拉压载荷下焊缝的磁记忆表征及热处理评价

为考察拉、压载荷下焊缝的磁记忆特征,测试Q235钢板焊缝进行拉、压载荷下的磁记忆(MMM)信号,分析焊缝正、反面MMM信号在拉、压载荷下的变化规律,并对比热处理前后MMM信号,研究热处理质量对磁记忆信号的影响.结果表明:拉伸载荷下磁记忆信号较压缩载荷下变化明显,焊缝正面应力集中较大,焊逢的热处理效果可以在磁记忆特征信号...     

干热岩开发中高温水-岩作用下岩石应力腐蚀及多场损伤问题

赋存于地球深部的地热资源,以其储量丰富、清洁再生等优势,有望成为破解我国能源困局,助推“双碳”目标实现的重要途径之一。干热岩(HDR)开发过程中,面临着高温高压环境下水-岩作用问题,在温度场、渗流场、应力场、化学场(THMC)等多场耦合作用下,岩体应力腐蚀效应和疲劳劣化会诱发岩石微裂纹-裂缝扩展、成核与丛集行为,进而影响增强型地热系统(EGS)的热交换效率和地质体稳定性,这也是制约干热岩长期安全开发的瓶颈,亟待突破。通过总结现有干热岩高温高压下多场损伤研究中的实验探索、理论模型、数值分析等多手段跨尺度方法,分析干热岩在高温高压及水环境下的应力腐蚀效应,可阐明循环生产过程中低温工质与高温地质体循环换热下干热岩储层结构演化的动态过程及工程响应,进而揭示THMC多场耦合作用下干热岩储层疲劳劣化损伤机理,为我国深部地热资源高效安全开发提供理论支撑和地质保障;但仍亟待深入开展增强型地热系统的THMC多场耦合作用下岩体应力腐蚀效应的干热岩疲劳劣化机制与长期稳定性研究,如考虑应力腐蚀效应和疲劳损伤的干热岩长期强度评价模型、基于跨尺度疲劳损伤评价的干热岩开发下地质体长期稳定性方法、适应于干热岩储层改造...     

基于广灵地区矿调的高精度磁测磁异常分析

在对山西省广灵县进行广灵测区1：5万区域地质矿产调查的高精度磁测工作中,对磁测扫面圈定的三处异常分别进行分析解释,浅析了三种异常的状态及缘由。本文旨在探讨面对不同类型磁异常进行分析解释的思路和方法,并针对不同埋深矿体进行研究,为今后工作面对类似异常提供经验和帮助。     

基于磁异常信号的油田地下管线探测方法

在油田开发过程中,为准确检测输油、输气、输水管线及光缆、电缆的分布、走向及埋藏深度,提出基于磁异常信号的地下管线探测系统:首先,根据磁异常信号探测原理,建立地球磁场模型,进行管线探测系统的软、硬件设计;其次,通过改变扫描时间间隔和探测方向,利用管线探测系统探测地下管线并分析探测结果;最后,分析地球磁场探测数据成像结果,...     

2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1地震震前宽频带信号的疲劳损伤分析

高精度和高采样速率宽频带地震仪的地震观测表明,宽频带数字信号包含丰富的地壳运动和应力变化信息,但这些信息还有待进一步的挖掘。对2001-11-14昆仑山口西M_S8.1地震前数日的乌鲁木齐、拉萨、恩施、昆明、西安5个台站的宽频带数字信号,在疲劳损伤分析理论的基础上进行分析和跟踪。结果表明,在昆仑山口西地震前数天,这些台站宽频带数字信号中所包含的相对应力成分都有一个明显上升的变化过程。     

基于DIC和声发射的TC4合金疲劳损伤状态监测方法

钛合金TC4是飞机关键结构件中应用最广泛的材料。为保障飞机在服役过程中安全稳定运行,将数字图像相关(DIC)和声发射技术结合,开展TC4合金疲劳损伤状态监测研究;利用微力拉伸实验系统,对TC4合金进行不同应力水平下的循环加载声发射监测实验。选择试样表面变形不均匀程度参数表征TC4合金疲劳损伤状态,结合加载过程中声发射信号时域经历,分析试件内部微损伤、裂纹开裂及扩展状态下声发射特征参量分布规律。结果表明:利用DIC和声发射技术结合方法,可以实现TC4合金疲劳状态的动态监测及损伤状态的有效表征。     

