淮南煤田上石盒子组地层中发现海绵岩

安徽省淮南煤田上石盒子组的中上部,即第六含煤组18煤和19煤之间以及19煤上部,在各勘探区都发现1～2层厚度约10厘米的硅质层。最近在明龙山附近一个钻孔中,在18煤和19煤间采得硅质层厚10厘米,肉眼观察为黑色、灰黑色,裂隙较发育。经薄片鉴定,发现90％左右都是海绵骨针,骨     

碰撞/反应池ICP-MS测定煤及燃煤产物中V、Cr、Co、Ni、Mn五种过渡金属元素

<正>近年来,煤以及燃煤产物中过渡金属元素的研究越来越备受关注,这主要是因为过渡金属元素在国防事业和航空事业中的应用越来越广泛。本文采用微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS),应用碰撞反应池(CCT)模式测定了煤及燃煤产物(飞灰)中的V、Cr、Co、Ni、Mn五种过渡金属元素;建立了测定煤及燃煤产物中V、Cr、Co、Ni、Mn过渡金属元素的方法。在测试过程中采用Rh作为内标,通过     

家用炉灶不同燃煤模式下挥发性有机污染物释放初步研究

利用罐采样和GC/FID分析系统研究了家用炉灶不同燃煤模式下挥发性有机污染物释放情况。结果显示,不同燃煤模式下挥发性有机物的排放因子不同,家用煤炉在压煤燃烧模式下具有较高挥发性有机物排放。从燃煤烟气中挥发性有机物水平来看,家用煤炉燃烧释放的VOC(特别是压煤燃烧模式下)大大超过电站燃煤燃烧释放。燃煤烟气中挥发性有机物主要以C2、C3、苯和甲苯为主,所占比例分别达到28.4%,15.7%,15.6和12.5%。     

燃煤过程中有害元素转化机理研究进展

综述了煤中有毒、有害元素经燃烧之后的存在形式与去向,元素在燃烧过程中的热解释放行为及其转化机理;强调煤中无机组分为主要存在许多有毒、爱元素在燃烧过程中会释放出来,然后再分异扩散到各种燃烧产物之中,地民人体廷民危害;指出今后研究不仅限于煤中有毒、有害元素的形成机理,更应侧重对燃烧产物中毒、有害元素的分异与去除方法作进一步的研究与试验,力求使燃煤对环境与人体健康产生的危害降低到最低程度。     

贵州煤中汞的分布,赋存状态及对环境的影响

对贵州省六枝、水城、盘县和贵阳等４大煤田煤中汞的研究表明：煤中汞的平均含量为０．５５２μｇ／ｇ;煤中汞主要赋存于黄铁矿中,硅酸盐矿物相中汞的分布量很少;贵州燃煤引起的汞污染问题非常严重。     

准能矸石电厂燃煤产物稀土元素分异规律及矿物特征研究

内蒙古准格尔煤田是煤系金属富集的典型,可以作为新的稀土元素来源,燃煤产物是煤型稀有金属提取冶炼的直接原料。运用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、能谱扫描电镜(SEM-EDX)等对内蒙古鄂尔多斯准能矸石电厂流化床燃煤产物进行了分析测试,结果表明：(1)准能矸石电厂炉前煤稀土元素含量190.42μg/g,与世界煤相比表现为轻度富集,但在燃烧后,在粉煤灰和底灰中发生明显的分异,煤中稀土元素约80%进入粉煤灰,使得粉煤灰中稀土元素含量达到865.37μg/g,换算为稀土元素氧化物(REO)含量约为1 081μg/g,参照《稀土矿产地质勘查规范》(DZ/T 0204—2002)规定的稀土元素工业品位要求,具有开发利用价值;(2)准能矸石电厂燃煤底灰与粉煤灰中的矿物种类基本一致,仅存在含量上的差别。燃煤产物的主要组成矿物包括莫来石、石英、赤铁矿、玻璃体等。其中莫来石含量16.3%～19.8%,非晶质玻璃体含量65.7%～69.1%,粉煤灰矿物中莫来石含量与附近的国华电厂(原准格尔电厂)及其他电厂相比相对较少,而非晶态玻璃体含量较高,可能的原因是其炉前煤(黑岱沟6号...     

