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根据地震构造类型、规模及大地震的强度和累积地震矩,将12个大震系划分为4个层次。在一个大震系中,累计的地震数为7—10次,最大地震的地震矩约为总地震矩的0.5左右。用分数维的概念对大震系中大震的频度和能量特征作了初步分析。对大震系内的地震的时间分布,可以用随机统计的方法给出其统计的规律。多数大震系的地震累计数N可近似地用时间t的指数函数表示:N=AeBt 相似文献
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文中根据南北地震带中段及附近区域1973年以来86次5.0级以上的地震序列统计结果,对地震序列类型和空间分布进行分析,结果表明:1)研究区域内的地震序列以主余型为主(51%),多震型次之(29%),孤立型最少(20%);同一序列类型中,随着地震震级增大,主余型地震所占的比例增加,多震型、孤立型逐渐减少,7.0级以上地震以主余型为主,无孤立型地震;对于不同破裂类型,逆冲型地震中主余型最多,多震型地震更可能为走滑和正断性质的地震。2)主余型和多震型地震序列的主震与最大余震震级的线性关系相对较好;绝大多数地震的最大余震多发生在震后20d内,主余型最大余震集中在震后3d内发生,多震型地震中次大地震集中在震后12d内发生,孤立型地震的最大余震多发生在地震当天。3)地震序列空间分布显示,主余型地震分布相对较广,多震型地震主要集中在川西巴塘—理塘、川东马边—昭通一带、川北松潘和滇西北云龙、姚安、龙陵及附近区域,甘孜-玉树断裂带、鲜水河断裂带NW段及四川盆地等地更易发生孤立型地震。4)地震序列类型的空间分布可能与本区域的地质构造和历史地震活动存在一定的关系。 相似文献
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本文应用模糊数学方法从给定地区的地震目录中识别出地震簇.这些地震簇由一系列时空相关的地震组成,每一次强震前都可能有其地震簇出现.两次地震的函数由以下公式来确定:eij=1e-1t+2e-2s计算出某一地区所有 MM0地震相互之间的联系强度,并取一个经验参数之后,就可以根据编网原则识别出地震簇.利用地震簇,可以把强震的地震活动性图象识别得更清楚,简单和定量化.此方法曾用于我国大华北及西南地区的地震簇识别与地震活动图象研究.清楚地识别出了13次大震(M6.5)的地震簇.研究了它们的时空特性.近似建立了 lg△t,lgL,lgS 与震级 M 间的线性经验关系,此处△t,L,S 分别表示地震簇的前兆时间(持续时间)及其震中分布的最大线度与面积.显然,这些关系式对地震预报研究可能有一定用途. 相似文献
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依据地震破裂、地震形变带、前震和余震分布,对中国大陆共轭破裂强震进行了初步研究。结果表明,强震共轭破裂现象较普遍,据资料至少有12个单强震、7个双主震和2个主震——强余震为共轭破裂强震。其共轭破裂特征在地震形变带展布、烈度等震线形态、前震和余震分布等方面表现明显。另外,共轭破裂强震具有共轭破裂面方位之一多为北北西向、双主震之间和主——强余震之间相隔时间为“7”和“9”的节律这2个主要的共同点。 相似文献
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This work is a certain stage in investigations devoted to the recognition and examination of the seismic process dynamics in order to assess prospects and elaborate recommendations for the prediction of very strong earthquakes. The work is based on the use of the second-order differential equation, the so-called equation of the dynamics of self-developing processes, as an approximation model. Nine seismic catalogs including information about more than 1.5 million earthquakes were analyzed. The time behavior of three parameters characterizing the seismic process development, namely, the number of seismic events, accumulated conventional strain, and total energy of the events, was examined in terms of the model approximation. More than 17 000 well-defined seismic sequences of activation and attenuation were revealed using these parameters. The sequences account for about 38.5% of the total number of earthquakes from the catalogs studied. The remaining earthquakes belong to sequences of stationary development (in the form of background seismicity and earthquake swarms) and ill-defined sequences of activation and attenuation. The presence of stable regular patterns in the nonlinear development of the seismic process in time makes this process basically predictable. However, additional investigations are required for direct practical use of the regular features revealed in this work. 相似文献
