乌石凹陷流沙港组储层特征与有利储层分布

乌石凹陷东区主要储层流二段、流三段分别发育三角洲和扇三角洲相沉积储层,储层物性包括高渗、中渗及低渗,非均质性强,产能差异大.采用常规物性、测井解释、岩石薄片与镜质体反射率、全岩/黏土X线衍射等方法,分析储层特征,根据沉积作用、成岩作用等探讨流二段、流三段储层非均质性主控因素.结果表明,沉积相带及分选性差异是流三段储层非均质性主控因素,较远源区分选性好的水下分流河道发育有利储层;沉积相带及压实作用是流二段储层非均质性主控因素,北部弱压实区为最有利储层,其次为中部的中等压实区,第三为南部的近强压实区.该结果为乌石凹陷流沙港组整体评价与目标优选提供地质依据.     

叠前同时反演在低孔低渗型砂岩储层预测及含气性检测中的应用

四川盆地上三叠统须家河组地层是天然气勘探的重点目标,其中广安地区须六段储层属于低孔低渗型砂岩储层,其横向变化快,非均质性强,储层预测和含气性检测难度大。通过模型正演技术分析低孔低渗型砂岩储层的地震反射特征,利用测井数据进行交会图分析,得出纵波阻抗与横波阻抗联合应用是预测低孔低渗型砂岩储层的有效方法,LamdaRho弹性参数是进行储层含气性检测的敏感参数。在四川盆地广安地区利用叠前同时反演技术对低孔低渗型砂岩储层及其含气性进行了预测,确定了四川盆地广安地区须家河组须六下亚段气藏是上倾方向为断层遮挡、受储层发育控制的构造-岩性复合气藏。      

塔中区块成膜封缝堵气钻井液体系

塔中区块奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝型储层气侵严 重、溢 流 频 发、循环排气时间长和井控难度大等问题长期以来阻碍了该区块的顺利钻探和高效开发,而气侵是导致诸多钻井事故的根本原因。为了有效防治和减缓气侵,通过塔中区块奥陶系储层的地质特征分析和室内砂床实验、静 态 承 压 实 验、电 镜 扫 描（ＳＥＭ）实 验、配伍性实验和动态污染评价实验,研制出了一套封缝堵气效果好、承压能力强的成膜封缝堵气钻井液体系,体系配方为井浆＋２％
～３％ ＣＹ－１＋３％～４％ 木 质纤 维 素 ＋３％ ～４％ＧＺＤ,该体系的正向承压能力高达８ ＭＰａ,反向承压能力高达１ ＭＰａ,抗温性高达１８０℃以上,在８ ＭＰａ的驱替压力下漏失量小于１０ｍＬ。除 此之 外,该体系具有较好的配伍性、滤失性和流变性,为塔中区块奥陶系碳酸盐岩裂缝性储层的安全钻井提供了技术指导。      

裂缝性油藏离散裂缝网络模型

与常规碎屑岩储层相比,裂缝性油藏储层非均质性强,表征单元体尺度大,难以用等效连续模型表征,而离散裂缝网络模型可以描述储层任意尺度上的非均质性.从裂缝性储层识别预测技术、建模方法、模型应用等方面对离散裂缝网络模型进行分析,指出其发展趋势依赖3方面技术:(1)在储层识别和预测技术方面,需建立裂缝产状、长度、开度等属性的识别...     

济南北部地热田地热地质特征浅析

济南北部地热田地热资源类型属于层状裂隙岩溶型,热源是北部齐河-广饶断裂的沟通导热,盖层是第四系、新近系、石炭-二叠系、侏罗系.可利用的、具有开发价值的热储层为奥陶系灰岩热储,该热储层顶板埋深在700～2500m左右,热储层厚度由南向北逐渐增大,单井涌水量2000m3/d左右,孔口水温一般在38～57℃,地热田东部地热水矿化度1.4～3.5g/L左右,西部5.1～7.2g/L左右,地热水中富含氟、锶、偏硅酸等微量元素,具腐蚀性,结垢性弱,具较好的开发利用价值.经计算奥陶系热储层单井可采资源量为7.3×105m3/a,合理井间距为5000m.     