我国煤地质学当前和今后一段时期的若干热点问题

为石油地质学领域比起来,煤地质学领域近下多年来显得有点“冷清”。燃煤过程中出现的环境污染问题以及煤作为油气源岩新认识的出现,又使相对“冷清”的煤地质学领域闪烁着一些“热点”。     

老厂矿区无烟煤中砷的分布类型及赋存形态

云南东部晚二叠世煤田老厂矿区无烟煤中砷的含量为0.1×10-6~86.2×10-6,平均6.2×10-6,为区域背景含量的3.4倍。煤中砷的分布有两种成因类型:陆源沉积型、后期矿化叠加型,后者的含砷丰度显著高于前者。通过浮选试验,对两种类型煤中砷的赋存形态、主要载体矿物及含砷丰度进行了分析和计算。根据实测数据评价了砷的可选性及燃煤过程中砷的挥发性。      

煤灰中金的地球化学研究进展北大核心CSCD

综述了国内外煤灰中金的研究进展,详细探讨了煤灰中金的分布规律,煤燃烧时金的迁移规律、金挥发的影响因素与利用可行性。世界范围内绝大多数煤灰中金含量比原煤中要富集,仅发现部分地区煤灰中金含量比原煤中低。煤中金的赋存状态、成煤地质地球化学环境及燃烧条件是影响燃煤过程中金挥发的主要因素,其中赋存状态对燃煤过程中金的再分配起控制作用。煤灰中金储量的初步计算结果表明,黔西南煤与煤灰中金颇具利用潜力。     

沁水煤田15号煤中氟的赋存状态及其沉积环境分析

氟是煤中有害元素之一,燃煤型氟排放造成的污染已经对人类的健康安全构成威胁。研究煤中氟赋存状态及其沉积环境,对掌握高氟煤分布规律及控制燃煤造成的氟排放具有重要意义。通过对沁水煤田内6座煤矿15号煤样品的分析发现:煤中氟含量与灰分显著相关,与黄铁矿硫、有机硫无相关关系,表明煤中氟主要以无机物形式赋存,且与含硫矿物无关;与钾、镁、硅、铝等元素含量具有显著的相关关系,表明氟有可能的主要赋存形式为金云母、氟金云母等矿物,以及以吸附存在于高岭石、勃姆石、伊蒙混层等黏土矿物中;与钙、磷元素含量无显著相关性,表明氟不以氟磷灰石、含氟羟基磷灰石等矿物大量赋存。此外,通过对沁水煤田15号煤的沉积环境分析发现,弱还原环境、较低盐度、偏酸性、较强的水动力条件有利于该区域煤中氟的富集。     

Character of the Si and Al Phases in Coal Gangue and Its Ash

Abstract: Analysis of the Si and Al phases in coal gangue fuel and its ash is important for use of coal gangue ashes. A comprehensive study by theoretical and experimental analyses with differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and Infrared Spectroscopy has been made in the present article to explore the diagram of the Si and Al phases in coal gangue fuel and its ashes. It is found that kaolinite and quartz are the main phases in coal gangue fuel. The ratio of moles Al2O3 to SiO2 (i.e., Al2O3 (mole) /SiO2 (mole)) is usually no more than 0.5 in most coal gangue fuel and its ashes. The kaolinit at about 984°C releases a large quantity of SiO2, which makes calcine coal gangue more active than coal gangue itself. The relationship between the ratio Al2O3 (mole)/SiO2(mole) and the components of coal gangue ash is analyzed, resulting in a formula to calculate the quantity of each phase. Applying the formula to the testing samples from an electric plant in north China supports the above conclusions.     