福建水口库区次级断裂的应力分析和活动特征研究

为了解水口水库地区次级断裂的受力性质和活动特征,选用库区15个P波初动清晰可靠的地震震源机制解,采用力轴张量计算法推算了该区构造应力场的主轴方向,进而对断裂进行了应力分析。结果表明,湾口断裂受力性质为压性,其余为张性。根据库区布设的6个跨断层短水准场地观测资料,通过线性拟合方法,发现西瓜洲断裂为正断活动,其余为逆断活动。最后对两种方法得到的结果进行了比较。     

基于PhaseNet的地震信号自动处理方法准确性分析

利用一种深度学习地震信号检测方法（PhaseNet模型）检测甘肃省岷县MS6.6地震序列,根据地震震相关联技术和绝对定位Hypoinverse方法构建AI检测目录,对比人工分析地震目录和震相报告,分析AI自动处理地震事件的误差范围。结果表明,AI技术能够实现85.5%的人工工作量,定位误差在20 km范围内呈正态分布;在低震级地震事件检测中,AI方法也发挥了显著能力。相比于人工处理方法,AI方法稳定性好、不依赖个人经验、分析速度快,在大震后的地震目录快速产出中能发挥关键作用,可提高地震分析能力、节省人力成本。     

基于滑脱、应力敏感和非达西效应的页岩气压裂水平井产能模型

基于页岩气藏压裂水平井三线性流模型,考虑页岩气滑脱效应,分析页岩气的吸附、天然裂缝的应力敏感和人工裂缝的非达西效应,建立页岩气产能模型,运用全隐式有限差分和牛顿—拉普森迭代法进行数值求解,绘制无因次产量递减曲线。结果表明:页岩气的流动阶段分为人工裂缝中不稳定线性流阶段、人工裂缝和微裂缝的双线性流阶段、微裂缝中不稳定线性流阶段、微裂缝和基质的双线性流阶段、基质中线性流动阶段、边界流阶段;如果忽略滑脱效应,将导致页岩气产能预测产生误差。当页岩基质孔隙直径小于20nm时,滑脱效应造成的产量增加5%~25%。该结果对于认识页岩气藏水平井产能递减规律具有指导意义。     

基于小波分析对形变扰动信号的触发检测方法北大核心CSCD

以玉树地震台钻孔应变仪在汶川8.0级地震前5 d的信号为例,首先计算2个合成分量S13和S24之间的相关性和相干频率,检验钻孔应变仪的可靠性和稳定性,并找出二者不相干信号的频率;其次用小波分析提取4个观测分量的扰动信号,计算其时间-频率-能量分布;最后根据时间-频率-能量分布特征选择STA/LTA触发检测参数,分别对4个观测分量和2个合成分量进行触发检测。结果表明,本文方法能有效检测到6个分量中扰动信号的开始时间和结束时间,可为台站观测人员日常运行维护及时提供报警信息,同时为地震前兆判断提供一种新方法。     

Deep-water riser fatigue monitoring systems based on acoustic telemetry

Marine risers play a key role in the deep and ultra-deep water oil and gas production. The vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of marine risers constitutes an important problem in deep water oil exploration and production. VIV will result in high rates of structural failure of marine riser due to fatigue damage accumulation and diminishes the riser fatigue life. In-service monitoring or full scale testing is essential to improve our understanding of VIV response and enhance our ability to predict fatigue damage. One marine riser fatigue acoustic telemetry scheme is proposed and an engineering prototype machine has been developed to monitor deep and ultra-deep water risers’ fatigue and failure that can diminish the riser fatigue life and lead to economic losses and eco-catastrophe. Many breakthroughs and innovation have been achieved in the process of developing an engineering prototype machine. Sea trials were done on the 6th generation deep-water drilling platform HYSY-981 in the South China Sea. The inclination monitoring results show that the marine riser fatigue acoustic telemetry scheme is feasible and reliable and the engineering prototype machine meets the design criterion and can match the requirements of deep and ultra-deep water riser fatigue monitoring. The rich experience and field data gained in the sea trial which provide much technical support for optimization in the engineering prototype machine in the future.     

