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吉林中部水资源决策支持系统是一个对水资源数据、信息进行有效管理。对水资源图形图像进行管理与编辑功能的综合型系统。宏观经济水资源多目标规划模型作为其模型库的重要组成部分。采用区域水资源经济净效益的最大化及各部门用水费用最小化作为目标函数。以区域地下水可开采量及地表水可利用量作为约束条件。通过程序语言实现了对建模及参数调整的简化。通过对运筹学软件LINDO的系统集成。实现了对模型的求解。所得到的结果为水资源量在社会各部门的最优分配方案。不仅实现了水资源合理调配的目的。也使决策者在较短时间内解决水资源多目标规划问题成为了可能。 相似文献
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吉林中部水资源管理决策支持系统是以可视化编程语言Visual Basic为基础,结合Access数据库,可调用的GIS控件组MapObject而开发的。实现了数据、文件的管理功能,图形图像的管理与编辑功能。以区域水资源经济净效益的最大化为目标函数,建立了多目标规划模型,调用运筹学软件LINDO进行求解,得到水资源利用的最佳方案,实现了水资源合理调配的目的,使决策者在较短时间内解决水资源多目标规划问题成为了可能。 相似文献
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内蒙古中西部区域发展与水资源合理配置的多目标分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
结合内蒙古西部地区在社会经济发展进程中出现的生态环境恶化及水资源未充分合理利用的现实问题,建立了该区域基于水资源开发利用的宏观经济及生态系统的多目标模型.在多目标优化预测中,利用天然草场的载畜量为传递因子,拟定包含生态质量信息的"绿色净面积"为目标变量之一,宏观的刻画了牧区草原生态与经济的相互作用过程.模型研究了节水力度、区外工程投资力度、草原载畜量、供水工程规划等4个可决策边界条件的不同方案对区域可持续发展的驱动和影响.在牧区发展策略方面,模型计算出不同边界条件下的最佳减畜速率.通过天然草原生态系统服务价值和模型目标变量接口的计算,进一步支持了模型优化所得的减畜方案. 相似文献
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水分胁迫条件下稻田优化灌溉制度的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文通过对非充分灌溉条件下水稻优化灌溉制度如何制定进行了研究。其特点是将作物产量模型与耗水规律模型相结合,以相对产量最高为目标函数,建立了优化决策系统,并利用多目标规划进行求解。该研究成果可使有限的水量在作物生育期内发挥最大的效率,对优化配置水资源,实现农业高效用水具有重要作用。实例研究结果说明,所建模型及求解方法是合理与可行的,不但提高了水分利用效率,还为查哈阳灌区水资源的优化利用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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本文全面阐述了水资源配置的任务、目标、含义以及一般水资源配置情形,以最严格水资源管理为基础解析了约束条件选取以及水资源配置目标设定受"三条红线"、"三项制度"的影响作用.以丹东市大洋河流域为例,以2025年为规划年、2020年为基准年,通过建立和求解大洋河水资源配置模型,深入对比了一般情形和最严格水资源管理下水资源配置... 相似文献
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流域科学研究中的观测和模型系统建设 总被引:6,自引:5,他引:1
流域是地球系统的缩微,是自然界的基本单元。流域科学从基础研究角度可以被看作是地球系统科学研究方法在流域尺度上的具体体现;从流域综合管理的应用角度看,流域科学是在流域尺度上通过对自然资源和人类活动的优化配置而为可持续发展服务的应用科学。流域观测系统和模型系统的建设是发展流域科学的前提。提出了建立遥感—地面观测一体化的、覆盖流域能水和生物化学循环及社会经济活动的流域观测系统的设想,规划了系统各组成部分,以高效、高分辨率、高精度、多尺度、集成和现代化为流域观测系统的基本衡量准则。流域模型系统可概括为“水—土—气—生—人”集成模型的发展,[JP2]应该科学目标和流域管理目标并重,既要发展具有综合模拟能力的流域集成模型,也要建成流域水土资源和社会经济资源可持续利用决策支持系统。流域集成模型应由分布式水文模型、陆面过程模型、地下水模型、渠系模型、动态植被模型和社会经济模型构成。 相似文献
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综合研究了跨境水资源分配的特点、目标、模式、原则、指标体系和影响等因素:①对近10年来跨境水资源分配的研究进行了总结,归纳出新的发展趋势;②从自然和国际法两方面属性分析跨境水资源的特点,判识跨境水分配的核心问题和难点;③系统地分析了全局分配、项目分配和流域整体规划分配等分水模式;④在分析跨境水资源的分配原则基础上,提出了分水技术指标体系,并探讨了其影响因数和主要指标的确定;⑤结合这些研究,对我国的跨境水资源分配,提出了相关建议。 相似文献
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西南岩溶地区是中国重要的生态敏感区,生态地质环境较脆弱,在该类地区探索资源与环境的协调发展,是促进区域可持续发展之路。以乌蒙山集中连片扶贫区中的毕节市七星关区为评价试点,查明了区域地质资源环境现状,探索构建了适用于乌蒙山典型地区的地质资源环境承载能力评价指标体系。评价发现:①七星关区地质资源承载能力总体较强,但空间分布不均;②该地区水土环境承载能力总体较高,但七星关区城区、鸭池镇、清水铺镇等局部地区存在一定的水土环境污染,导致水土环境承载能力较低;③区域地质安全承载能力以中等-较强为主,城区近郊的朱昌和小项地区地质安全承载能力强,是进行城市规划和工程建设的有利地区。评价结果可为区域国土空间规划及"三区三线"划定提供地质依据。 相似文献
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Xianglian Li Xiusheng Yang Qiong Gao Yu Li Suocheng Dong 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2009,3(2):198-207
This study presents a basin-scale integrative hydrological, ecological, and economic (HEE) modeling system, aimed at evaluating
the impact of resources management, especially agricultural water resources management, on the sustainability of regional
water resources. The hydrological model in the modeling system was adapted from SWAT, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool,
to simulate the water balance in terms of soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and streamflow. An ecological model was integrated
into the hydrological model to compute the ecosystem production of biomass production and yield for different land use types.
