黔西六枝-朗岱地区构造格局及其应力场遥感图像解析

黔西六枝-朗岱地区,矿产丰富,地质构造十分复杂。本文应用恢复区域构造应力场的新方法──“区域构造变形场、应力场遥感图像解析法”,对研究区宏观构造组合及与其有关的横张大节理进行了系统解译。根据“遥感图像解析法”的原理建立了研究区的构造变形场,通过构造变形特征的综合分析,反演了构造应力场。在区域地质研究基础上,对研究区构造控矿规律进行了探讨。     

构造的遥感解析方法及在中条山铜矿资源调查中的应用

运用构造的遥感解析方法,研究了中条山北段地质构造演化规律,建立了该地区多层次遥感构造的模式,分析了成矿构造的时空特征。并结合典型矿区的控矿构造、应力场特征,运用统计学的方法进行多元地学数据拟合,预测了成矿有利地段。     

遥感信息量化处理在西昌地区构造解析及油气远景预测中的应用

该文从地质遥感信息定量分析着手、通过对遥感图像进行处理和信息提取, 新发现大量重要地质构造信息。并按不同构造层次对线性、环形构造等信息进行了量化处理, 进一步建立了研究区区域构造和重要构造区带遥感信息三维彩色量化解析模式。通过区域断裂系统量化解析, 确定了相对稳定的含油气构造地块和重要的构造区带; 通过重要构造区带遥感解译的环形构造及与其有成因联系的环状、放射状大节理的量化处理和定量解析, 确定了含油气局部构造。最后通过局部构造综合评价研究, 预测了含油气远景区。     

多断层和障碍体作用的应力场、应变场和位移场

本文利用有限元方法研究了多断层作用产生的位移场,并对存在高强度障碍体的区域,其内应力场、应变场和位移场的变化特征进行了分析。研究表明,断层与障碍体的交汇处是应力场,应变场和位移场变化最剧烈的区域。     

内蒙古得尔布干森林沼泽区遥感地质解译研究

利用遥感技术在内蒙古得尔布干森林沼泽区开展地质解译研究。试图通过选择适合该区特点的遥感图像，在宏观地质解译基础上对区域构造展布特征有其控矿规律进行重点研究，进而预测贵重金属（Au、Ag）及有色金属（Cu、Pb、Zn）成矿带，为区内新一轮国土资源大调查提供一些有参考价值的遥感地质信息。     

利用TM遥感影像分析准噶尔盆地西南缘新构造运动与油气藏形…

本文以覆盖准噶尔盆地西南缘的四景ＬａｎｄｓａｔＴＭ卫星遥感影像的地质解译为基础，结合野外实地地质考察所获取的地质资料以及盆地烃源岩的生烃，排烃模拟结果，对该区第二、三排构造带自上新世以来的新构造运动变形特征，背斜和断裂构造的形成时代以及新构造运动与油气藏的关系进行了综合分析。研究结果表明，该区第二、三排构造带的新构造运动变形非常强烈，发育于这二排构造带上的背斜构造和断裂构造的构造变形始于新世末期，     

金矿床遥感影像模式及证据权重法在找矿预测中的应用

河南熊耳山地区为我国金矿的重要成矿区,为加速金矿资源评价和找矿勘探工作,利用遥感技术对该区金矿成矿规律进行了研究,并进行了金矿找矿靶区优选。首先利用多种方法进行TM数字图像处理,以获取理想的遥感图像,然后进行遥感影像信息解译分析,结合区域地质调查和典型金矿床解剖研究,确立主要控矿因素(如构造、含矿地层、岩体、蚀变等).根据金矿分布规律和从遥感图像上提取的综合影像特征,建立了不同金矿床类型遥感影像模式。     

遥感影像定向光照增强及构造解译

多光谱假彩色合成遥感影像已经广泛应用于线性构造解译,受构造应力场制约,区域构造均具有显著的定向性,当卫星影像拍摄时光照方向与区域线性构造方向不能匹配时,构造特征常常不能很好显示,从而影响解译效果。文章提出一种利用数字高程模型模拟特定方向光照模型增强多光谱影像的新方法,用垂直于解译目标的最佳光照模型替代原光照模型以增强区域构造线性特征,同一地区对不同方向的构造解译采用了不同方向的光照模型,有效提高了线性构造信息的可解译程度。以四川盆地西侧的龙门山以南地区为例,进行了断裂构造的遥感解译,对该区地震研究和油气勘探工作具有参考意义。     

