Effects of kelp Ecklonia maxima inclusion in formulated feed on the growth,feed utilisation and gut microbiota of South African abalone Haliotis midae

The effect of kelp Ecklonia maxima inclusion in formulated feeds on abalone growth and gut bacterial communities has not been previously investigated in South Africa. An eight-month on-farm growth trial was conducted with sub-adult Haliotis midae (～43 mm shell length) fed graded levels of kelp in formulated feeds. Kelp inclusion (0.44–3.54% of pellet dry mass) promoted faster growth (65.7–74.5% total mass gain), with better feed and protein conversions (apparent feed conversion ratio [FCR] 1.4–1.8, apparent protein efficiency ratio [PER] 2.3–2.7), as compared with the non-supplemented feed (52.3% total mass gain, FCR 2.1, PER 1.9; p < 0.001). Abalone-gut bacterial DNA was sequenced using 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and the sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at a 97% similarity level. A supplementary 16S rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis was employed. The dominant OTUs differed in terms of their relative abundances, with an autochthonous Mycoplasma strain being significantly more abundant (p = 0.03) in the gut of abalone fed a kelp-supplemented feed. The DGGE band patterns displayed higher within-group variability for abalone fed the control diet, suggesting that dietary kelp inclusion promotes gut-bacteria homeostasis. This may contribute to better feed utilisation and growth in abalone fed kelp-supplemented feeds.     

九孔鲍肠道及其养殖水体中异养细菌产酶能力的分析

2002年5月从汕尾健生鲍鱼场养殖水体和成鲍肠道中分离筛选到26株异养细菌,其中11株来自成鲍肠道,15株来自养殖水体。对它们产胞外酶的能力进行了比较分析。结果表明肠道异养细菌中有72.7%能分泌蛋白酶、淀粉酶或明胶酶,9.1%分泌脂肪酶,45.5%分泌卵磷脂酶;水体异养细菌中则有46.7%能分泌蛋白酶或脂肪酶,66.7%分泌卵磷脂酶、淀粉酶或明胶酶。比较发现,肠道中脂肪酶或卵磷脂酶生产菌的比例小于水体异养细菌的比例;而蛋白酶、淀粉酶或明胶酶生产菌的比例却高于水体中异养细菌的比例。另外,水体异养细菌分泌多种胞外酶的能力强于肠道异养细菌。由此揭示现有鲍鱼肠道菌群结构的不完善,进而为通过添加有益菌而提高鲍鱼饲料利用率提供了可能。     

杂色鲍种苗用试验配合饵料

随着鲍的人工育苗数量的不断增多,以及幼鲍从室内培养池移入海区的养殖阶段,直到成为种苗的规格(壳长1—1.5厘米),其饵料仍然是养殖成败的关键之一。福建南部海区杂色鲍(Haliotis diversicolor Reeve)的种苗培育阶段,正值夏季水温升高,采集天然海藻比较困难,鲍的饵料发生短缺;而且为了进一步弥补和提高鲍的饵料中所含蛋白质等营养成分,以提高幼鲍和种苗鲍存活率,加快生长速度,除积极开发利用天然海藻资源外,必须广开饵料新途径,因而研制种苗鲍用试验配合饵料,适当增加能促     

Assessing the ecosystem effects of the abalone Haliotis midae from its diet and foraging behaviour

The South African abalone Haliotis midae is commercially exploited and seriously threatened by overfishing. This not only affects the species itself but potentially the functioning of the ecosystem because of associated changes in community structure. The nature of effects that can follow the loss or reduction of a species depends in part on its position in the foodweb and its feeding behaviour. To assess the ecosystem effects of the adults and subadults of this previously abundant herbivore on the south-west coast of South Africa, we studied their diet and mode of food procurement by (a) in-field observations of adult and subadult abalone, (b) analysis of the gut contents of adults, (c) comparison of diet with the availability of algae, and (d) a mesocosm experiment on subadult feeding behaviour. Both field and dietary studies showed that adults subsist mainly by trapping drift kelp, but also occasionally graze on attached algae such as Plocamium spp., and feed in a manner that is highly selective, with drift kelp constituting 95–98% of the diet, and several species of common algae being avoided. In the mesocosm experiment, subadults preferentially fed on drift kelp, but emerged at night to a greater extent to graze on microflora if no drift material was available. Their propensity to emerge was, however, reduced if the rock lobster Jasus lalandii was present. Collectively, this evidence indicates that any ecosystem effects that subadults and adults of H. midae have as grazers will be weak because they feed mainly by trapping drift material, and the frequency of grazing and the incidence of consumption of attached algae are low.     