火山碎屑岩储层特征及敏感性——以塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷为例

为了研究火山碎屑岩的储层特征及储层敏感性机理,以塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷铜钵庙组)南屯组火山碎屑岩为对象,运用普通薄片、铸体薄片和扫描电镜等技术,结合储层敏感性实验资料,根据《储层敏感性流动实验评价方法》(SY/T5358-2002),分析火山碎屑岩储层特征及其水敏、盐敏、速敏、碱敏、酸敏的特征和形成机理.结果表明:岩石类型包括凝灰岩、沉凝灰岩和凝灰质砂(砾)岩,主要敏感性黏土矿物有蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石和伊/蒙混层,属于中低孔特低渗型储层;水敏性强弱与岩石类型关系密切,凝灰质砂(砾)岩水敏为中等偏强)强,凝灰岩和沉凝灰岩水敏为中等偏弱)中等偏强;盐敏程度绝大多数为中等偏强,临界盐度为5.126g/L;速敏为中等偏弱)弱速敏;碱敏为中等偏弱)中等偏强碱敏,临界碱度为7.43;酸敏程度范围较广;水敏程度与黏土矿物总量呈正相关;酸敏程度主要受绿泥石含量影响,酸敏指数与绿泥石含量呈正相关.该研究可为火山碎屑岩油气勘探提供借鉴.     

基于不同地质模式下稠油油藏变速驱波及规律实验研究

南海东部海相砂岩稠油油藏普遍具有胶结疏松、强底水、隔夹层分布复杂、采出程度低等特点,现有的常规水驱油实验无法准确描述稠油单井波及规律。基于PY油田稠油地质油藏特征,设计了改进的底水平板水驱物理模拟实验,考虑储层韵律、隔夹层发育规模以及提液时机,综合研究单井的波及规律和稠油采出程度。实验结果表明:①均质韵律和正韵律储层发育隔夹层,将原来的底水驱动变为次生边水驱动,发育隔夹层井距越长,对底水锥进抑制作用越强,同时,受重力分异作用,多次控幅提液后,可将下部过渡带、中上部中、小孔喉内以及隔夹层附近的剩余油受效驱替出来,能提高单井波及系数。其中,特高含水期采取4级变速控幅提液后波及系数总体可提高34.1%~54.9%;Z1680均质韵律储层和Z1610正韵律储层通过多次控幅提液,实际日产油提高至提液前2~3倍,生产效果良好。②对于极差为5~10的反韵律储层,顶底部渗透性差异大,易在顶部形成高渗通道,层内隔夹层发育长度和提液方式变化,对波及范围影响不大,Z1640反韵律储层通过多次控幅提液,生产效果变化不明显。研究成果可为不同地质模式稠油油藏产液结构优化以及提液方式制定提供解决方案。      

分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定环境水样中间甲苯酚

针对环境中痕量的间甲苯酚用一般仪器很难直接分析测定的问题,提出将分散液液微萃取技术与气相色谱联用测定环境水样中间甲苯酚的新方法.实验考察了影响分散液液微萃取效率的因素,包括萃取剂种类和用量、分散剂种类和用量、萃取时间、离心时间和盐度等,确定了最佳萃取条件为:200μL氯苯(萃取剂)和2.5mL丙酮(分散剂)混匀后,快速注入水样,室温静置8min,以3000r/min离心8min,吸取1μL沉积相进行气相色谱分析.实验结果为:在最佳的萃取条件下,间甲苯酚的富集倍数为98.7倍,方法的线性范围为0.05～ 50mg/L,检出限为4.2μg/L(S/N=3),相对标准偏差为5.64％.将方法用于实际水样的测定,水样的加标回收率在86％～122％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.3％～7.3％(n=3),实验表明该方法操作简便快速、成本低、环境友好,可用于实际水样的测定.     

