S-wave velocity structure inferred from re-ceiver function inversion in Tengchong volcanic area

Tengchong volcanic area is located near the impinging and underthrust margin of India and Eurasia plates. The volcanic activity is closely related to the tectonic environment. The deep structure characteristics are inferred from the receiver function inversion with the teleseismic records in the paper. The results show that the low velocity zone is influenced by the NE-trending Dayingjiang fault. The S-wave low velocity structure occurs obviously in the southern part of the fault, but unobviously in its northern part. There are low velocity zones in the shallow position, which coincides with the seismicity. It also demonstrates that the low velocity zone is directly related to the thermal activity in the volcanic area. Therefore, we consider that the volcano may be alive again.     

腾冲火山区S波速度结构接收函数反演

腾冲火山区临近印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞、俯冲的边界, 火山活动与构造环境关系密切. 采用远震接收函数反演的方法揭示了该区域的深部结构特征. 结果显示, 腾冲火山区S波低速结构明显受到NE向大盈江断裂的影响, 断裂的南部存在明显的S波低速结构, 断裂的北部低速结构不十分明显. 火山区存在浅部的低速结构, 低速结构与地震活动性存在对应关系. 证实了低速结构是火山区热活动的直接因素, 并认为腾冲火山区存在再次活动的基本条件.     

利用区域双差层析成像方法研究川滇南部地壳结构特征

本文联合使用云南、四川和贵州地震台网的85个地震台站在2008年1月—2017年12月期间记录的49130个地震、317366个初至Pg震相绝对到时数据和2674110条高精度的相对到时数据,采用区域双差地震层析成像方法联合反演了川滇南部地壳三维P波速度结构和39621个地震的震源参数,探究了川滇南部中下地壳流和腾冲火山区岩浆囊的分布特征.研究结果表明：（1）川滇南部上地壳的速度异常特征与地表地形密切相关;（2）小江断裂带的中下地壳存在一条绵延近二百多公里的低速异常结构,最南端受到红河断裂带的阻挡而终止于断裂带南段北侧,这可能是川滇南部的一条中下地壳流,低速异常结构在红河断裂带南段转而向南东流动反映了红河断裂带可能为川滇菱形块体的西南边界;（3）红河断裂带各段速度异常存在明显的差异,重定位后的震源分布显示红河断裂带中段和南段虽然不如北段地震活动强烈,但地震震源深度分布较北段深;（4）腾冲火山区西侧和北侧下方10~20 km深度范围内存在的低速异常体推测为通过怒江断裂带形成的岩浆通道从中地壳涌入上地壳的岩浆囊,可能反映了自更新世延续至今的以橄榄玄武岩和安山岩为主要岩性的壳内岩浆活动,持续的岩浆活动为地表热活动提供了主要动力.     

腾冲火山区的地震层析成像及其构造意义

利用滇西南临时台网和固定台站的地震数据反演了腾冲及邻近地区的P波速度结构,着重分析了腾冲火山区和龙陵7级地震震源区的地壳结构特点.研究结果表明,腾冲火山区下方10～20 km深度范围存在明显的低速区,其横向尺度大约在20～30 km之间;推测这一低速区代表了仍处于活动状态的壳内岩浆源,热流通道有可能通过腾冲断裂延伸至地...     

Seismological study on the crustal structure of Tengchong volcanic-geothermal area

Introduction The Tengchong volcanic-geothermal area is located on the northeast edge of the collision zone between Indian and Eurasian plates, and belongs to Eurasian volcanic zone (the MediterraneanHimalayanSoutheast Asia volcanic zone). In Tengchong area, the Quaternary volcanic, geothermal and seismic activities are all intensive. These phenomena have been drawing the attention of many geoscientists in the world. Their studies are concerned with geology, geophysics, geochemistry, and cr…     