饲料中添加两株乳酸菌及其发酵上清液对凡纳滨对虾消化酶活性的影响

为了探讨前期实验获得的益生菌及其发酵上清液对凡纳滨对虾消化功能的影响,将初始体质量3.5 g±0.06 g的凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)在30℃±2℃环境下于水族箱中养殖4周。以基础饲料为对照组,在基础饲料中分别添加戊糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus pentosus)HC-2、粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)NRW-2、戊糖乳杆菌HC-2的发酵上清液,最终每克基础饲料中含有1.0×107 CFU益生菌或此菌量所对应的发酵上清液,共配制3组实验饲料。实验结果如下:与对照组相比,各实验组对虾肠道中蛋白酶活力显著提高(P0.05),但肝胰腺中蛋白酶活力无显著差异;添加NRW-2的实验组与对照组相比,肠道和肝胰腺中淀粉酶和脂肪酶活力均显著提高(P0.05),HC-2组对虾肝胰腺中淀粉酶及肠道中脂肪酶的活力显著提高(P0.05),而HC-2发酵上清液的添加仅显著提高了对虾肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性。结果表明饲料中添加NRW-2、HC-2及其发酵上清液可以提高凡纳滨对虾肠道及肝胰腺中消化酶的活力,但在不同组织中提高消化酶活性的种类是不同的,为水产养殖安全投入品的开发及乳酸菌在水产养殖中的推广应用提供一定的科学依据。     

尼罗系吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼实用日粮中蔗糖糖蜜的养殖效果与血糖代谢变化

采用6种等蛋白质(34.4%)、等能量(16.10MJ/kg)试验日粮,研究了尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼实用日粮中蔗糖糖蜜替代小麦次粉的养殖效果与血糖代谢变化。结果表明,56d试验期间各试验组鱼均无死亡;蔗糖糖蜜替代小麦次粉40%—100%日粮组鱼的摄食量、特定生长率、饲料效益和蛋白效益均高于小麦次粉组鱼,当蔗糖糖蜜100%替代小麦次粉时,其摄食量、特定生长率和饲料效益蛋白效益比均显著性上升(P<0.05)。各试验组鱼鱼体营养成分(蛋白质、脂肪、灰分和水分)和肝体指数无显著性差异(P>0.05),肝脏结构正常。蔗糖糖蜜组鱼血浆中血糖、总蛋白、胆固醇、甘油三酯含量明显高于小麦次粉组鱼(P<0.05)。本试验结果认为,蔗糖糖蜜在尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼实用日粮中可以完全替代小麦次粉,蔗糖糖蜜对尼罗系吉富罗非鱼幼鱼具有较好的生长效益、节约日粮蛋白质效益和适口性,其主要原因与摄食蔗糖糖蜜后尼罗系罗非鱼幼鱼产生的较长时间高血糖现象有关。     

饲料添加多维对花鲈生长、非特异性免疫指标及消化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中不同水平的多维含量对花鲈（Lateolabrax japonicus）生长性能、非特异性免疫指标及消化酶活性的影响。以初始体质量为（38.54±0.05） g的花鲈为试验对象,随机分为6组（每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼）,基础饲料中分别添加不同水平（0.5%、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%）的多维,在室内循环养殖系统中饲喂28 d。结果表明:多维添加量对花鲈的体成分、存活率、肝指数、饲料系数和肥满度均没有显著影响（P>0.05）;当多维添加量为2%时,花鲈的增重率（WGR）和特定生长率（SGR）均最大,与多维添加量为2%相比较,随着多维添加量继续增多,花鲈的WGR和SGR显著降低（P<0.05）;当多维添加量为5%时,花鲈的肠蛋白酶活性较0.5%和1%添加量组显著提高（P<0.05）,而多维添加量为0.5%时,花鲈的肠淀粉酶活性显著高于其余任意一组（P<0.05）,各组之间肠脂肪酶活性无显著差异（P>0.05）;与多维添加量为0.5%相比,多维添加量为5%时,能够显著提高花鲈血清中超氧化物歧化酶、碱性磷酸酶活性以及血清中总蛋白含量（P<0.05）,而血清溶菌酶活性没有显著变化（P>0.05）。结果表明:饲料中添加多维含量为5%时,能够明显提高花鲈的非特异性免疫指标及肠道蛋白酶活性,而在含量为2%时,能够明显提高花鲈的生长性能。     