分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定环境水样中间甲苯酚

针对环境中痕量的间甲苯酚用一般仪器很难直接分析测定的问题,提出将分散液液微萃取技术与气相色谱联用测定环境水样中间甲苯酚的新方法.实验考察了影响分散液液微萃取效率的因素,包括萃取剂种类和用量、分散剂种类和用量、萃取时间、离心时间和盐度等,确定了最佳萃取条件为:200μL氯苯(萃取剂)和2.5mL丙酮(分散剂)混匀后,快速注入水样,室温静置8min,以3000r/min离心8rain,吸取1μL沉积相进行气相色谱分析.实验结果为:在最佳的萃取条件下,间甲苯酚的富集倍数为98.7倍,方法的线性范围为0.05～50mg/L,检出限为4.2μg/L(S/N=3),相对标准偏差为5.64％.将方法用于实际水样的测定,水样的加标回收率在86％～～122％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.3％～7.3％(n=3),实验表明该方法操作简便快速、成本低、环境友好,可用于实际水样的测定.     

克拉通盆地盆缘致密气藏封堵模式: 以鄂尔多斯盆地北缘杭锦旗地区盒1段为例

克拉通盆地大面积致密砂岩气藏边界带上的气水分布往往远比盆地内部复杂, 圈闭类型多样, 气藏上倾方向封堵模式尚存在争议。本研究以鄂尔多斯盆地北缘杭锦旗地区二叠系盒1段气藏为例, 对比分析不同区带典型河道砂体厚度、岩相组合、砂体叠置关系、储层物性及横向宏观非均质性等多因素差异分布特征及其对气藏分布的控制作用, 最终建立杭锦旗地区不同构造带内盒1段气藏封堵模式。研究表明, 研究区自西向东发育3种河道沉积模式, 分别是西部缓坡区浅水辫状河模式、中部陡坡区冲积扇-辫状河模式、东部深水道模式, 3种沉积模式控制了河道上倾方向储层宏观非均质性差异, 这种宏观非均质性变化是研究区致密砂岩气藏上倾方向封堵的主控因素。根据研究区上倾方向储层变化与圈闭类型关系, 划分了3种天然气封堵模式: 西部缓坡区岩性封堵模式、中部陡坡区地层-岩性封堵模式、东部岩性-构造过渡封堵模式。3种天然气封堵模式构成了鄂北盆缘盒1段大面积天然气连续成藏区的边界, 同时控制了不同类型圈闭分布与天然气富集。      

下寺湾地区延长组长7陆相页岩气储层敏感性实验

利用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜、氮气吸附、岩心驱替实验等技术方法对鄂尔多斯盆地下寺湾地区延长组长7陆相页岩气储层进行了敏感性实验研究。结果表明,储层具中等偏弱或弱的盐敏、水敏和碱敏,弱-无酸敏,中等偏强或强的应力敏感特征,矿物组分、储层物性及储层微孔结构是影响储层敏感性的主要因素。考虑到页岩储层的特殊性,在敏感性实验中对部分关键实验技术的条件和方法进行了改进:①将压汞法毛管压力曲线与氮气吸附法BJH函数孔径分布曲线资料结合,拼接出完整的孔喉分布曲线图;②敏感性实验的样品除油采用常规洗油与高温(150~200℃)烘烤方法结合;③采用了目前最适合页岩气储层敏感性实验的脉冲气体渗透率仪,用气体驱替法代替常规液相驱替法,获取敏感性实验前后的渗透率值。通过一系列改进后的敏感性实验,取得了符合泥页岩储层特性的敏感性数据,达到了本次实验的目的和要求。      

Research on compound plugging removal technology and its application in Xinmu oilfield of Jilin

Most fault-block reservoirs in Xinmu oilfield belong to heterogeneous sandstone in characters which has low permeability, and reservoir pollution is a common phenomenon in this area. Acidizing deplugging in oil wells has become one of the major measures to improve production efficiency in the field. A compound deplugging technology in high efficiency low corrosion is developed for this kind of low permeability sandstone reservoir. On the basis of profoundly understanding of the reservoir’s physical properties and sensitivity, along with comprehensive analysis of the cause for jams in oil wells, a series of experiments are carried out in order to investigate the dissolution reaction among samples and deplugging inhibitor, sample dissolving speed, formation fluid compatibility, reduction of secondary pollution, etc. Considered reservoir condition in nearby wells the optimized compositional deplugging liquid formula is selected for this reservoir. It is featured by reducing the deplugging reaction speed, extending solution for processing radius, preventing secondary damage in dissolution processing, and removing plug pollution effectively. To implement this high efficiency low corrosion deplugging measure based on reservoir condition in the borehole and nearby wells, a relatively better result of deplugging and production increasing is achieved, which enriches the measures to increase production in Xinmu oilfield, and this method can be applied to other similar oilfields for the purpose of maintaining the crude oil production and providing assistant for increasing the production significantly.     

