高效多路直流开关电源

本文介绍一种新型的直流开关电源,该电源是一种直流电压输入,三种直流电压输出,并能够达到相当高的效率。这种电源适用于数字化设备的无人职守台站。本文也论述了实现的技术思路和达到的技术要求。     

Full moment tensor inversion constrained by double-couple focal mechanism for induced seismicity*

In this study, we propose a new method to determine full moment tensor solution for induced seismicity. This method generalizes the full waveform matching algorithm we have developed to determine the double-couple (DC) focal mechanism based on the neighbourhood algorithm. One major difference between the new method and the former one is that we adopt a new misfit function to constrain the candidate moment tensor solutions with respect to a reference DC solution in addition to other misfit terms characterizing the waveform matching. Through synthetic tests using a real passive seismic survey geometry, the results show the new constraint can help better recover the DC components of inverted moment tensors. We further investigate how errors in the velocity model and source location affect the moment tensor solution. The synthetic test results indicate that the constrained inversion is robust in recovering both the DC and non-DC components. We also test the proposed method on several real induced events in an oil/gas field in Oman using the same observation system as synthetic tests. While it is found that the full moment tensor solutions without using the DC constraints have much larger non-DC components than solutions with the DC constraints, both solutions are able to fit the observed waveforms at similar levels. The synthetic and real test results suggest the proposed DC constrained inversion method can reliably retrieve full moment tensor solutions for the induced seismicity.     

Somatom Plus全身CT定位床不能遥控的故障维修

本文描述了西门子ＳｏｎａｔｏｍＰｌｕｓ全身ＣＴ的定位床与左支架之间通讯联络的工作原理及其故障维修,还描述了用微机电源代替ＤＣ／ＤＣ转换器的方法。     

Long-Term Variations of Danube Delta Coastline

Water Resources - Ground (expedition) and remote (space-based) methods have been used to carry out detail studies of variations of Danube delta coastline (DC). The displacements of the DC (the...     

基于电流密度连续性条件的直流电阻率各向异性问题自适应有限元模拟

直流电阻率法被广泛应用在工程和环境及水文地球物理、野外采矿、地热探测等领域.地下岩石常具有层理面和裂缝等具有方向依赖性的结构,岩石电导率常常呈现各向异性特征,因此研究复杂直流电阻率各向异性问题的高精度正演算法具有迫切的理论和学术需求.本文利用面向目标的自适应有限元算法和非结构化网格相结合的方式,解决了带地形任意复杂直流电阻率各向异性问题的高精度正演这一难题.有别于前人的研究成果,本文提出了一种特别的二次虚拟场算法实现带源的任意起伏地形问题模拟;另外,本文第一次基于电流密度连续性条件构建适合直流电阻率各向异性问题的后验误差估计算法,有效地驱动面向目标有限元网格自适应加密过程.最后,通过三组电阻率各向异性模型验证本文提出算法的正确性和适应性,测试结果表明：对于任意复杂直流电阻率各向异性问题,本文提出的算法具有精度高、适应性强等特点;另外,我们还发现电流密度连续性条件可用于设计直流电阻率问题的有效后验误差估计算法.     

Three-dimensional distributed DC/IP method for altered tectonite-type gold ore deposits exploration: a case study of the Jiaojia gold metallogenic belt,Eastern China

To develop an effective method to identify ore-controlling faults, we studied the Jiaojia gold metallogenic belt, a most typical altered tectonite-type gold metallogenic belt in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China, and conducted experiments using the 3D distributed direct current-induced polarization (DC/IP) method. Firstly, we tested the ability of using 3D distributed DC/IP method to identify altered tectonite-type gold ore deposits by 3D synthetic modelling. We then collected real data of the Sizhuang gold deposit using the 3D distributed DC/IP method. The resistivity model obtained of this region is generally consistent with the known geological setting. Moreover, to obtain the information about the southern extension of the Jiaojia gold metallogenic belt, we conducted a 3D distributed DC/IP experiment in the Shijia area in the southern segment of the Jiaojia fault. The southern extension of the Jiaojia fault and tectonic evolution of shallow magma in this region were inferred from the 3D resistivity and chargeability models. Based on all the information above, we concluded that the 3D distributed DC/IP method has the advantages of 3D observations, high spatial resolution and great detection depth and will be one of the most effective methods for detecting altered tectonite-type gold ore deposits.     

