用表层漂流浮标对海上溢油实时跟踪和监测的方法

一种适用于近海使用的表层漂流浮标,利用GPS定位,通过GSM/CDMA网络传输数据,是一种准确实时、成本低廉的环境监测和海流、污染跟踪工具。文章介绍几种溢油跟踪监测方法和特点、表层漂流浮标的设计及其在溢油漂移轨迹跟踪中应用的特点。     

实时GPS精密卫星钟差估计及实时精密单点定位

研究了GPS实时精密卫星钟差的估计方法,并将实时钟差应用于实时精密单点定位。采用自编软件,依据全球均匀分布的IGS参考站实测数据,基于非差消电离层组合载波和伪距观测量实现了GPS实时精密卫星钟差估计。试验结果表明,自主估计的实时卫星钟差与IGS发布的最终精密钟差具有较好一致性,互差优于0.2ns;用于实时精密单点定位,能够获得静态定位1~2cm、仿动态定位厘米级精度。     

精密单点定位技术在海上工程中的应用

结合海上科研工程实践,对GPS精密单点定位模型及数据处理方法进行研究,并采取陆上静动态定位和海上动态定位试验进行了精密单点定位精度统计和分析。结果表明:在超出常规差分定位基线长度限制的广阔海域,采用精密单点定位技术可实现亚米级实时动态定位,为海上高精度实时动态定位应用提供了技术依据。     

海洋测绘中的GPS卫星定位问题

GPS卫星定位技术,是开展海洋综合测绘的一种高效手段;如何在海洋测绘中充分发挥GPS技术精确快速定位的特长,是值得我们认真研究的重大课题。为此,本文较详细地论述了以下几个问题。1.根据边长和动静定位需要,选购适宜的GPS信号接收机;2.从海洋国土整体着眼,精心设计GPS海洋定位网的全网结构;为便于评定GPS数据质量,宜采用闭合环路式结构;3.正视SA技术对实时定位精度的损失,运用求差法削弱SA技术的影响。     

RTKGPS在钻井平台对接定位引导中的应用

RTK GPS的主要功用是进行相对定位,移动台之间以及其与基站间的基线向量具有很高精度和稳定性。讨论了由RTK GPS组成的定位引导系统的组成及工作原理,并给出基线长和方位的求解公式,用以取代传统的海上光学交会测量,为海上对接工程提供更加方便快捷、稳定可靠和实时的高精度测量和定位引导,确保对接工程作业安全。     

近海环境的BDS/GPS差分及PPP定位性能评估

基于远海测量试验,利用精密单点定位(PPP)技术和单站差分技术进行事后和实时定位,分别利用单BDS、GPS和BDS/GPS组合进行定位试验,对定位精度和算法可靠性进行分析。研究表明单站差分技术在海上中短基线(≤150 km)的定位中相比PPP技术具有更高的精度和技术可靠性,另外相比GPS,BDS更适合国内近海的导航定位作业,双频观测条件下能实现亚分米级的定位精度。该研究对海上定位理论和BDS的推广应用具有借鉴意义。     

物流监控系统的设计与实现

有效集成全球定位系统(GPS)、地理信息系统(G IS)和全球移动通信系统(GSM)三种技术,设计并实现了一个小型的物流车辆实时监控系统,详细分析了该系统的主要功能模块和系统实际运行情况。     

山东省GPS/MET实时监控报警系统

为了有效监控山东省气象部门GPS/MET数据的传输情况,及时发现资料传输异常情况并报警,开发了山东省GPS/MET资料实时监控报警系统。介绍了系统的设计思路、结构模型、流程图等。该系统结合实际工作及应用需求开发,可实现实时监控、文件查询、数据库查询等功能。     

远距离实时差分GPS的精度和作用距离

根据我队3年多来对实时差分GPS在海洋测量工作收集到的资料,分析了差分GPS在远程传输中的精度及作用距离,为今后海洋测量提供了较可靠、有实用价值的依据。     

基于MapX的GPS位置信息实时标注系统

随着导航技术的发展,将GPS与GIS进行集成化开发,在电子地图中实时地标注GPS的位置等信息成为人们关注的热点。以MapX控件为图形平台,SerialPort控件为通信接口,在C#.net 2005环境下开发了一个小型GIS。针对GPS与GIS集成中的关键技术进行了研究,即GPS信号的接收和处理、GPS地理位置信息的实时显示。     

About the correlation between the distribution of the azooxantellate scleractinian corals and the abundance of the zooplankton in the surface waters

The correlation between the azooxantellate scleractinian coral distribution and the abundance of the zooplankton in the Atlantic Ocean is discussed. The analysis is based on a dataset of 943 specimens (82 species) sampled at 87 stations that were performed during the scientific cruises of Russian research vessels in the Atlantic. The hypothesis concerning if the coral biodiversity and population density correlate with the zooplankton abundance was tested. The relationships between these parameters are contradictory. High coral biodiversity and population density were registered for the areas of low and average zooplankton abundance in the surface waters.     

美国加入《联合国海洋法公约》问题

1982年第三次联合国海洋法会议产生了《联合国海洋法公约》,美国积极参与并主导了该《公约》的整个谈判过程,对《公约》大部分条款持支持态度,但最终却没有签署《公约》,其原因主要在于它反对《公约》第十一部分关于深海采矿的规定。1994年《执行(公约)第十一部分的协定》对《公约》中与深海采矿有关的部分进行了实质性修改,满足了美国的利益和要求,但美国国内对《公约》还存在其他一些反对意见。目前美国国内各界支持加入《公约》的呼声日益高涨,美国正在积极考虑加入《公约》。     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

黄河入海径流对河口海域盐度影响研究

为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明：黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km²,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km²;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。     

加快渔业结构调整 促进海洋经济发展

射阳县位于江苏沿海中部，东临黄海，拥有海岸线长１０９ｋｍ，滩涂面积７万ｈａ，是江苏省渔业生产重点县之一。“九五”期间，射阳县把发展海洋渔业作为全县经济新的增长点来抓，不断加大开发力度，稳定提高捕捞业，全力突破养殖业，积极发展水产品加工业，取得显著成效，已成为海洋经济发展的先导产业和支柱产业，全县现有各类捕捞船只２０５８艘，总功率为７万多千瓦，海水养殖面积１万多公顷，育苗水体６５万ｍ３，水产品加工库容４０００余吨，年产各类海产品达５５万多吨。然而，在当前近海主要经济鱼类资源急剧衰退，伏季休渔期…     

On the peculiarity of the sound channel on the shelf of the North-European basin

Analysis of the sections traversing the polar hydrological front on the shelf of the North-European basin has enabled us to reveal the areas limited by closed isotaches of the sound velocity existing in the interfrontal zone at depths of 50–150 m. These areas represent the closed waveguide which has the property of an underwater sound channel.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

On the Relationship between the Characteristics of the Annual Variations of the Virtual Height of the Ionospheric Sporadic E Layer with the Seasonal Rearrangements of the Stratomesospheric Circulation

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1...     

A study on the polyculture of the algae, the shrimp and the crab

A study was made on the polyculture of the red algae Gracilaria tenuistipitata Chang et Xia f. Liui Zhang et Xia, f. nov. , the shrimp Penaeus penicillatus Alcock and the mud crab Scylla serrata (Forskal) . The photosynthesis of the algae produces the oxygen on which the shrimp and the crab breathe. The algae are the reproductive place of the organism for the food of the shrimp and the carb, also is the shelter of the shrimp and the crab. The shrimp and the crab regard the algae as the vegetable     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.