Geologic Features of Wangjiatun Deep Gas Reservoirs of Volcanic Rock in Songliao Basin

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Geologic Features of Wangjiatun Deep Gas Reservoirs of Volcanic Rock in Songliao Basin

Wangjiatun gas pool is located at the north part of Xujiaweizi in Songliao basin. Commercial gas flow has been found in the intermediate and acid volcanic rock of upper Jurassic - lower Cretaceous, which makes a breakthrough in deep nature gas prospecting in Songliao basin. The deep natural gas entrapment regularity is discussed in the paper by the study of deep strata, structure and reservoir. Andesite, rhyolite and little pyroclastic rock are the main reservoirs. There are two types of volcanic reservoir space assemblage in this area: the pore and fissure and the pure fissure. Changes had taken place for volcanic reservoir space during long geologic time, which was controlled by tectonic movement and geologic environment.The developed degree of reservoir space was controlled by tectonic movement, weathering and filtering, corrosion and Filling. There are three types of source- reservoir-caprock assemblage in this area: lower source- upper reservoir model,upper source - lower reservoir model and lateral change model. Mudstone in Dengluoku formation and the compacted volcanic rock of upper Jurassic - lower Cretaceous are the caprock for deep gas reservoirs. Dark mudstone of deep lacustrine facies in Shahezi formation and lower part of Dengluoku formation are the source rock of deep gas. It can be concluded that deep gas pools are mainly volcanic lithologic reservoirs.     

鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油气藏形成研究现状与展望

鄂尔多斯盆地是中国规模最大的低渗透油气资源勘探与开发基地,其低渗透油气藏具有油层物性差、非均质性强、油藏成藏因素复杂、油藏分布受多种因素联合控制等特点.在回顾鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油气藏成藏理论研究和勘探历史经验基础上,认为目前鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油气藏成藏研究存在两大理论体系,即沉积学控制成藏理论和运移动力学控制成藏理论,...     

3D seismic analysis of the gas hydrate system and the fluid migration paths in part of the Niger Delta Basin,Nigeria

Comprehensive qualitative and semi-quantitative seismic analysis was carried out on 3-dimensional seismic data acquired in the deepwater compressional and shale diapiric zone of the Niger Delta Basin using an advanced seismic imaging tool. The main aim of this work is to obtain an understanding of the forming mechanism of the gas hydrate system, and the fluid migration paths associated with this part of the basin. The results showed the presence of pockmarks on the seafloor and bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) in the field, indicating the active fluid flux and existence of gas hydrate system in the area. In the area of approximately 195 km² occupying nearly 24% of the entire study field, three major zones with continuous or discontinuous BSRs of 3 to 7 km in length which are in the northeastern, southern and eastern part of the field respectively were delineated. The BSR is interpreted to be the transition between the free gas zone and the gas hydrate zone. The geologic structures including faults (strike-slip and normal faults), chimneys and diapirs were deduced to be the main conduits for gas migration. It is concluded that the biogenic gases generated in the basin were possibly transported via faults and chimneys by advection processes and subsequently accumulated under low temperature and high pressure conditions in the free gas zone below the BSR forming gas hydrate. A plausible explanation for the presence of the ubiquitous pockmarks of different diameters and sizes in the area is the transportation of the excessive gas to the seafloor through these mapped geologic structures.     