Use of probiotic bacteria to improve growth and survivability of farmed New Zealand abalone (Haliotis iris)

The effects of two probiotic feeds containing two and three bacterial isolates were evaluated on the growth performance of New Zealand abalone (Haliotis iris). Probiotic bacteria were isolated from the guts of healthy adult abalone. The isolates were screened qualitatively and quantitatively according to their ability to hydrolyse nutrients (i.e. proteins, starch and alginate), produce acid and resist bile salts. Based on the screening results, we developed a multi-strain conglomerate of 2- and 3- probiotic bacterial strains that were supplemented into a commercial abalone feed to use in our experiments. The 2-probiotic conglomerate consisted of Exiguobacterium JHEb1 and Vibrio JH1, and the 3-probiotic conglomerate consisted of Exiguobacterium JHEb1, Vibrio JH1 and Enterococcus JHLDc. The probiotic feeding trial involved abalone juveniles (20–30 mm in maximum shell length). Both probiotic feeds significantly improved abalone growth compared to that of the unsupplemented feed. The 3-probiotic supplemented feed produced a significant shell length increase of 20.9%, a wet weight gain of 19.8% and a five-fold reduction in mortality compared to the controls. The 2-probiotic supplemented feed resulted in significant increases in shell length (15.4%) and reduced mortality (five-fold), but not in weight gain, compared to controls.     

桑沟湾筏式海带养殖对潮流垂直结构的影响

利用桑沟湾海带播苗前和成熟期的海流剖面资料,对最显著的M₂分潮流椭圆四要素(最大流速、椭圆率、最大流速方向和最大流速出现时间)的垂直分布特征进行对比分析,结果表明筏式海带养殖对潮流垂直结构有显著影响,由海带播苗前的单一海底边界层,变为海带成熟期的海表和海底双重边界层。海带播苗前,M₂分潮流椭圆要素在垂向上变化不大;而在海带成熟期,从中层向海面和海底,最大流速迅速减小、椭圆率逐渐增大、最大流速方向左偏、最大流速出现时间提前。湾口中部的最大流速方向从海带播苗前的南北方向转为海带成熟期的西北—东南方向,这是由水位梯度的变化造成的。     

植酸对牙鲆生长和消化酶活性的影响

以鱼粉为主要蛋白源,在基础饲料中分别添加不同含量的植酸纳使植酸水平分别达到0.04%(对照组)、0.21%、0.44%和0.81%,研究不同含量植酸对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)(2.58 g±0.01 g)摄食、生长和消化酶活性的影响.实验在室内循环水养殖系统中进行,为期10周.结果表明,植酸处理组牙鲆摄食率(2.4%、2.5%和2.4%)显著高于对照组(2.1%)(P＜0.05),但植酸处理组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).植酸处理组(59.47、61.27和64.82 U/mg蛋白)胃蛋白酶比活力显著低于对照组(79.34 U/mg蛋白),但植酸处理组之间差异不显著.各处理组之间牙鲆肝脏、肠和胃中淀粉酶比活力及肝脏和肠中蛋白酶比活力均无显著差异.随着饲料中植酸含量的增加,干物质和蛋白质表观消化率显著下降.同时,牙鲆特定生长率、饲料转化率、蛋白质效率和净蛋白质利用率随着饲料中植酸含量的升高均呈下降趋势,其中各处理组之间牙鲆特定生长率无显著差异,而植酸处理组饲料转化率(74.0%、73.7%和69.2%)则显著低于对照组(84.0%),0.81%植酸处理组蛋白质效率(1.37)和净蛋白质利用率(25.0%)显著低于对照组(1.64和30.6%).本实验结果表明,随着饲料中植酸含量的增加,牙鲆生长性能和胃蛋白酶比活力呈下降趋势.植酸对牙鲆生长的抑制作用将随着其含量的升高或实验周期的延长突现出来.     