安宁河-则木河断裂带及周边地区Rayleigh波群速度背景噪声成像研究

安宁河-则木河断裂带位于川滇地块、巴颜喀拉地块和华南地块的交接部位,是川滇菱形块体的东部重要边界。利用布设在安宁河-则木河断裂带周边区域的西昌台阵和川西台阵均历时两年、共187个宽频带地震台站的垂直分量的背景噪声数据,采用噪声层析成像方法获得了这一区域4~20s的Rayleigh波群速度分布图像。与前人研究相比,本文结果的横向分辨率有明显改进,在安宁河-则木河断裂带可达20km左右,在其它区域可以达到20~40km。成像结果表明,安宁河-则木河断裂地区上地壳的速度结构存在明显横向不均匀性,速度分布特征与地表地质构造基本一致,不同周期的速度分布变化较小。盐源盆地、西昌盆地和四川盆地西南缘表现为低速异常。九龙附近和南部的德昌-盐边-巧家附近表现为高速异常,分别与出露的花岗岩体和峨眉山玄武岩有关。在安宁河断裂南段和则木河断裂北段能观测到断裂两侧的速度存在明显差异,其余断裂带两侧的速度对比不明显。贡嘎山附近的中上地壳表现为明显的低速异常,其东侧和西南侧高速体的阻挡,以及鲜水河-安宁河断裂带走向的变化,在贡嘎山区形成一个挤压弯曲段,使得川滇菱形块体的东南向水平运动转换为垂直于断裂的挤压作用和垂直隆升,导致了贡嘎山的快速隆起。     

滇西地区壳幔解耦与腾冲火山区岩浆活动的深部构造研究

根据青藏东部边缘的深部地球物理资料,分析了滇西地区壳幔耦合和腾冲火山区岩浆活动的深部构造特征,确认了地幔各向异性与上地幔速度结构(包括P波速度和S波速度)的内在联系,指出产生这一结果的原因与以腾冲火山区为中心的地幔热物质上涌有关:上地幔顶部平均温度升高导致介质强度降低,在印支块体的侧向挤压或印缅块体的向东俯冲作用下发生韧性变形,造成滇西地区地幔各向异性的快波方向与青藏东部地壳块体的旋转方向不一致.此外,鉴于中下地壳低速层的横向非均匀性,估计韧性流动并非贯通青藏高原的东部边缘,而是被不同的构造块体和边界断裂限定在局部地区.总体而言,滇西地区下地壳的地震波速度和电阻率偏低,具备发生韧性变形的构造条件.作为地壳和上地幔之间的解耦层,它使得青藏东部地壳块体旋转产生的构造应力未能传输至上地幔.腾冲火山区的地壳结构与不同时期的岩浆活动有关,火山区东侧的高速结构代表了上新世时期火山通道内冷凝固结的岩浆侵入体或难以挥发的高密度残留物质,火山区西侧的低速结构反映了更新世以来持续至今的岩浆活动,壳内岩浆源主要分布在10～20km的深度范围内,横向尺度约为15～20km,有可能通过地壳深部的断裂与上地幔岩浆源区相连,估计腾冲火山区下方的岩浆活动将持续进行.     

渤海海峡及周边区域地壳结构的层析成像特征

渤海海峡是连接中国东部山东半岛和辽东半岛的重要途径,其跨海通道的地壳稳定性研究受到高度关注.本文利用地震层析成像方法重建三维P波速度模型,揭示了渤海海峡及周边区域地壳和上地幔的构造特征.结果表明,渤海海峡的速度结构存在明显的非均匀性,海峡北部地壳速度较高,结构较为完整,断层活动不明显,与现今较弱的地震活动相吻合,但是地壳底部存在低速薄层,它有可能成为地壳和上地幔之间的滑脱带,需要开展进一步的研究加以确认.相比之下,海峡南部地壳速度偏低,附近区域地震活动频繁,与张家口—蓬莱断裂带通过于此有着密切的联系,该断裂持续不断的地震活动对海峡南部的地壳结构产生了较大的影响.在渤海南部,郯庐断裂带东、西两侧的地壳结构明显不同,西侧速度偏高,东侧至渤海海峡速度偏低,这一特征可能与此地区广泛发育的断层和地震活动有关.另外,受华北克拉通破坏及地幔上涌的影响,渤海地区地壳深部和上地幔速度偏低,郯庐断裂带及渤海海峡附近显示出深部热流的活动迹象,反映了岩石圈减薄和软流圈的局部抬升.     

山东地区地壳P波三维速度结构及其与地震活动的关系

利用山东及周边区域地震台网1975—2014年1月期间记录到的1369个地震的13781个P波到时数据对山东地区地壳结构进行了层析成像研究.结果表明,山东地区地壳速度结构存在明显的不均匀性.沂沭断裂带介质速度结构复杂,呈现明显的分段特征,两侧块体速度存在差异,具有块体边界的构造特征.鲁西断块20km以下深度处存在大规模的低速异常区,这与该地区始新世发生的大规模滑脱拆离构造有关,可能产生于太平洋板块的西向俯冲导致地幔热物质沿沂沭断裂带向上并向西涌动.历史大震及ML4.0以上中强震大部分为走滑型地震,主要发生于高低速异常过渡带且有深大断裂穿过的地区.震群主要发生于低速体上部或周边,且震源深度优势分布在中上地壳,这与地下介质富含流体并导致应力集中有关.     