福州八一水库-尚干断裂的高密度电法和瞬变电磁法试验探测

为了检验高密度电法和瞬变电磁法在城市活断层探测中的有效性 ,在福州市区及周围进行了试验探测① ,文中主要介绍对八一水库尚干断裂的探测结果。八一水库尚干断裂是一条穿过福州市区的主要断裂带 ,其主断裂在八一水库测区位于一条由新店通往古城的水泥马路东侧 ,在横向上表现为东西宽几十米的电阻率低异常带 ,在纵向上从盖层底部向下延伸到基底深处。试验表明 ,高密度电法和瞬变电磁法可以互相补充和验证 ,从而提高整体探测效果     

地震台站隔离式直流电源

在＂十一五＂新丰江数字地震台网的台站加密建设过程中,以AVR单片机为核心控制单元,设计了一套具有远程控制功能的隔离式直流电源,用于地震台站的设备供电,介绍了隔离式直流电源的系统特性、主要功能、系统架构及工作原理,重点阐述了该直流电源的隔离原理和功能实现,解决了野外仪器易受雷击的问题。     

ANSYS在直流电法正演中的应用

以点电源场为例,详细叙述了直流电法正演在ANSYS上的实现过程.通过正演模型ANSYS模拟解与理论值的对比分析,验证了应用ANSYS进行直流电法正演模拟的正确性.鉴于ANSYS强大的分析功能,快速、准确的模拟以及便于操作等优点,对ANSYS在地球物理正演中的应用的研究是有重大意义的.     

Forward modeling of marine DC resistivity method for a layered anisotropic earth

Since the ocean bottom is a sedimentary environment wherein stratification is well developed, the use of an anisotropic model is best for studying its geology. Beginning with Maxwell’s equations for an anisotropic model, we introduce scalar potentials based on the divergence-free characteristic of the electric and magnetic (EM) fields. We then continue the EM fields down into the deep earth and upward into the seawater and couple them at the ocean bottom to the transmitting source. By studying both the DC apparent resistivity curves and their polar plots, we can resolve the anisotropy of the ocean bottom. Forward modeling of a high-resistivity thin layer in an anisotropic half-space demonstrates that the marine DC resistivity method in shallow water is very sensitive to the resistive reservoir but is not influenced by airwaves. As such, it is very suitable for oil and gas exploration in shallowwater areas but, to date, most modeling algorithms for studying marine DC resistivity are based on isotropic models. In this paper, we investigate one-dimensional anisotropic forward modeling for marine DC resistivity method, prove the algorithm to have high accuracy, and thus provide a theoretical basis for 2D and 3D forward modeling.     

Higher-order statistics correlation stacking for DC electrical data in the wavelet domain

DC (direct current) electrical and shallow seismic methods are indispensable to the near surface geophysical exploration, but the near surface areas are very difficult environments for any geophysical exploration due to the random noise caused by near surface inhomogeneities. As a new algorithm based on higher-order statistics theory, the higher-order correlation stacking algorithm for seismic data smoothing in the wavelet domain has been developed and applied efficiently to filter some correlation noise that the conventional second-order correlation stacking could not inhibit. In this paper, this higher-order statistics correlation stacking technology is presented for DC electrical data in wavelet domain. Taking into account the single section and multiple section data, we present two new formulations of correlation stacking for DC electrical data. Synthetic examples with Gaussian noise are designed to analyze the overall efficiency of the new algorithm and to determine its efficacy. Meanwhile, comparison with the traditional least-squares optimization inversion method for field examples from electrical imaging surveys and time-domain IP measurement in China shows its significant advantages. The quality of the new algorithm also has been assessed by physical simulation experiments. This new technology in DC electrical exploration measurements provides a new application in engineering and mining investigation.     