三元复合驱采油污水阻垢缓蚀剂电化学分析

研制适用于三元复合驱采油污水工况条件下的MPM固体缓蚀阻垢剂,分析三元复合驱采油污水中MPM的电化学特性.结果表明:随着温度增加,20#钢在采油污水的腐蚀速率呈增加趋势,极化曲线显示钝化区表面材料在表面高温下处于钝化状态,产生的钝化膜能够降低腐蚀速度.在阻垢缓蚀剂质量浓度相同的情况下,不同温度的电化学阻抗谱在高频区出现容抗弧,显示优良的缓蚀性能.不同质量浓度MPM极化曲线表明,缓蚀率随MPM质量浓度的增加而增大,MPM极值质量浓度为80mg/L.污水体系中的Ca2+、Cl-对缓蚀率产生影响.MPM适用于高质量浓度Ca2+的三元复合驱采油污水处理.     

Research on weak signal extraction and noise removal for GPR data based on principal component analysis

The ground penetrating radar( GPR) detection data is a wide band signal,always disturbed by some noise,such as ambient random noise and multiple reflection waves. The noise affects the target identification of underground medium seriously. A method based on principal component analysis( PCA) was proposed to extract the target signal and remove the uncorrelated noise. According to the correlation of signal,the authors get the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors by decomposing the covariance matrix of GPR data and make linear transformation for the GPR data to get the principal components( PCs). The lower-order PCs stand for the strong correlated target signals of the raw data,and the higher-order ones present the uncorrelated noise.Thus the authors can extract the target signal and filter uncorrelated noise effectively by the PCA. This method was demonstrated on real ultra-wideband through-wall radar data and simulated GPR data. Both of the results show that the PCA method can effectively extract the GPR target signal and remove the uncorrelated noise.     

Study on bottom stress under conditions of storm surge and tide

Sea bottom stress is conventionally assumed to be directly proportional to the square of the verticallyaveraged velocity,and the drag coefficient to be dependent on the speed and direction of the wind on the sea surface,the depth and dimension of the sea,the period of the tide and so on. In this paper a three-dimensional numerical model is used to discuss the relation the dragcoefficient and the above-mentioned factors.It can be shown from calculation that the relation, is valid,that the drag coefficient is a constant in a major part of a sea as thought conventionally,andthat there is a small area near the coast where the drag coefficient is far greater.We call it singular area. A number of conclusions on the relation between the drag coefficient and the speed and direction ofthe wind,the sea depth and so on,were obtained.     

Surface modification of ZrO2 nanoparticles with styrene coupling agent and its effect on the corrosion behaviour of epoxy coating

The surface of ZrO2 nanoparticles was modified by styrene coupling grafting method to improve the dispersion and interaction of the nanoparticles with the epoxy coating in which the modified ZrO2 nanoparticles were used as an additive. The grafting performance and microstructure of the nano- ZrO2/epoxy coating were analyzed by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion behavior of the nano-ZrO2/epoxy coating on mild steel was evaluated in neutral 3.5 wt% NaC1 solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS）. Both the coating capacitance and coating resistance fitted by the equivalent circuit from EIS were used to evaluate the protective performance of the coating towards the mild steel. The results show a superior stability and efficient corrosion protection by the modified ZrO2 nanoparticles. The epoxy coating containing 2 wt% modified ZrO2 nanoparticles exhibited the best corrosion performance among all the coating specimens. This research may provide an insight into the protection of mild steel using modified epoxy coatings.     

基于FPGA的风廓线雷达信号定时器的设计和实现

详细介绍了信号定时器的特点和工作原理,并给出一种基于现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)的风廓线雷达信号定时器的设计方法.该信号定时器在某风廓线雷达中成功应用,且运行可靠,效果良好.     