郯庐断裂带鲁苏皖段地壳速度结构的分段特征及其地质意义

本文采用天然地震近震走时反演地壳三维速度结构的方法获得了郯庐断裂带鲁苏皖段及附近地壳(30°N—37°N,113°E—122°E)三维速度结构.对地壳内分层速度结构的分析发现,郯庐断裂带鲁苏皖段存在速度的分段特征.郯庐断裂带鲁苏皖段浅层35.3°N以北,34.5°N—35.3°N间,33°N—34.5°N间呈现的速度分段和地表出露地层有关,与地质上安丘段、莒县—郯城段,新沂—泗洪段三个破裂单元相对应,且和各段的地震活动相呼应,表明郯庐带新沂到泗洪段可能是断裂的闭锁段.郯庐断裂带鲁苏皖段地壳速度结构自浅至深分为三段,大体位置是:南段(32.5°N—33°N以南),中段(32.5°N—33°N至35°N—35.3°N),北段(35°N—35.3°N以北).上地壳分段与苏鲁超高压变质岩带的插入有关,中、下地壳速度分段则可能和火山岩滞留有关.地壳各层速度结构不同段的速度差异反映了构造块体的速度差异,表明各构造块体在地壳下部仍有差异,郯庐带西侧速度总体高于东侧,反映了不同构造块体的形成和组成差别,也说明了该断裂带可能延伸到莫霍面.而不同深度的分段性可能反映了不同地质演化过程.     

四川芦山MS7.0地震震源区及其周边区域P波三维速度结构研究

利用四川数字地震台网和流动地震台站在芦山M_S7.0地震震后(2013年4月20日—6月23日)记录到的2026次区域地震事件的28188条P波到时资料,采用地震层析成像方法反演得到了芦山地震震源区及其周边区域中上地壳P波三维速度结构. 结果表明,浅部地壳的P波速度异常分布特征与地表地质构造、 地形和岩性密切相关,即成都断陷盆地表现出与第四纪沉积有关的低速异常区;犍为、 乐山一带的川中微升区和川青块体龙门山以西的邻近地带均表现为与构造抬升有关的高速异常;宝兴、 康定附近分布的基性火山岩及火山碎屑岩均呈局部高速异常分布. 芦山地震震源位于高低速异常分界线附近且偏向高速体一侧,其下方存在明显的低速异常分布,可能与流体的存在有关. 流体的作用导致中上地壳内部发震层的弱化,使孕震断层易于破裂,可能对芦山地震起到了触发作用. 芦山地震与汶川地震两次地震的余震密集区相距50 km,这50 km地震空区震源体的深度范围附近目前正处于高速异常区内,加之龙门山断裂带西南段又具有比较典型的断错地貌发育,使得该段地震空区(大邑—邛崃活动断裂破裂空段)现在所处的深浅部构造环境变得复杂,其潜在的地震危险性仍值得进一步关注.      

郯庐断裂带鲁苏皖段及邻区上地幔顶部Pn波速度与各向异性

为着重探讨郯庐断裂带鲁苏皖段的分段特征及其深部结构特征,本研究搜集增加了研究区内近几年的Pn震相数据.经挑选后采用了由2163个地震和301个台站构成的9156条射线,重新反演构建了郯庐断裂带鲁苏皖段及邻区上地幔顶部Pn波速度及方位各向异性分布.尔后,将速度反演结果与地形地貌、大地热流、强震活动及地壳厚度等进行了综合对比和分析;此外,还将Pn波各向异性与地震各向异性其他观测手段的结果展开了对比和讨论.反演结果的可靠性和分辨能力较前文有所提高,研究区上地幔顶部的非均匀性特征揭露得更为清楚,尤其是由Pn波速度揭露的郯庐断裂带分段特征与地质构造特征吻合得更佳.结果表明:(1)Pn波高、低速的分布与地形地貌呈负相关的关系,即山地隆起区呈低速分布,而平原地区表现为高速异常.(2)Pn波速度沿郯庐断裂带的分布具有明显的分段特征,本文的研究结果支持郯庐断裂带在研究范围内的上地幔顶部可细分为4个亚段.由上地幔顶部Pn波速度揭示的郯庐带分段特征与前人根据郯庐断裂带各段的地表地质构造特征给出的分段结果吻合,深、浅耦合的现象表明郯庐断裂带是一条贯穿地壳、深抵Moho面的幔源深大断裂带.(3)Pn波速度与大地热流呈负相关的关系.(4)Pn波速度的分布与强震的发生具有一定的关联性,强震大部分发生在Pn波高、低速过渡地带或者低速区域的地壳内.(5)在南黄海海域新发现一条NNE-SSW向展布的弱高波速异常带,该异常带被强震震中清晰地勾勒了出来,据此推测其下方存在一条切割Moho界面的幔源深大断裂.(6)Pn波各向异性的强弱与地质构造的活动性相关,活动性越强则各向异性强度越大.(7)由地震台站的时间延迟分布可以看出,研究区地壳厚度总体上自SE往NW逐渐增厚;最大厚度位于渤海湾盆地的北西部和西部.     