饲料粗蛋白含量对刺参消化酶及消化道结构的影响

本实验以鱼粉、酪蛋白以及藻粉等为主要原料配制了粗蛋白质量分数为12%、16%、20%、24%、28%、32%的6种半精制刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)饲料,研究饲料中粗蛋白含量对刺参生长、蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性以及肠道结构的影响。结果表明,刺参饲料中粗蛋白含量对刺参的生长、饲料系数、蛋白质效率以及消化道中蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性都有明显影响,肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性对饲料粗蛋白含量有适应性,随饲养时间也有适应性变化。饲料中粗蛋白含量对刺参肠道结构也有一定的影响。     

Integrated culture of silver kob Argyrosomus inodorus and bloodworm Arenicola loveni loveni in abalone farm effluent

South African abalone Haliotis midae farms utilise large volumes of seawater (c. 500–1 500 l s^–1) and produce relatively dilute effluents that are potentially suitable for the integrated culture of other species. To test this hypothesis, a marine finfish, silver kob Argyrosomus inodorus, and a detritivorous polychaete, bloodworm Arenicola loveni loveni, were cultured in abalone farm effluent and the results compared to controls reared in unused seawater. The silver kob were fed a nutritionally complete pelleted diet whereas the bloodworm were placed in shallow tanks with a low water velocity that allowed suspended organic solids to settle for the detritivorous worms to feed on. Silver kob growth rate (0.48% body weight d^–1; SE = 0.01%), mortality (1.8 ± 0.5%), feed conversion ratio (3.0 ± 0.2) and protein efficiency ratio (1.0 ± 0.1) did not differ significantly between the effluent and control treatments. Bloodworm reared in abalone effluent grew well on the particulate organic waste matter in the effluent (0.39% body weight gain d^–1; SE = 0.07%), whereas those in the seawater control lost weight at 0.19 ± 0.04% body weight d^–1 over the experimental period. Bloodworm mortality did not differ significantly between effluent (6 ± 3%) and unused seawater (11 ± 8%) treatments. The faster growth of bloodworm in the abalone farm effluent was ascribed to the higher deposition rate of enriched organic solids (182 ± 56 g m^–2 d^–1) compared with those grown in the seawater control (46 ± 13 g m^–2 d^–1). It was concluded that abalone farm effluent is potentially suitable for the culture of both bloodworm and silver kob.     

Effect of graded levels of dietary carbohydrate on growth,feed utilisation and intestinal microbial community structure in dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus fed a pelleted diet

The ability to utilise carbohydrates is limited for many predatory marine fishes. Graded levels of dietary carbohydrate (4.1–24.6%) were formulated using pregelatinised maize starch, to determine optimal levels for dusky kob Argyrosomus japonicus, an emerging mariculture finfish for which pelleted feeds are being developed. Specific growth rate increased with an increase in the carbohydrate level up to 16.72%, after which it declined. Feed utilisation followed a similar trend, with the best feed conversion ratio (1.28) and protein efficiency ratio (1.76) recorded at 16.4% carbohydrate. Lipid vacuolisation of the hepatocytes was evident in all livers examined, with melano-macrophage aggregates in those of fish fed 24.6% carbohydrate suggesting starvation. Gut bacterial community profiles were variable but were not influenced by dietary carbohydrate level and differed mostly between fish fed trout feed prior to the trial and those fed experimental diets containing starch. The dusky kob were able to clear glucose from their blood when fed up to 16.4% carbohydrate, but glucose removal was not achieved at 24.6% carbohydrate. In conclusion, dusky kob has a limited ability to utilise cooked starch as a carbohydrate source, which may be included in pelleted feed at 16.4% without adverse effects. For this species, levels of dietary carbohydrate above this may result in symptoms consistent with physiological breakdown, including reduced growth, reduced feed intake and feed conversion efficiency, prolonged hyperglycaemia, liver pathology and altered microbial communities in the foregut.     