冀西北下双台地区构造及金矿找矿标志的遥感影像特征

在该区TM图像地质解译中,笔者以变质岩构造规律和构造变形分解理论为基础,划分了区内不同级别的强变形带和弱变形域（地块）,尝试用线 环形构造的定量统计方法分析条块结构,研究了该区由东西、北西和北东向构造带及与所夹地块构成的网结状构造以及与金矿富集的关系,进一步建立了该区金矿成矿模型,并提出了若干找矿地段。     

遥感数字图像解析

讨论一种分解遥感数字图像的解析方法.其目的是将组成原始遥感的各分量(太阳直射光、天空散射光和大气亮度)逐点分离,并各自生成新的数字图像.由于这些图像是自然光各分量分别与地物和大气之间相互作用的产物,它们在地表辐射能量和大气环境状况的遥感定量反演研究及遥感图像的模式识别中有着具其他传统遥感图像无法具有的独特作用.     

Spatial variation in elephant impact on the Zambezi teak forest in the Chobe national park,Botswana

Abstract

Tectonic mapping and geologic evolution of a region were historically conducted on the basis of field observations. After the advent of remote sensing technology, tectonic mapping became much easier and structural mapping through imagery has gained credibility and suitability in regional mapping, tectonic evolution and modeling. In this regard, an attempt has been made to make use of the satellite technology to bring out the structural trends and the fracture/lineament pattern in Biligirirangan region of Northern Tamil Nadu through satellite remote sensing. The folded architecture in Biligirirangan region has evolved from structural trends. The subsurface structures of the region were derived through resistivity contours and resistivity images created by GIS software.

The surficial information derived from the satellite imagery and subsurface structures derived from the resistivity contours and images were integrated with field observations. This integration has given a clear tectonic picture of the Biligirirangan region and the tectonic structures were then analysed for tectonic forces, evolution and modeling.

The study determined that the Structural trends were mostly in a N‐S direction and the folds were of isoclinal type with alternating synclinal and anticlinal folds of an easterly dipping nature. These folds in conjunction with the lineaments have brought out the palaeostress pattern of the Biligirirangan region. The study further suggests that the regional compressive force trending in ENE‐WSW direction was responsible for the present configuration of folds. In addition, the study also focuses the efficacy of the satellite imagery in tectonic analysis and the resistivity contours and images for the subsurface structural analysis.     

浅论京九铁路河北段沿线地区活动构造卫星影像特征

京九铁路河北段地处冀中平原,沿线地区是新生代强烈拗陷区,活动构造发育,本文应用TM图像对全区的活动构造进行了系统解译,文中重点研究了活动构造的区域分布特征。探讨了区内活动断裂对水系地貌及地震震源深度的控制。对活动断裂的深部变化,运用地震层析(CT)资料加以推断和论证。指出了河北平原是重要的活动构造单元,该构造单元内地壳厚度薄,大地热流值高,今后工业布局必须考虑活动构造对地壳稳定性的影响。     

甘肃黑方台黄土滑坡InSAR识别、监测与失稳模式研究

采用合成孔径雷达干涉测量（interferometric synthetic aperture radar,InSAR）技术对甘肃黑方台地区潜在的黄土滑坡开展了多时相编目、长时序监测以及失稳模式识别研究。首先,采用不同空间分辨率、不同波长的历史存档合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar,SAR）数据对黑方台地区2006-12至2017-11间的潜在滑坡开展了识别研究,在2006-12至2011-03和2016-01至2016-11两个时间段均识别出数10处不稳定坡体,实地调查和光学遥感影像验证了InSAR技术识别结果的可靠性与准确性。然后,对典型不稳定滑坡体采用高空间与高时间分辨率的TerraSAR-X数据开展了长时序监测,结果表明,在InSAR监测期间,累积形变最大的滑坡体在随后的时间里均发生了滑动,并成功地捕获到滑坡体形变加速的时间点。最后,利用升降轨SAR数据开展了黄土滑坡二维形变监测研究,基于滑坡的二维形变特征并结合地形图以及光学遥感影像进一步研究了滑坡的失稳模式,现场调查结果验证了所获得滑坡失稳模式的准确性。     