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We examine the spatial distribution of earthquake hypocenters in four central California areas: the aftershock zones of the (1) 1984 Morgan Hill (2) 1979 Coyote Lake, and (3) 1983 Coalinga earthquakes, as well as (4) the aseismically creeping area around Hollister. The basic tool we use to analyze these data are frequency distributions of interevent distances between earthquakes. These distributions are evaluated on the basis of their deviation from what would be expected if earthquakes occurred randomly in the study areas. We find that both background seismic activity and aftershocks in the study areas exhibit nonrandom spatial distribution. Two major spatial patterns, clustering at small distances and anomalies at larger distances, are observed depending on tectonic setting. While both patterns are seen in the strike-slip environments along the Calaveras fault (Morgan Hill, Coyote Lake, and Hollister), aftershocks of the Coalinga event (a thrust earthquake) seem to be characterized by clustering only. The spatial distribution of earthquakes in areas gradually decreasing in size does not seem to support the hypothesis of a self-similar distribution over the range of scales studied here, regardless of tectonic setting. Spatial distributions are independent of magnitude for the Coalinga aftershocks, but events in strike-slip environments show increasing clustering with increasing magnitude. Finally, earthquake spatial distributions vary in time showing different patterns before, during, and following the end of aftershock sequences. 相似文献
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本文使用四川台网地震目录全部资料,适当参考邻省地震目录,对于四川省从1970年下半年以来发生的15组5级以上地震(另有5组缺乏完整资料无法讨论),作 R-t 图、D-t 图寻找时间空区,并作相应的平面空区图.通过对比分析,发现6组6级以上和4组5级地震前震中附近出现空区现象.根据形成空区的变化过程可分为先扩(大)后缩(小)型和逐渐扩大的开放型两种类型.平面空区的位置和形状往往与构造展布有关.有5组5级震例,或因震前震中区小震不断,或因震中及其附近地区小震太少,看不出明显的空区.本文利用出现空区的10个震例,总结出空区参数与未来地震的震级的经验关系:M=5.50 lg Rmax-2.331.32 M=2.98 lgT+2.941.06 M=2.52lg(RmaxT)-0.510.96文中将上述结果与大竹政和的结果作了对比.空区不同变化形态可用金森博雄概括的突起点模式加以解释. 相似文献
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(陈锦标,沈萍,郑治真)Applicationofdigitalimageprocessingtothedeterminationofspatialdistributionofearthquakes¥Jin-BiaoCHEN;PingSHENandZ... 相似文献
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Two kinds of seismic gaps 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Kiyoo Mogi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1979,117(6):1172-1186
The same term seismic gaps has been used for different kinds of seismic gaps, resulting in some confusion. It is shown that there are two kinds of seismic gaps which are defined by two different features of seismic activity. One is a gap in the spatial distribution of rupture zones of the largest earthquakes in a seismic belt. This is termed a seismic gap of the first kind. A seismic gap of the first kind could be identified not only for great shallow earthquakes along plate boundaries, but also probably for smaller intra-plate earthquakes. The other is a gap in seismicity of smaller-magnitude earthquakes before larger earthquakes. This premonitory phenomenon is termed a seismic gap of the second kind. Focal regions of the largest earthquakes in an active seismic belt are frequently seismic gaps of both the first and the second kind. Some earthquakes, however, are not preceded by any appreciable premonitory gap (the second kind). This different feature in different cases may depend on the structural states of the earth's crust, such as heterogeneity. 相似文献
