45 0nm为测定波长的双峰双波长法进行测定 ,表观摩尔吸光系数可达 1 .1 1× 1 0 5L·mol- 1 ·cm- 1 ,Cu2 +的质量浓     

游离Fe2O3对成都粘土部分工程地质特征的影响

针对了Ｆｅ２Ｏ３在粘土中普遍存在的现象,本文讨论了成都粘土游离Ｆｅ２Ｏ３质量分数与部分试验指标间的关系,分析了解游离Ｆｅ２Ｏ３对该种粘土工程性质的作用和影响程度。append     

1-（4-硝基苯基）-3-（3-硝基-5-氯吡啶）三氮烯的合成及其与锌的显色反应

报道了1-(4-硝基苯基)-3-(3-硝基-5-氯吡啶)三氮烯(NPNCPDT)的合成及其与锌的显色反应研究。在Triton X-100存在下,pH 10.5的Na2B4O7-NaOH缓冲溶液中,该试剂能与锌发生显色反应,锌与NPNCPDT形成摩尔比为1∶2的黄色配合物,在450 nm处有一最大正吸收,540 nm处有一最大负吸收。以450 nm为参比波长、540 nm为测量波长进行双波长测定,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.50×105L.mol-1.cm-1。锌量在0~480μg/L符合比尔定律。用拟定方法测定人发中的微量锌,方法精密度小于2.5%(RSD,n=6)。