估算车辆鸣号引起噪声级增量的一种简便方法

作者根据能量叠加原理和“喇叭噪声当量车”模型,得出了估算由喇叭鸣号引起的交通噪声等效声级增量的计算公式,提出了一种实地测量和计算的简便方法。     

多光谱激光雷达小波去噪效果评价体系

针对基于小波理论的多光谱激光雷达消噪信号,从能量、图形、统计多角度出发,提出了由信噪比、平滑度等6项指标组成的小波消噪效果评价体系。实验证明,该体系可以为多光谱激光雷达消噪信号提供更加全面客观的效果评价,为不同信号噪声去除方法的选择提供更加可靠的依据,同时也有利于对不同算法进行有针对性的改进。     

海洋磁力测量中不同小波母函数的阈值消噪方法性能分析

首先介绍了小波阈值消噪的基本原理,认为小波阈值消噪的性能受三方面因素的影响:(1)小波母函数的选择;(2)阈值方法的选择;(3)阈值函数的选择.为了寻找小波母函数、阈值估计和阈值函数的最优组合,文中以实测海洋磁力测量数据为背景,采用小波阈值法进行消噪,把得到的磁异常值作为"真值".仿真了波浪噪声和随机噪声并加入到"真值"磁异常中,作为噪声磁异常.在此基础上采用两种小波族系(Symlets,Daubechies)、四种阈值选取方法和软、硬阈值函数对噪声磁异常进行了基于小波变换的消噪计算,客观分析了不同组合方法的消噪精度和可靠性.实际计算结果表明:对磁异常突变点较多且分布杂乱的测线进行消噪,Sym6、软阈值函数、混合阈值或基于Stein无偏似然估计消噪效果最好;对磁异常突变点少且大部分光滑的测线进行消噪,db7、基于Stein无偏似然估计和软阈值函数的消噪效果最好.     

机场航空噪声监测与评价方法

机场航空噪声不同于其他噪声,需要进行特殊监测与评价。传统的方式对机场周围一些特殊区域传统监测与评价方法不适用,主要问题有:部分点位很难测定Td,不能进行正常的计算与评价;正常情况下布点太多难以同步完成现状监测;对敏感点单纯采用LWECPN进行评价不能准确反映所受污染的真实情况等。指出问题所在,提出了完善办法,并对提出的办法进行了一定程度的合理性论证。另外,针对已有机场扩建项目,提出快速预测办法,确立了简单的预测公式,可快捷地为机场管理及规划服务。     

基于本征正交分解的湍流去噪

在近岸河口湍流研究中,实测的湍流资料往往容易受到噪声的影响,导致湍流特征量的估算出现偏差。本征正交分解是一种将流场在能量上进行分解再重构的方法,基于该方法,结合数值实验和野外实测资料,对包含噪声的湍流数据进行了去噪处理。结果表明：（1）本征正交分解能有效去除湍流中的噪声。在进行信号重构时,应将保留能量的百分比与湍流能量占比保持一致。去噪的效果与噪声占比有关,噪声占比越高,去噪效果越明显。（2）在实测资料中,憩流时刻的噪声占比要显著大于非憩流时刻,水平方向的噪声占比要大于垂直方向。经过本征正交分解去噪后,各湍流特征量的估算更加合理。     

基于小波阈值算法的海杂波信号降噪

为有效提取噪声背景下的海杂波信号,针对海杂波信号非线性非平稳的特点,提出基于小波阈值算法对实测海杂波数据去噪。在噪声水平未知条件下,提出基于噪声主要在高频段且能量较小、信号主要集中在低频段思想的噪声判断准则。为验证小波去噪效果,将该算法对含有噪声的海杂波实测数据进行去噪,采用均方差和降噪信号信噪比两项指标衡量去噪效果,并与均值和中值等去噪方法对比,小波算法在这两项指标均优于其他算法;此外,实验结果还表明,db2小波在双曲线阈值函数和HeurSure阈值模式下优于其他小波去噪效果。     

俄国鱼类行为与感觉研究（Ⅲ）

本文简要介绍俄国鱼类高级神经活动的研究情况，着重介绍鱼在行为与感觉系统研究的应用，包括控制鱼类行为的一般原理。文中还介绍了俄国鱼类行为与感觉系统研究在捕捞，养殖及护鱼，过鱼设施和装置中的应用。     