合肥市地壳浅部三维速度结构及城市沉积环境初探

合肥市位于合肥盆地东南缘,东侧紧邻郯庐断裂带,多条大型隐伏断裂穿过市区.为进一步认识合肥城市下方隐伏断裂的空间展布、性质,以及城市复杂的沉积环境,本文利用布设在合肥市区的58套三分量短周期地震仪组成的台阵,获得了37天的三分量连续波形数据,通过基于射线追踪的面波走时直接成像方法反演得到了合肥市地壳浅部0.6~3.6 km的三维剪切波速度结构,速度结构图像展现了地壳浅部的横向不均匀性和纵向成层性,揭示出NNE、NWW和近EW三组不同走向的隐伏断裂在城市地下浅部的构造特征.取得以下认识：（1）合肥市南、北方向在浅地表（2 km以内）存在显著速度差异,速度分界线位置与已知的近EW向的蜀山断裂一致,断裂南侧呈现低速凹陷,北侧则为高速隆起.低速中心深度达2~3 km,速度异常与该断裂在合肥盆地东部演化过程中的构造反转沉积了不同地层有关;（2）合肥市区存在明显的高速异常带,其走向、位置与穿过该区域的郯庐断裂带西支主干断裂相符,其中五河—合肥断裂在市区北部以东呈现低速凹陷特征,低速区范围与肥东凹陷晚白垩纪以来的沉积构造边界一致,认为肥东凹陷的最大沉积厚度可达2 km以上;（3）合肥市中心跨郯庐断裂带西支主干断裂之间呈现明显的凹、隆相间的复杂构造,推测其是在多组断裂的共同拉伸作用下形成的小型沉积盆地,沉积中心位于郯庐断裂带内部,最大厚度可达3~4 km.由于其展布方向在不同深度与该区域断裂的走向具有明显的相关性,推测不同深度的沉积形态与郯庐断裂带在不同时期的构造演化过程有关.     

SPECTRAL STRUCTURE OF VELOCITY INHOMOGENEITY OF CRUST MEDIUM BELOW THE SOUTHEASTERN MARGIN OF TIBETAN PLATEAU AND ITS ADJACENT REGIONS

In this paper we present results of spectral structure of crustal velocity inhomogeneity beneath the southeastern margin of Tibetan plateau and its adjacent region based on the S wave envelope broadening algorithm. The spectral structure of 8~16Hz band is selected to analyze the special character of crustal inhomogeneity and discuss the correlation between strong earthquakes and inhomogeneities. The result shows that strong and complex inhomogeneities of crustal medium are found in the southeastern margin of Tibetan plateau and its adjacent region. In the upper part of upper crust, the strong and small scale inhomogeneities are imaged in the Longmengshan fault zone and the north of the Anninghe fault zone, the weak and large scale inhomogeneites are imaged in the section from Huolu to Daofu of Xianshuihe fault zone and the south of the Anninghe fault zone. In the lower part of upper crust, strong inhomogeneites are found in the Longmengshan fault zone, Lianfeng fault zone, the north of the Anninghe fault zone and the sections from Huolu to Daofu of the Xianshuihe fault zone, weak inhomogeneites are found in the section from Daofu to Kangding of Xianshuihe fault zone. In the middle crust, strong inhomogeneities are observed in the section of the Baoxing to Dujiangyan, the Baoxing to Kangding, and Kangding to Shimian, and weak inhomogeneities are observed in the northwestern section from Huolu to Kangding, and the Lianfeng fault zone. Comparing the medium inhomogeneities with the location of the strong earthquakes, our results suggest existence of high correlation between them. Strong earthquakes are often located in the transitionary zone between the strong and the weak inhomogeneities. The spatial distribution of the strong and the weak medium inhomogeneities may be related to the broken medium from the strong movement of geological tectonic and the heat flow upwelling along active faults induced by frequent tectonic and volcanic activity.     