基于机器学习的高精度高分辨率气象因子时空估计

气象变量常作为重要的影响因子出现在环境污染、疾病健康和农业等领域,而高分辨率的气象资料可作为众多研究的基础数据,对推进相关研究的发展意义重大。本文以中国大陆为研究区域,利用2015年824个气象站点的气温、相对湿度和风速3套数据,结合不同的解释变量组合,分别构建了各自的GAM和残差自编码器神经网络（简称残差网络）模型,以10倍交叉验证判断模型是否过拟合。研究结果表明：① GAM和残差网络方法都不存在过拟合问题,同GAM相比,残差网络显著提高了模型预测的精度（3个气象因素的交叉验证CV R²平均提高了0.21,CV RMSE平均降低了37%）,其中相对湿度模型的提升幅度最大（CV R²:0.85 vs. 0.52,CV RMSE:7.53% vs. 13.59%）;② 残差模型的结果较普通克里格插值结果和再分析资料更接近站点观测数据,表明残差网络可作为高分辨率气象数据研制的可靠方法。此外,研究还发现在相对湿度模型中加入臭氧浓度和气温、在风速模型中加入GLDAS风速再分析资料,可提升模型的性能。     

Impacts of wave and current on drag coefficient and wind stress over the tropical and northern Pacific

By taking into consideration the effects of ocean surface wave-induced Stokes drift velocity U,w and current velocityU,c on the drag coefficient,the spatial distributions of drag coefficient and wind stress in 2004 are computed over the tropical andnorthern Pacific using an empirical drag coefficient parameterization formula based on wave steepness and wind speed.The globalocean current field is generated from the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and the wave data are generated from Wave-watch Ⅲ (WW3).The spatial variability of the drag coefficient and wind stress is analyzed.Preliminary results indicate that theocean surface Stokes drift velocity and current velocity exert an important influence on the wind stress.The results also show thatconsideration of the effects of the ocean surface Stokes drift velocity and current velocity on the wind stress can significantly im-prove the modeling of ocean circulation and air-sea interaction processes.     

基于Linux系统的SEDF调度算法的研究与分析

EDF调度算法具备高CPU利用率、可调度较大的任务集的优点.将EDF调度算法和静态优先级调度算法的可控性相结合,提出了一种新的调度算法--SEDF调度算法(Strong Earliest Deadline First).首先从理论上分析了SEDF算法的可调度性条件及其时间特性,并针对SEDF调度算法对Linux系统环境提出了一些修改;然后通过实验数据对比了EDF算法和SEDF算法,证明SEDF算法具备更强的控制能力,更利于高优先级任务的优先运行,更能够实现Linux内核对实时任务更高的响应能力.     

基于GIS的“一带一路”地区气温插值方法比较研究

“一带一路”倡议是新时期中国为加强对外开放提出的全球化合作倡议,资源环境的优化配置对全球化发展意义重大。气温作为重要的基础数据和输入要素,对其进行空间化处理是实现大尺度区域资源环境优化配置的前提。本文基于地理信息技术（GIS）,运用距离平方反比法（IDS）、协同克里格法（CK）、回归距离平方反比法（RIDS）和回归协同克里格法（RCK）,对“一带一路”地区1980—2017年的2679个气象站点的月平均气温和年平均气温数据进行插值,获得了“一带一路”地区10 km分辨率的气温空间分布数据。交叉验证结果表明：① IDS、CK、RIDS和RCK插值法在整体上均较好地展示了“一带一路”地区气温的地理空间分布规律,4种插值方法的月均气温的均方根误差分别在1.93~2.43、1.78~2.14、1.31~2.23和1.23~1.92 ℃之间;年均气温的均方根误差分别为1.94、1.83、1.37和1.27 ℃;② 在“一带一路”地区,加入协变量分析的CK插值精度整体优于IDS,并且削弱了IDS的极值现象;③ RIDS和RCK对年均气温的插值精度分别较IDS和CK提高了29.4%和30.6%,表明加入地理要素并进行残差修正的插值精度得到了进一步提高。总体来看,RCK插值法对气温数据的插值精度最高,可以考虑将此方法作为“一带一路”地区温度等气象要素的插值方法。