温压条件对非饱和低渗透砂岩中CH4突破压力影响的实验研究

突破压力在气藏开采和盖层封闭性评价中起着重要的作用。为模拟地层温度压力变化对低渗透性砂岩中CH₄突破压力的影响,采用逐步法对取自鄂尔多斯盆地早二叠世非饱和低渗透砂岩,进行了不同温压组合条件下的CH₄突破压力实验。结果表明:随着温度或压力的升高,CH₄突破压力和突破时间均呈下降趋势,且压力变化对CH₄突破过程的影响更加显著。分析发现,温度压力对CH₄突破压力的影响,是由于温压变化改变了界面张力和接触角的大小,进而控制突破压力的大小;另外,突破压力随着两相黏度比的增大而减小,且温度压力越高,黏度比对突破压力的影响越小。因此,实验温压范围内,对于非饱和低渗透砂岩储层,温度和压力越高越有利于气藏开采;对于非饱和低渗透砂岩盖层,温度和压力越低,盖层封闭性越好且越安全。      

重力滑脱构造差异性及其对油气成藏影响分析:以下刚果-刚果扇、尼日尔三角洲盆地对比分析为例

重力滑脱构造是大西洋两岸被动大陆边缘盆地普遍发育的一种构造样式，南大西洋两岸整体发育2种不同塑性层的重力滑脱构造，一类以下白垩统盐岩、硬石膏为塑性层，另一类是以上白垩统-新近系海相泥岩为滑脱塑性层。且均可从陆向海依次划分为拉张区、过渡区和挤压区。为了厘清2种不同类型重力滑脱构造样式差异及对油气成藏影响，选取2个代表性盆地——下刚果-刚果扇盆地与尼日尔三角洲盆地进行对比剖析，从而查明2种不同类型重力滑脱构造在相应构造带内构造样式及其油气成藏差异。整体上，盐岩塑性层重力滑脱构造在拉张区表现为盐构造活动剧烈，油气成藏条件优越，油气发现多；过渡区盐构造活动强度减弱，油气富集程度高；挤压区构造活动强烈，盐岩大规模聚集，烃源岩和储层条件差，油气发现少。相比于盐岩塑性层重力滑脱构造，泥岩塑性层重力滑脱构造在拉张区构造活动相对较弱，断块圈闭与储层、烃源岩匹配良好，是主要的油气富集区；过渡区，大量塑性泥岩堆积，泥底辟规模大，深缓底辟型构造是油气有利富集区；挤压区以典型逆冲叠瓦状构造为主，烃源岩、储层和油源断层配置良好，油气富集程度高。针对上述2种不同类型重力滑脱构造样式在烃源岩、储层及油气成藏的差异影响分析，为相关类型重力滑脱构造研究提供借鉴。      

河南省地质环境现状及特征

河南省自然地质条件复杂 ,生态环境脆弱 ,不仅分布有特殊不良地质环境条件和严重的地质灾害 ,而且存在由人类活动引起的诸多环境地质问题。特殊不良地质环境条件主要有特殊不良岩土体 (湿陷性黄土与胀缩土 )、原生地球化学异常 (高氟水、低碘水、咸水 )和次生地球化学异常(土壤盐渍化 ) ;地质灾害有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、水土流失、地面塌陷、矿坑突水、瓦斯爆炸等 ;环境地质问题有水资源枯竭、水质污染、固体废弃物堆放等。这些已成为制约我省人民生活水平提高和社会经济发展的重要因素     

Influencing factors of gas content evaluation for shale gas： a case study of Lower Paleozoic Wuling fold belt in Upper Yangtze Basin

Factors of shale gas accumulation can be divided into the external and internal factors, according to accumulation mechanism and characteristics of shale gas. The internal factors mainly refer to parameters of organic geochemistry, mineral components and physical parameters. Six factors were presented in this study, i. e. organic matter, maturity, quartz, carbonate, clay mineral and pore. The external factors mainly refer to geologic environment of shale gas reservoir, including four factors： temperature, pressure, depth and thickness. Based on the experiment results of 26 samples of drilling cores from Wuling fold belt in Lower Paleozoic Silurian of the Upper Yangtze Basin, combined with the integrated analysis of geology, logging and test, the correlation of the gas content of shale gas to the above-mentioned ten factors was concluded. Six important evaluation indicators were preliminarily established in the gas-bearing core area of marine shale in the Upper Yangtze Basin.