地电阻率资料日常处理软件研制

地电阻率观测在地震前兆观测中具有重要的地位,大量的观测资料表明,多数中强地震前地电阻率出现了异常变化,而快速地发现、甄别地电阻率的变化是地震前兆信息还是干扰,高效率地做好地电阻率资料日常处理工作是前提。由此,依据地电阻率理论和有关规定,基于V isualC＋＋6.0平台,开发了一款关于ZDSB或ZD8B I地电仪产出的地电阻率资料日常处理软件,旨在介绍本软件算法的理论原理、设计思路及实现方法,并结合陇南中心地震台地电阻率观测资料给出了相应的应用实例。应用表明,研发的该软件可以将地电阻率资料日常处理工作系统化,将日常处理工作中大量繁杂的手工操作自动化,能及时地对资料的异常变化做出初步判定,快速地为地震预测部门提供依据。     

关于人工源极低频电磁波发射源的讨论——均匀空间交流点电流源的解

大功率人工源极低频电磁波（Control Source of Extremely Low Frequency method, CSELF）技术中,辐射天线由布设在高大地电阻率区的接地长导线源构成,通过接地点向大地注入数百安培的强电流.目前有关强电流在大地中的流动特性和分布规律,尚未完全弄清楚.本文提出一个新思路,将CSELF发射天线分解为两部分:交变的接地长导线源和接地处的交流点电流源,二者响应的叠加构成总场.本文重点讨论了均匀空间下交流点电流源的求解,对比研究了交流点电流源响应、直流点电流源响应之间的差异.结果表明,在小范围内（场源距几十、几百米以内）,均匀空间下交流点电流源场和直流源场差别较小,可相互近似,但在大范围内,交流点电流场比直流场的衰减要快得多.由于CSELF辐射天线跨度上百公里,场源距很大,其电流分布规律遵循交变场规则,不能近似为直流场.     

环工作面三维直流电阻率法研究及应用

本文在矿井直流电法理论基础上,推导环工作面三维直流电法测量深度公式,得到环工作面三维直流电法记录点坐标位置.基于以上理论,建立了环工作面三维直流电法异常体模型,分析了环工作面三维直流电法二极装置、三极装置、四极装置异常体响应特征,得出环工作面三维直流电法各装置敏感度低的主要原因是缺少必要的数据采集点.为了提高环工作面三维直流电法分辨率,最大限度增加工作面内侧的采集数据点.基于以上原因本文提出了对角偶极装置采集模式及多装置的数据叠加反演处理方法,以增加工作面内采集数据点,提高三维勘探的精度.本文通过某矿8802工作面底板富水性探查实例,说明该方法的有效性.     

Polar ionic conductivity profile in fair weather conditions. Terrestrial test of the Huygens/Hasi-PWA instrument aboard the Comas Sola balloon

The permittivity wave and altimetry (PWA) instrument is a part of the CASSINI/HUYGENS HASI experiment and was designed to determine the electrical parameters of the atmosphere of Titan in 2004. In December 1995, a balloon campaign was conducted in León, Spain, to test the HASI onboard hardware and software using a HUYGENS probe mock-up in an electromagnetic-disturbance-free environment (mainly from power emission lines at 50 Hz). This work is concerned with the measurements of small ion polar conductivities and DC fields using the PWA relaxation probes (RP). The two RP electrodes were periodically set to ±5 V relative to the conductive surface of the mock-up and allowed to discharge in the surrounding atmosphere. The polar components of conductivity are calculated from the discharge time, and the DC field from the floating potential differences once the electrodes reach equilibrium. In spite of some observed effects, such as mock-up charging or oscillations in the measurement of potential, the conductivity measurements are coherent and in good agreement with the obtained results in other experiments. The conductivity data were collected in ‘fair-weather’ conditions, up to 30 km during a 4-h flight, every 72 s, giving an altitude resolution better than 400 m. We also discuss the DC field data that do not lead, in presence of charging effects, to a straightforward measurement of the natural DC field. The Comas Solá balloon flight, first real test of the PWA experiment in the terrestrial atmosphere, confirmed the validity of the ionic conductivity measurements but raised the problem of a reliable interpretation of the DC field.     