The economic model estimated the monetary values of crop production and water productivity over irrigated areas. The modeling
system was primarily integrated and run on a Windows platform and was able to produce simulation results at daily time steps
with a spatial resolution of hydrological response unit (HRU). The modeling system was then calibrated over the period from
1983 to 1991 for the upper and middle parts of the Yellow River basin, China. Calibration results showed that the efficiencies
of the modeling system in simulating monthly streamflow over 5 hydrological stations were from 0.54 to 0.68 with an average
of 0.64, indicating an acceptable calibration. Preliminary simulation results from 1986 to 1995 revealed that water use in
the study region has largely reduced the streamflow in many parts of the area except for that in the riverhead. Spatial distribution
of biomass production, and crop yield showed a strong impact of irrigation on agricultural production. Water productivity
over irrigated cropland ranged from 1 to 1640 USD/(ha·mm−1), indicating a wide variation of the production conditions within the study region and a great potential in promoting water
use efficiency in low water productivity areas. Generally, simulation results from this study indicated that the modeling
system was capable of tracking the temporal and spatial variability of pertinent water balance variables, ecosystem dynamics,
and regional economy, and provided a useful simulation tool in evaluating long-term water resources management strategies
in a basin scale. 相似文献
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Numerical analysis of the groundwater regime in the western Dead Sea escarpment, Israel + West Bank 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Agnes Gräbe Tino Rödiger Karsten Rink Thomas Fischer Feng Sun Wenqing Wang Christian Siebert Olaf Kolditz 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(2):571-585
Water is scarce in the semi-arid to arid regions around the Dead Sea, where water supply mostly relies on restricted groundwater resources. Due to increasing population in this region, the regional aquifer system is exposed to additional stress. This results in the continuous decrease in water level of the adjacent Dead Sea. The interaction of an increasing demand for water due to population growth and the decrease of groundwater resources will intensify in the near future. Thus, the water supply situation could worsen significantly unless sustainable water resource management is conducted. In this study, we develop a regional groundwater flow model of the eastern and southern Judea Group Aquifer to investigate the groundwater regime in the western Dead Sea drainage basin of Israel and the West Bank. An extensive geological database was developed and consequently a high-resolution structural model was derived. This structural model was the basis for various groundwater flow scenarios. The objective was to capture the spatial heterogeneity of the aquifer system and to apply these results to the southern part of the study area, which has not been studied in detail until now. As a result we analyzed quantitatively the flow regime, the groundwater mass balance and the hydraulic characteristics (hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic head) of the cretaceous aquifer system and calibrated them with PEST. The calibrated groundwater flow model can be used for integrated groundwater water management purposes in the Dead Sea area, especially within the framework of the SUMAR-Project. 相似文献
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Generally, an aquifer system coupled into a groundwater management model was regarded as a linear system. However, in terms of systems analysis, the aquifer system can be proven to be an incremental linear system rather than a linear system. For example, a confined aquifer system can be decomposed into two parts, one of which is a linear time invariability sub-system and another is a zero-input response. This system does not meet the additivity property of linear system, but satisfies the incremental linear system characteristics. In order to better understand, a case study of water resources management of Huaibei city within semiarid region, north Anhui province of China, is cited. Taking into account the water demand for satisfying the urban development in the next 15 years, three planning target years of water resources are preset as the present (2005), the short term (2010) and the long term (2020), respectively, and four hydrological years (e.g., wet year, mean year, dry year, and extremely dry year) are also defined by the rainfall data of many years. A groundwater management model based on linear programming is established. This model can deal with 12 possible scenarios (3 target years × 4 hydrological years), optimize the strategies of water resources development, integrate various kinds of water sources (e.g., groundwater, surface–water and additional water) and meet the water demand for the urban development of Huaibei city. In accordance with the groundwater management model solutions, the problem of groundwater drawdown funnels (groundwater overextraction funnels) which formed within the Huaibei downtown area for many years and led to some environmental and social issues will be solved over the whole planning period. More importantly, through statistically analyzing the model solutions, the relationships between the groundwater pumping (input signals) and groundwater level recovery (output signals) show up the characteristics of the incremental linear system. 相似文献