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从导出的地震定标律和地震破裂过程的断裂力学模式出发,得到了震源平均位移、速度和加速度谱的表达式,进而又推导出震源的峰值位移d_m,速度v_m和加速度a_m的表达式:d_m=k_dM_0~2/~3τ_0~(2/3),v=k_vM_0~(1/3)τ_0~(4/3),a_m=k_aτ_0~2式中M_0是地震矩,τ_0是环境剪应力值,k_d,k_v,k_a为适当的常数.我们选用了66个地震的观测资料,这些地震的矩震级范围包括了从1级左右的极微震,3-5级的小震,直到6-7级的大震;地震矩从10~9-10~(20)Nm,跨越了10个数量级,并用这些地震检验了上述公式. 令所有地震的平均应力为5MPa,定出常数k_d,k_v,k_a,进而由速度和加速度观测资料求得66个地震的环境剪应力τ_0值,这些数值相当稳定.多数极微震的τ_0值在2-4MPa之间;小震的τ_0值多数在4-8MPa左右;大震的τ_0值为10MPa左右。τ_0值对震源深度和断层类型有明显的依赖性.一般深度很浅的小震和极微震,τ_0值很低;正断层地震的τ_0值相对较低;逆断层地震的τ_0值较高;走滑断层地震的τ_0值则居中. 相似文献
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活动断裂带中地震时空分布的信息维 D1避免了容量维 D0的缺陷,考虑了每一地震事件对信息所作的贡献,从新的角度反映了地震分布时空结构特征.计算表明,炉霍大震前鲜水河断裂带地震分布时间结构信息维 D1=0.1051,这是该区大震活动的一个参考性判据.安宁河断裂带十七年现今地震分布时间结构信息维:北段,D1(tN)=0.1363;南段,D1(tS)=0.06710.地震空间分布信息维:北段,D1(KN)=1.053;南段,D1(Ks)=0.7758.南北两段分属信息维维数不同的两个自相似系统.南段地震活动自组织程度较高.这有助于强震重点监测区内主要危险段的判定地震时空分布 D1特征探索对于活断层研究以及地震预报都有一定的意义. 相似文献
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发震构造特性是潜在震源区划分及其地震年发生率确定的重要依据。潜在震源区除了反映“未来具有发生破坏性地震的地区”的内涵外,还应反映高震级档地震具有相似复发特征的涵义。由于在地震活动性参数统计单元内,有一些具有不同本底地震的活动构造块体,为更好地反映地震活动的空间不均匀性,考虑潜在震源区的三级划分是有必要的。通过分析潜在震源区内高震级档地震的复发特征,计算预测时段内潜在震源区的高震级档地震的发震概率,采用预测时段内概率等效转换获得地震年平均发生率的方法,有助于在中国地震危险性分析框架内考虑潜在震源区的强震复发特性。另外,文中还对潜在震源区内特征地震次级震级档频度不足的特性和发震构造上强震非均匀性在地震危险性分析中的应用问题进行了探讨 相似文献
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在新的地震活跃期中,台湾海峡7.3级地震和北部湾两次6级地震的发生,标志着华南弧岛系统相应了进入了强烈活动阶段,它们虽然都受控于太平洋板块(包括菲律宾海弧块)的西向挤压,但由于块体运动的主支与被动,作用力量级的不同和地质构造的差异而存在强度和诸多参数的差别。尽管如此,两处地震无疑都属于板内地震,利用它们和板缘地震的关系,可宏观地观测华南大陆的地震活动趋势。 相似文献
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Yebang Xu 《地震科学(英文版)》1992,5(2):389-398
The research of the information dimension (D 1) in an active fault zone considers the contribution of each seismic event to information and reflects the characteristics of the temporal and spatial distributions of earthquakes from a new point of view, avoiding some short-comings of the research about the capacity dimension (D 0). The results of calculation show that the information dimension of the temporal distribution in Xianshuihe active fault zone before Luhuo large earthquake isD 1=0.1051. It is a consult creterion of large earthquakes in future in the fault zone. The information dimensions of the temporal distribution of the earthquakes in Anninghe active fault zone are respectivelyD 1(t N)=0.1363 (for the north section) andD 1(t S)=0.06710 (for the south section). The information dimensions of the spatial distribution are respectivelyD 1(K N)=1.053 (for the north section) andD 1(K S)=0.7758 (for the south section). The north section and the south section belong to two self-similar systems with different information dimensions respectively. The extent of the self-organization of seismic activity in the south section is higher than that in the north section. This is helpful for us to judge the major dangerous section in the key region of the seismic monitoring. The research about the information dimension of the temporal and the spatial distributions of earthquakes is significant for the exploration of active fault zones and seismic prediction. 相似文献