THE 3-D VELOCITY STRUCTURE OF CRUST AND UPPERMOST MANTLE AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS IN FUJIAN PROVINCE

It is important to detect the fine velocity structures of the crust and uppermost mantle to understand the regional tectonic evolution, earthquake generation processes, and to conduct earthquake risk assessment. The inversion of uppermost mantle velocity and Moho depth are strongly influenced by crustal velocity heterogeneity. In this study, we collected first arrivals of Pg and Pn and secondary arrivals of Pg wave from the seismograms recorded at Fujian provincial seismic network stations. New 3-D P-wave velocities were inverted by multi-phase joint inversion method in Fujian Province. Our results show that the fault zones in Fujian Province have various velocity patterns. The shallow crust is characterized by high velocity that represents mountains, while the mid-lower crust shows low velocities. The anomalous velocities are correlated closely with tectonic faults in Fujian Province. Velocity anomalies mainly show NE-trending distribution, especially in the mid-lower crust and uppermost mantle, which is consistent with the NE-trending of the regional main fault zones. Meanwhile, a part of velocity patterns show NW trending, which is related to the secondary NW-oriented faults. Such velocity distribution also shows a geological structural pattern of "zoning in east-west direction and blocking in north-south direction" in Fujian area. In the crust, a low velocity zone is found along Zhenghe-Dapu fault zone as mentioned by previous study, however our result shows the low velocity exists at depth of 20~30km in mid-lower crust. Compared with previous study, this low velocity zone is larger and deeper both in range and depth. The crustal thickness of 28~35km from our joint inversion is similar to the results from the receiver functions of previous studies. The thinnest crust(28km)is observed at offshore in the north of Quanzhou; while the thickest crust(35km)is located west of Zhangzhou near the Zhenghe-Dapu fault zone. Generally, thinner crustal thickness is found in offshore of Fujian Province, and thicker crustal thickness is in the mainland. However, we also found that crustal thickness becomes thinner along the east side of Yongan-Jinjiang Fault. The values of Pn velocities in the region vary from 7.71 to 8.26km/s. The velocity distribution of the uppermost mantle presents a large inhomogeneity, which is correlated with the distribution of the fault zone. High Pn velocity anomalies are found mainly along the west side of the Zhenghe-Dapu fault zone(F₂), and the east side of the Shaowu-Heyuan fault zone(F₁), which is strip-shaped throughout the central part of Fujian. Low Pn velocity anomalies are observed along the coast and Taiwan Straits, including the Changle-Zhaoan fault zone, the coastal fault zone, and the Fuzhou Basin. We also found a low Pn velocity anomaly zone, which extends to the coast, in the Shaowu-Heyuan fault zone at the junction of the Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces. In the west of Taiwan Straits, both high and low Pn velocity anomalies are observed. Our results show that the historical strong earthquakes(larger than magnitude 6.0) are mainly distributed between positive and negative anomaly zones at different depth profiles of the crust, and similar anomalies distribution also exists at the uppermost mantle, suggesting that the occurrence of strong earthquakes in the region is not only related to the anomalous crustal velocity structure, but also affected by the velocity anomaly structure from the uppermost mantle.     

长白山-镜泊湖火山区地壳结构接收函数研究

利用71个远震的波形资料,用接收函数方法提取了布设在长白山—镜泊湖火山区的34个宽频带流动数字地震台站的接收函数,通过对接收函数反演,获得了台站下方的S波速度结构.研究结果表明,沈阳—敦化一线莫霍面深度32～33km,向西地壳厚度加厚,到长春附近地壳厚度约为36km.在天池火山口莫霍面深度为达38km,而镜泊湖火山口森林的莫霍面深度约为39km.总体看研究区的地壳厚度是南浅北深.长白山天池火山口附近地下10km左右有一明显的低速层存在;镜泊湖火山口森林附近30km也可能有低速体存在;研究发现莫霍面上S波速度梯度在火山口附近和远离火山口有明显区别.在火山口附近其莫霍面的S波速度梯度比非火山口地区的S波速度梯度明显小,说明火山口下与一般的地壳莫霍面结构有差别.研究发现沈阳—敦化一线两侧的莫霍面深度有较大变化,其位置与地表的敦化—密山断裂基本一致,说明敦化—密山断裂是研究区的一条非常重要的地质构造带.     

