超高速光孤子传输特性分析及数值模拟

通过数值解非线性耦合薛定谔方程 ,研究高速光孤子通信系统中高阶色散和偏振模色散对孤子传输的影响 ,并数值模拟孤子在单模光纤中的演变。研究结果表明 :偏振模色散导致孤子脉冲展宽、峰值功率下降、峰值点随传输距离漂移 ;高阶色散和偏振模色散使孤子加速展宽、脉冲沿出现非对称的振荡结构 ,脉冲峰值点随传输距离的漂移而发生改变     

光子晶体光纤中孤子内拉曼散射的研究

利用快速分步傅里叶方法数值计算了孤子在光子晶体光纤中的传输。计算结果表明:光子晶体光纤中会产生较强的拉曼散射,非线性越强,孤子分裂得越快,同时分裂出更多孤子。而且,初始啁啾对光子晶体光纤中的拉曼散射有较大的影响,正初始啁啾会增大拉曼孤子的红移速度,而负初始啁啾则会减小拉曼孤子的红移速度。随着光子晶体光纤非线性加强,初始啁啾的作用减弱。     

水温对XCTD剖面仪单模光纤传输信道影响的研究

提出采用单模光纤作为XCTD的传输信道,首先对使用漆包线作为传输信道所面临的难题进行了简要的分析;其次,分析了单模光纤技术优势;最后,针对XCTD工作环境中海水温度变化对光纤传输信道带来的影响进行了理论研究和实验验证,实验结果表明,单模光纤信道在海水介质及0~20℃海温变化下,以10 MB/S的传输速率传输数据时误码率为0,且损耗变化几乎可以忽略,大大提高了信号传输的速率和传输稳定性,实验结果说明采用单模光纤作为XCTD的传输信道具有一定的可行性。     

水温对XCTD剖面仪单模光纤传输信道影响的研究（英文）

XCTD作为深海探测的一种最为重要的仪器,是深海水文数据获取的重要手段,但传统的金属漆包线信道存在一些难以解决的技术问题,成为XCTD发展的主要瓶颈。针对这一问题,本文提出采用单模光纤作为XCTD的传输信道。本文首先对使用漆包线作为传输信道所面临的难题进行了简要的分析;其次,分析了单模光纤技术优势;最后,针对XCTD工作环境中海水温度变化对光纤传输信道带来的影响进行了理论研究和实验验证,实验结果表明,单模光纤信道在海水介质及0~20°海温变化下,以10 MB/S的传输速率传输数据时误码率为0,且损耗变化几乎可以忽略,大大提高了信号传输的速率和传输稳定性,实验结果说明采用单模光纤作为XCTD的传输信道具有一定的可行性。     

基于射线理论的海脊俘获波机制

虽然众多现场实测资料和数值模拟均表明海脊可以俘获海啸波并引导其传播至远场地区,带来严重的灾害,但少有研究阐述其产生机理。本文基于射线理论,推导了指数型海脊上波浪传播轨迹的理论解,并提出了震源位于海脊顶部的海啸被海脊完全俘获的条件。基于该俘获条件进一步给出了海脊对海啸俘获效率的表达式,用以评估海啸中被海脊俘获影响至远场的能量占海啸总能量的比例。     

一族可积孤子方程的Darboux变换与类孤子解

本文利用新的等谱特征值问题 ,首先为 1类耦合的非线性演化方程建立了 1个具有多个参数的 N-波 Darboux变换。通过约化 ,得到了 1族可积孤子方程的 Darboux变换。作为应用 ,获得了该孤子方程的类孤子解 ,并借助 Mathematica软件画出了其中 1个新解的图形     

相交圆柱摆式波能装置俘获效率数值分析

摆式波能装置具有结构简单和转化效率高等特点,本文应用AQWA 软件基于势流理论对相交圆柱摆式波能装置进行了数值模拟研究,分析了轴间距比、结构阻尼、净浮力比、水深、波浪特性及吃水深度等主要参数对相交圆柱摆式波能装置俘获效率的影响,并与直板摆式波能装置的俘获效率进行了对比。结果表明：同样条件下,相交圆柱摆式波能装置往往比直板摆式波能装置的俘获效率更高;在研究范围内,轴间距比越大俘获效率越高;潮汐导致的水深变化对底铰摆式波能装置的俘获效率具有明显的影响,在工程应用中应采取适当的措施进行处理。     

水下量子通信的数值模拟及误码率分析

水下量子密钥分配可以为水下通信提供绝对安全的保密手段。本文采用蒙特卡洛方法,结合海水信道的光学性质和光子的量子特性模拟了光子在海水中的传输过程,研究其衰减和偏振特性,计算了接收到的光子数随接收端口径、视场角和传输距离的变化,从保真度的角度分析散射光的偏振变化情况,并结合背景光的影响分析了水下量子通信误码率。结果表明,水下量子通信理论上可以实现百米量级的安全通信。     

双包层多芯光子晶体光纤自相干合成的数值分析与实验

依据耦合模理论分析了双包层多芯光子晶体光纤的超模模场特性,通过倏逝波对7束光的相位调节,可实现相干合成,激光亮度得到很大提高.利用相干合成原理对双包层多芯光子晶体光纤的出射光相干功率密度进行了分析与测量,对此种结构的光子晶体光纤实现自相干合成提出了理论和实验依据.     

含单负特异材料一维无序扰动周期结构中的光子局域特性研究

采用传输矩阵法研究了电磁波在由单负特异材料组成的一维无序扰动周期结构中的Anderson局域(Anderson Localization)行为,分别讨论了色散和非色散两种模型.结果发现,在对应周期结构的通带位置,无序的引入对局域长度的影响较大,而在带隙位置,影响较小,几乎可以忽略.该性质与我们曾讨论的随机结构有较明显不同.导致这种局域性质的主要原因应为,光在单负材料组成的系统中的传输主要依赖于两种单负材料间的界面.在无序扰动结构中,该界面数相对于周期结构并没有减少,因此对光的传输性质影响较小;而随机结构中     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

A Review of Some Environmental Issues Affecting Marine Mining

This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.     

Increased Particle Fluxes at the INDEX Site Attributable to Simulated Benthic Disturbance

Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Determination of In Situ Sediment Shear Strength from Advanced Piston Corer Pullout Forces

The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.