地震资料处理中最小平方反滤波白噪化分析

主要根据误差能量和频谱特征，分析地震资料处理中最小平方反滤波白噪化后反滤波因子、滤波结果和地震子波的变化。指出选择适当小的白噪因子λ，可使反滤波因子稳定，提高滤波效果，有效地提高分辨率。     

基于随机共振的GPS接收信号消噪方法

GPS接收信号中的噪声干扰一直以来都是研究人员想方设法消除的不利因素,但在某些非线性系统中,噪声的存在却能够提高信号的检测性能,利用Langevin方程构建的非线性随机共振系统对GPS接收信号进行消噪处理,经过对仿真信号的验证,消噪效果明显,将在GPS接收信号消噪领域得到很好的应用。     

基于小波的水下图像后向散射噪声去除

介绍水下图像成像的特点,分析影响水下成像的主要因素:吸收和散射。在此基础上,采用小波的方法对水下图像进行去噪。首先对低频系数采用了LUM滤波器进行滤波,然后对高频系数采用了NeighShrink方法和对其改进后的ENS方法进行去噪。通过实验证实,该方法去除水下图像噪声具有较好的效果。     

Recreational boat noise level evaluation

Recreational boats are constantly undergoing modifications and improvements in design, construction materials, and equipment. The boat builder mission is supply customers with a product with better quality, safety and onboard comfort. Onboard comfort should be evaluated along several points. Seakeeping is especially critical on long trips or operations in regions where harsh sea conditions occur. Over the years much attention has been given to boat behavior underway at sea. Recently onboard noise level has become a significant element of comfort and navigation safety. With high onboard noise a boater is unable to detect other boat whistles, horns and calls for help. This becomes a critical problem when sailing in fog and at night. Maintaining the internal noise level within limits is important. In order to address this noise problem, the paper presents a review of existing guidelines and the authors' proposal for Boat Noise Evaluation (BNE) procedure for recreational powerboats. This procedure has been used in a number of boat trials. The use of this procedure is discussed along with representative boat noise level results and a comparison with the acceptable values for passenger comfort and safety.     

Structural Topology Design of Container Ship Based on Knowledge-Based Engineering and Level Set Method

Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) is introduced into the ship structural design in this paper. From the implementation of KBE, the design solutions for both Rules Design Method (RDM) and Interpolation Design Method (IDM) are generated. The corresponding Finite Element (FE) models are generated. Topological design of the longitudinal structures is studied where the Gaussian Process (GP) is employed to build the surrogate model for FE analysis. Multi-objective optimization methods inspired by Pareto Front are used to reduce the design tank weight and outer surface area simultaneously. Additionally, an enhanced Level Set Method (LSM) which employs implicit algorithm is applied to the topological design of typical bracket plate which is used extensively in ship structures. Two different sets of boundary conditions are considered. The proposed methods show satisfactory efficiency and accuracy.     

噪声信号源超磁致伸缩换能器设计方法研究

针对以往噪声信号发射换能器在实际工作中,存在着诸多影响正常科研试验的问题,并根据噪声信号的技术要求,以及探测方式的技术特征,我们对噪声发射换能器进行了重新设计,从选用超磁致伸缩材料作为换能器的材料入手,结合国内外一些新的设计理念,从材料性能分析,到理论设计,最后到可靠性实施方法,都进行了周密细致的研究,并完成了设计全过程。测试结果和使用性能表明,达到了预期的目的,这也是该材料在国内首次应用于单只宽频水声换能器中,开创了稀土超磁致伸缩材料应用的又一个先列。     

安德拉水位计测量中水位值计算的误差分析和估算

在安德拉水位计的实际应用中,除由压力测量引起的水位测量误差外,在水位数据的计算中,也存在着误差因素。本文分析了这些因素的误差分量,并粗略地估算了它们的大小;由此提出了参与水位值计算的几个主要订正参数的选值方法。     