周期性停食对鮸鱼(Miichthys miiuy)幼鱼摄食、生长和消化酶活力的影响

在水温(22±2)℃条件下,采用周期性停食胁迫方法研究鱼幼鱼摄食、生长和消化酶的变化情况。结果表明,饥饿组与对照组的特殊生长率差异性显著(P<0.05);不同停食时间胁迫下,试验组的摄食率和特殊生长率与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),停食3天鱼幼鱼的食物转化率比对照组高,表明鱼幼鱼具有部分补偿能力;消化酶在不同的组织中变化情况各不相同,饥饿开始后各器官中的蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶均下降。随饥饿时间延长,蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶出现上升现象,但上升程度各不相同。恢复投喂后各组织中的蛋白酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶均上升;随恢复投喂时间延长,各试验组中鱼幼鱼各器官组织中的消化酶变化情况也各不相同。     

鲍藻混养模式的构建及其效益分析

在福建省莆田市平海湾海区,利用现有海藻(海带)养殖设施,进行海藻与皱纹盘鲍和黑鲍混养。经150 d试验,皱纹盘鲍和黑鲍生长率分别为221.02%和187.70%,成活率都为94.00%,与室内单养、海区筏式单养无显著差异(P<0.05)。而3种模式鲍投入产出比分别为1∶1.84,1∶2.92,1∶1.41,即每万粒鲍鱼养殖可节约成本近万元。同时,鲍和海藻处在海洋生态系统的不同生态位,互利共生,促进海洋生态系统物质良性循环。     

Influence of nutritional stress on digestive enzyme activities in juveniles of two marine clam species, Ruditapes decussatus and Venerupis pullastra

The potential use of digestive activities as indicators of the nutritional status in bivalves is discussed in relation to the results obtained in two clam species exposed to starvation and refeeding. Activities of some digestive enzymes (amylase, laminarinase, cellulase, and protease) were measured in juveniles of two commercially interesting species of clams, Ruditapes decussatus and Venerupis pullastra. The specimens were fed normally, being after subjected to a 15-days starvation and a further refeeding period. Samples were obtained at different moments of such feeding schedule to evaluate enzymes as well as weight (live, dry and organic) and length, in order to calculate growth rates and feeding efficiencies. Starvation led to a major decrease in clam growth as measured by dry weight and a negative growth as measured by organic weight, this coinciding with a certain degree of growth of the shell and a consumption of soft tissue. This response occurred more rapidly in R. decussatus but was of a lower magnitude than in V. pullastra. Activity of carbohydrases decreased rapidly in both species with starvation, although protease activity was maintained in R. decussatus. Recovery after the end of starvation was not similar in both species; while R. decussatus attained similar growth rates and enzyme activities to those measured prior to nutritional stress, V. pullastra only recovered 50% of its initial values. For both species of bivalves it can be concluded that digestive enzymes, and more specifically amylase, could be used as indicative of their nutritional condition.     

Evidence for a positive relationship between juvenile abalone Haliotis midae and the Sea urchin Parechinus angulosus in the South-Western Cape,South Africa

Previous field observations have suggested an association between the urchin Parechinus angulosus and juveniles of the abalone Haliotis midae. To test the generality and nature of this association, surveys were carried out at five sites between Cape Point and Danger Point in the kelp beds of the South-Western Cape, South Africa. These showed that both species occupy primarily hard substrata, showing preferences for encrusting coralline algae. They also confirmed a strong, positive relationship between urchins and juvenile abalone. Of the juvenile abalone sampled, more than 98% were found beneath sea urchins. All small (3–10 mm) and medium-sized(11–20 mm) juvenile abalone were under urchins, whether on flat or vertical reef, or in crevices. A small proportion (～10%) of larger juveniles(21–35 mm) was not found under urchins, and in these instances they occupied crevices instead. These findings are of particular importance in terms of their implications for the lucrative commercial abalone fishery in South Africa, indicating that urchins are of critical importance to the continued survival of viable abalone populations. There has been a dramatic decrease in natural populations of sea urchins over the past five years in the heart of the abalone fishing grounds, and the present findings suggest that this will lead to recruitment failure of abalone, because juvenile abalone seem dependent on the urchins. The long-term consequences for the industry may be crucial.     