天津轨道交通对地磁观测干扰的影响研究

直流牵引城市轨道交通系统在运行过程中产生的磁场对我国大城市周边地磁台站的观测数据产生较为严重的干扰.城市轨道交通运行过程中产生泄露电流是产生干扰的重要原因.本文以真空中的线电流磁场计算模型为基础,通过简化的远场磁场干扰模型对天津地铁轨道交通干扰进行理论建模.该模型计算简洁高效.通过对模型的数值模拟,获得了干扰随距离衰减...     

Simple relative space–time scaling of electrical and electromagnetic depth sounding arrays: implications for electrical static shift removal and joint DC-TEM data inversion with the most-squares criterion

A simple scaling relationship is shown to facilitate comparison, correlation and integration of data recorded using the common experimental configurations in electrical and electromagnetic depth sounding. Applications of the scheme to field data from typical geological and landfill environments show that it is robust and, where transient electromagnetic (TEM) data are available, enables easy identification and quantification of electrical static shift (galvanic distortion) in magnetotelluric and direct current (DC) sounding curves. TEM‐based procedures are suggested for both the direct removal of static shift in DC sounding curves and effective joint data inversion with the most‐squares criterion in the presence of static shift. A case study of aquifer characterization using sounding data from borehole sites in the Vale of York in England shows that static shift is a common problem in this glacial‐covered terrain and demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed joint DC‐TEM inversion strategy in handling distorted soundings.     

Appraisal of equivalence and suppression problems in 1D EM and DC measurements using global optimization and joint inversion*

Global optimization with very fast simulated annealing (VFSA) in association with joint inversion is performed for 1D earth structures. The inherent problems of equivalence and suppression in electromagnetic (EM) and direct current (DC) resistivity methods are studied. Synthetic phase data from multifrequency sounding using a horizontal coplanar coil system and synthetic apparent resistivity data from Schlumberger DC resistivity measurements are inverted individually and jointly over different types of layered earth structures. Noisy data are also inverted. The study reveals that global optimization of individual data sets cannot solve inherent equivalence or suppression problems. Joint inversion of EM and DC measurements can overcome the problem of equivalence very well. However, a suppression problem cannot be solved even after combination of data sets. This study reveals that the K-type earth structure is easiest to resolve while the A-type is the most difficult. We also conclude that the equivalence associated with a thin resistive layer can be resolved better than that for a thin conducting layer.     

高压直流输电对山东地磁观测影响的预处理优化分析

宁东至山东±660 kV直流输电示范工程的试验和运行,对山东很多台站地磁观测造成影响.就此分析高压直流对地磁观测的影响机制,计算影响幅度,提出地磁预处理方法（如曲线形态的对比、识别干扰的原则、干扰幅度的确定的原则等）,为直流输电影响全国地磁观测问题提供解决思路.     

震电勘探方法在大庆油田的实验研究

为检验前苏联和美国提出的某些震电勘探方法的实用性,在大庆开展了震电勘探方法实验,包括直流电场对地震波的影响以及地震波与电磁波的相互激发。实验是通过自制的电场前置放大器和已有的商用仪器在野外进行的。实验发现,在１０Ａ直流电场环境下,地震叠前炮记录上反射同相轴连续性变好,接收到第一类震电效应所引起的伴随电场和转换电磁波,这对震电勘探在大庆的进一步应用具有重要意义。