海水中铜离子对氨基酸—粘土体系液—固界面作用的影响

用Ｅ（％）－ｐＨ曲线法实验研究了海水中三元表面络合物的形成和构型。通过海水中金属铜离子对氨基酸—粘土界面作用的Ｅ（％）－ｐＨ曲线影响的研究,发现曲线具有“单向上移”的规律,表明甘氨酸、天冬氨酸—铜离子—高岭土三元体系在实验条件下主要形成（Ⅰ）型三元表面络合物即≡Ｓ—Ｏ—Ｍ—Ｌ。该系列论文另一部分已研究氨基酸对金属离子—粘土体系的影响,证明可形成（Ⅱ）型三元表面络合物即≡Ｓ—Ｏ—Ｌ—Ｍ。据此可以推测（Ⅰ）型和（Ⅱ）型在某一条件下可以转变构型,其中间构型可能即是Ｌｅｃｋｉｅ等提出的环形三元表面络合物。     

航海雷达图像噪声抑制方法研究

针对航海雷达图像上常见的同频干扰噪声,提出了一种有效的抑制方法。该方法采用阈值分割技术对噪声进行检测,然后对检测出的噪声点进行插值修复。使用X波段航海雷达图像对该方法进行检验。采用信噪比、偏差指数和相关系数等指标进行定量评价。结果表明,提出的新方法既能显著地抑制航海雷达图像的同频干扰噪声,又能较好地保持原始图像的信息,具有良好的降噪效果。它的综合性能明显优于传统的均值滤波和中值滤波方法。     

环胶州湾公路(陆域)建设工程环境影响预测

提出环胶州湾公路陆域部分的环境影响评价,指出交通噪声和汽车尾气对公路沿线环境的影响,并按环保要求论证了该公路走向选线的合理性和设计的可行性。     

局部非线性直接预测方法在检测海洋混沌和噪音中的应用

利用局部非线性直接预测方法及实测值与预测值的相关系数,提出了混沌时间序列及含有音（白噪音）混沌时间序列的检测混沌和噪音特征的一种方法。该方法对Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ映射资料及赤道日ＳＳＴ资料进行了混沌及噪音检测。结果表明,该检测方法优于一般谱方法对混沌资料的检测,在资料含噪信比约为３２％时,实测值与预测值的相关系数达０．５,在此可信相关系数范围内可检测资料的混沌特征。同时指出了随着资料噪信比的增加,实测     

Recent Sea Level and Sea Surface Temperature Changes Along the Maldives Coast

Maldives, a South Asian small island nation in the northern part of the Indian Ocean is extremely vulnerable to the impacts of Sea Level Rise (SLR) due to its low altitude from the mean sea level. This artricle attempts to estimate the recent rates of SLR in Maldives during different seasons of the year with the help of existing tidal data recorded in the Maldives coast. Corresponding Sea Surface Temperature (SST) trends, utilizing reliable satellite climatology, have also been obtained. The relationships between the SST and mean sea level have been comprehensively investigated. Results show that recent sea level trends in the Maldives coast are very high. At Male, the capital of the Republic of Maldives, the rising rates of Mean Tidal Level (MTL) are: 8.5, 7.6, and 5.8 mm/year during the postmonsoon (October-December), Premonsoon (March-May) and southwest monsoon (June-September) seasons respectively. At Gan, a station very close to the equator, the increasing rate of MTL is maximum during the period from June to September (which is 6.2 mm/year). These rising trends in MTL along the Maldives coast are certainly alarming for this small developing island nation, which is hardly one meter above the mean sea level. Thus there is a need for careful monitoring of future sea level changes in the Maldives coast. The trends presented are based on the available time-series of MTL for the Maldives coast, which are rather short. These trends need not necessarily reflect the long-term scenario. SST in the Maldives coast has also registered significant increasing trend during the period from June to September. There are large seasonal variations in the SST trends at Gan but SST and MTL trends at Male are consistently increasing during all the seasons and the rising rates are very high. The interannual mode of variation is prominent both in SST as well as MTL. Annual profile of MTL along the Maldives coast is bimodal, having two maxima during April and July. The April Mode is by far the dominant one. The SST appears to be the main factor governing the sea level variations along the Maldives coast. The influence of SST and sea level is more near the equatorial region (i.e., at Gan). There is lag of about two months for the maximum influence of SST on the sea level. The correlation coefficient between the smoothed SST and mean tidal level at Gan with lag of two months is as high as ~ +0.8, which is highly significant. The corresponding correlation coefficients at Male with the lags of one and two months are +0.5 and +0.3, respectively. Thus, the important finding of the present work for the Maldives coast is the dominance of SST factor in sea level variation, especially near the region close to the equator.