可可西里盆地油气保存条件的遥感研究

本论文通过对可可西里盆地构造信息进行遥感提取及分析,在野外调查验证的基础上,快速、准确查明可可西里盆地数万平方公里范围内断层、褶皱发育特征。参考前人研究成果,对可可西里盆地有利的控油构造进行分析,研究其对油气保存的控制作用,并预测了可可西里盆地4个油气有利的勘探目标,为可可西里盆地油气资源调查评价提供参考。     

Status and future of laser scanning, synthetic aperture radar and hyperspectral remote sensing data for forest biomass assessment

This is a review of the latest developments in different fields of remote sensing for forest biomass mapping. The main fields of research within the last decade have focused on the use of small footprint airborne laser scanning systems, polarimetric synthetic radar interferometry and hyperspectral data. Parallel developments in the field of digital airborne camera systems, digital photogrammetry and very high resolution multispectral data have taken place and have also proven themselves suitable for forest mapping issues. Forest mapping is a wide field and a variety of forest parameters can be mapped or modelled based on remote sensing information alone or combined with field data. The most common information required about a forest is related to its wood production and environmental aspects. In this paper, we will focus on the potential of advanced remote sensing techniques to assess forest biomass. This information is especially required by the REDD (reducing of emission from avoided deforestation and degradation) process. For this reason, new types of remote sensing data such as fullwave laser scanning data, polarimetric radar interferometry (polarimetric systhetic aperture interferometry, PolInSAR) and hyperspectral data are the focus of the research. In recent times, a few state-of-the-art articles in the field of airborne laser scanning for forest applications have been published. The current paper will provide a state-of-the-art review of remote sensing with a particular focus on biomass estimation, including new findings with fullwave airborne laser scanning, hyperspectral and polarimetric synthetic aperture radar interferometry. A synthesis of the actual findings and an outline of future developments will be presented.     

矿区构造应力场的遥感分析

采用地貌学和构造力学等理论与方法,利用遥感信息对矿区新构造应力场的方向与大小进行分析和研究,其成果对矿山开发规划、主要巷道布置及围岩稳定性评价等方面具有重要意义.     

首都圈地区现今地壳运动的GPS观测与构造活动模拟

利用首都圈地区1992~2004年间280多个GPS点位复测资料,获得了该地区高精度的地壳形变速度场,相对欧亚板块的水平速度场由北向南由4 mm/a逐渐增加到9 mm/a;采用边界元(BEM)理论及位移不连续的多边形元素构建断层的三维模型,并利用均匀介质且各向同性的半无限线弹性空间模型反演计算了断层滑移量,模拟了GPS点位的位移场,在此基础上获得了主要活动断层和首都圈地区的地表、地表下15km和25 km剖面的静态位移场、应力及应变场。结果表明,GPS点位的模拟位移场与观测值在南北向和东西向的误差分别为0.68 mm及0.77 mm,各个主要活动断层在1992~2004年间的构造活动较弱,随着深度的增加,剖面的应变逐渐增加。     

Remote detection of geological structures: an application to the Aravalli region,western India

Optical and microwave remote sensing data are used in conjunction with a digital elevation model to map lineaments in the central parts of the Aravalli region, Rajasthan, western India. Lineament maps interpreted from each data-set are subsequently combined to derive a composite lineament map of the area. Rose plots are used to identify the prominent trends of the lineaments and compared with published structural map of the study area. Three major trends are identified, namely, the NE–SW, NNE–SSW and EW, which are interpreted to be, related to the DF1, DF2 and DF4 deformation phases identified by the previous workers through field studies. The lineaments are classified as fold axes or faults, and a total of 10-fold axes and 30 faults mapped in the area.