腾冲地区地壳速度结构的有限差分成像

利用流动台网和固定台站的地震观测数据,采用有限差分层析成像方法反演了腾冲及邻近地区的地壳P波速度结构,分析了腾冲火山区的岩浆活动和龙陵七级地震的深部构造成因.研究结果表明,腾冲火山区的地壳结构具有明显的非均匀性,浅表层偏低的速度主要为盆地内部的松散沉积层、新生代火山堆积及断裂附近的流体裂隙和热泉活动所致;5～15 km之间的高速体可能代表了早期火山通道内冷却固结的岩浆侵入体或难挥发的超铁镁质残留体;地壳深部的低速体则反映了熔融或半熔融的岩浆体,推断火山区下方的岩浆活动与龙陵七级地震震源区地壳深部的岩浆侵入来自同一源区--现今壳内岩浆活动的主要区域.龙陵震源区的地壳速度结构横向变化较大,怒江断裂东侧和龙陵断裂西侧为高速特征,介质应变强度较大,为应力积累的主要载体;两断裂之间的低速区向下延伸至下地壳,可能与地壳深部的岩浆侵入有关;龙陵断裂和怒江断裂明显控制了这一区域的岩浆活动,七级地震正是发生在断裂下方的速度边界附近.地壳介质强度的横向变化导致了震源区应力积累的不均一性,深部岩浆的聚集和动力作用是龙陵地区发生强震的主要原因.     

Crustal structure in the Kamchatkan segment of the pacific transition zone

Based on deep seismic sounding data, a velocity model of the Earth's crust has been developed for the Kamchatkan segment of the Pacific transition zone. The velocity difference in the structure of the continental and oceanic blocks of the Earth's crust is shown. It has been revealed that these crustal blocks join each other along the deeply inclined fault zone. This zone is located 120 km northwest of the axis of the deep-sea trench. It separates the high-velocity block of eastern peninsulas and bays of Kamchatka from the low-velocity block of the Shatsky Ridge. The latter may be considered to be a contact zone between the continental and oceanic crust.The crust of the regions of Recent volcanic activity in Kamchatka has a number of specific features, such as: a complex heterogeneous structure of the basement; relatively high velocity values in the crust and low values in the upper mantle; anomalous behaviour and velocity inversions related to the complex alternation of sedimentary-volcanogenous and intrusive rocks and zones of hydrothermal alterations; and the possible presence of magma chambers of different types within the crust and the crust-mantle transition zone.     

川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究

根据云南和四川地震台网174个台站记录的4625个区域地震初至Ｐ波和Ｓ波走时资料，并结合其它深部地球物理资料，确定了川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构．在上地壳速度异常分布中，四川盆地为正异常，川西高原为负异常，龙门山断裂带为正、负异常的边界．龙门山断裂、鲜水河断裂以及红河断裂等，在下地壳和上地幔的速度异常中仍显示出构造分界特征，说明它们可能穿透了莫霍界面．腾冲火山区和攀西构造带在50km深度上呈现负速度异常，与上地幔温度和物质组成的差异相联系．川滇地区地壳结构的总体特征是:地壳和上地幔的低平均速度，地壳厚度变化剧烈，地壳和（或）上地幔存在高导层、高热流值．这些同印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞的构造背景有关．川滇菱形块体在地壳内总体上为正常或正异常速度，而其边界的深大走滑断裂存在负速度异常，它有助于地壳块体沿断裂的侧向挤出．在主要的地震带上，中下地壳的负速度异常与地震活动性相关．多数强烈地震发生在具有正速度异常或正常速度分布的上中地壳深度上，而其下方则通常是负速度异常带．      

A study on 3-D velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in Sichuan -Yunnan region, China

Many evidences indicate that the collision of two plates deformed strongly the crust of the SYR, and the deformation has been continued up to the present. In addition, the SYR is in the south segment of the South-North Seismic Zone of China, which is one of the regions in the Chinese mainland, where the seismic activity is very high, and the strong earthquakes frequently occurred. Since the 1970s, a series of large earthquakes with magnitude M>7.0 occurred in SYR, such as the 1970 Tongha…