饲料添加发酵浒苔对花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus) 生长性能、消化酶活性和免疫的影响

采用单因子试验设计方法, 配制发酵浒苔添加比例分别为0%、1%、2%、3%、4%、5%的 6 种饲料, 探讨发酵浒苔对花鲈生长、体成分、胃、肠消化酶活性及血清、肝脏免疫的影响的研究。 将其饲喂初始平均体重为(6.40±0.14)g 的花鲈28d, 每组饲料设3 个重复, 每个重复投喂30 尾花鲈。 结果表明: (1) 随着发酵浒苔添加水平的升高各组花鲈增重率和特定生长率呈现先升高后降低的趋 势, 且差异性显著(P<0.05), 以2%组添加量最优。相比于对照组, 各添加组饲料系数均有下降。添加 发酵浒苔可适当降低鱼体中的水分, 提高灰分含量但并不显著(P>0.05).同时各添加组的粗脂肪和粗 蛋白含量均高于对照组, 各添加组之间并无显著性差异(P>0.05).(2) 在添加组中, 花鲈淀粉酶、脂 肪酶活性以及胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶活性均得到了显著提高(P<0.05).添加水平在2%-3%效果最好。 (3) 添加发酵浒苔可以显著提高血清超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶的活性(P<0.05), 但对碱性磷酸酶的活 性差异不显著(P>0.05).本试验中肝脏超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性均得到提高, 在 2%-3%组为最佳。     

不同饵料对两种帘蛤科贝类生长性能的影响研究

为探讨不同饵料对青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)与文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)生长和存活的影响,本实验选用紫菜(Pyropia)、浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)、海带(Laminaria japonica)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)和人工配合饲料5种饵料,采用单一饵料投喂方式进行饲养.结果表明:小球藻组中特定生长率、存活率及饲料转换率与各饵料组均有显著性差异(P<0.05),青蛤的增质量率显著低于紫菜组、海带组及人工配合饲料组(P>0.05).在人工配合饲料组中青蛤与文蛤的特定生长率与各饵料组均有显著性差异(P<0.05),青蛤的增质量率与各饵料组无显著性差异(P>0.05),文蛤的增质量率显著高于紫菜组、浒苔组及人工配合饲料组(P<0.05).在3组大型藻中,海带组中青蛤的特定生长率为0.07％,增质量率为4.59％,饵料转换率为7.09％,存活率为74％;文蛤的特定生长率0.13％,增质量率为8.36％,饵料转换率为1.41％,存活率为55.6％.综上,小球藻和人工配合饲料有利于青蛤和文蛤的生长,在3组大型藻中,投喂海带有利于文蛤和青蛤的生长和存活.     

超微粉碎浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)对花鲈生长、非特异性免疫及消化酶活性的影响

浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)是绿藻门(Chlorophyta)石莼科(Ulvaceae)的一属, 因水体富营 养化等原因而大量繁殖, 危害海洋生态系统, 同时富含营养物质和活性物质, 具有提高机体免疫、促 进动物生长和加快机体营养物质代谢等功能。本研究以超微粉碎技术加工浒苔, 以水产经济鱼种花 鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)为研究对象, 分6 个浓度梯度(0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%), 研究浒苔对花鲈 生长性能、非特异性免疫及消化酶活性的影响, 结果显示: 4%组显著降低了花鲈鱼体水分含量及肝 指数(HSI), 显著提高了鱼体粗蛋白含量(P<0.05); 3%组显著提高了花鲈的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率 (SGR)、胃肠组织中蛋白含量(TP)、肠道中蛋白酶、淀粉酶(AMS)、脂肪酶(LPS)活力以及胃LPS 活 力(P<0.05), 而显著降低了胃组织中AMS 和蛋白酶活力(P<0.05), 同时3%组显著提高了花鲈肝脏中 碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活力以及TP 含量, 血清中AKP、超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、溶菌酶(LSZ)活力 (P<0.05), 显著降低了肝脏中谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)活力(P<0.05).本研究认为, 饲料 中添加超微粉碎浒苔能够明显提高花鲈的生长性能、肠道消化酶活力及非特异性免疫力, 且最佳添 加量为3%.本研究可为其变废为宝, 缓解绿潮带来的环境压力, 研发新型饲料添加剂, 提高水产养 殖经济效益提供理论基础。