Geology, coal quality, and resources of the Antaramut–Kurtan–Dzoragukh coal field, north-central Armenia

The Antaramut–Kurtan–Dzoragukh (AKD) coal deposit is a previously unrecognized coal field in north-central Armenia. Coal has been known to exist in the general vicinity since the turn of the century, but coal was thought to be restricted to a small (1 km²) area only near the village of Antaramut. However, through detailed field work and exploratory drilling, this coal deposit has been expanded to at least 20 km², and thus renamed the Antaramut–Kurtan–Dzoragukh coal field, for the three villages that the coal field encompasses. The entire coal-bearing horizon, a series of tuffaceous sandstones, siltstones, and claystones, is approximately 50 m thick. The AKD coal field contains two coal beds, each greater than 1 m thick, and numerous small rider beds, with a total resource of approximately 31,000,000 metric tonnes. The coals are late Eocene in age, high volatile bituminous in rank, relatively high in ash yield (approximately 40%, as-determined basis) and moderate in sulfur content (approximately 3%, as-determined basis). The two coal beds (No. 1 and No. 2), on a moist, mineral-matter-free basis, have high calorific values of 32.6 MJ/kg (7796 cal/g) and 36.0 MJ/kg (8599 cal/g), respectively. Coal is one of the few indigenous fossil fuel resources occurring in Armenia and thus, the AKD coal field could potentially provide fuel for heating and possibly energy generation in the Armenian energy budget.     

盘县马依西二井田17^-1号煤层煤质特征分析与评价

马依西二井田位于贵州省盘县煤田盘南矿区南部,含煤地层为二叠系上统龙潭组,17^-1号煤层厚0.70～9.36m,全区可采,宏观煤岩类型为半亮—半暗煤,显微煤岩类型为微镜惰煤。煤质特征表明该煤层为中灰分、特低挥发份、中高固定碳、中高硫、特低磷、中热值的三号无烟煤,可作动力煤和燃料煤使用。     

Sulfur Isotopic Characteristics of Coal in China and Sulfur Isotopic Fractionation during Coal—burning Process

The determined results of the sulfur contents and isotopic composition of coal samples from major coal mines in 15 provinces and regions of China show that the coal mined in the north of China is characterized by higher ^34S and lower sulfur content, but that in the south of China has lower ^34S and higher sulfur content.During the coal-burning process in both indrstrial and daily use of coal as fuel the released sulfur dioxide is always enriched in lighter sulfur isotope relative to the corresponding coal;the particles are always enriched in heavier sulfur isotope.The discussion on the environmental geochemical significance of the above-mentioned results also has been made.     

安康石煤资源特征及勘查开发建议

石煤是早古生代地层中的煤炭,它是由菌藻类等低等生物在浅海还原环境下形成的。安康石煤以高灰、高硫、低发热量为特点,规模小,伴生有益组分多,是安康重要的民用燃料。     

Hydrogen from coal: Production and utilisation technologies

Although coal may be viewed as a dirty fuel due to its high greenhouse emissions when combusted, a strong case can be made for coal to be a major world source of clean H₂ energy. Apart from the fact that resources of coal will outlast oil and natural gas by centuries, there is a shift towards developing environmentally benign coal technologies, which can lead to high energy conversion efficiencies and low air pollution emissions as compared to conventional coal fired power generation plant. There are currently several world research and industrial development projects in the areas of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC) and Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell (IGFC) systems. In such systems, there is a need to integrate complex unit operations including gasifiers, gas separation and cleaning units, water gas shift reactors, turbines, heat exchangers, steam generators and fuel cells. IGFC systems tested in the USA, Europe and Japan employing gasifiers (Texaco, Lurgi and Eagle) and fuel cells have resulted in energy conversions at efficiency of 47.5% (HHV) which is much higher than the 30–35% efficiency of conventional coal fired power generation. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) are the front runners in energy production from coal gases. These fuel cells can operate at high temperatures and are robust to gas poisoning impurities. IGCC and IGFC technologies are expensive and currently economically uncompetitive as compared to established and mature power generation technology. However, further efficiency and technology improvements coupled with world pressures on limitation of greenhouse gases and other gaseous pollutants could make IGCC/IGFC technically and economically viable for hydrogen production and utilisation in clean and environmentally benign energy systems.     

内蒙古乌兰诺尔井田6号煤层煤质特征研究

乌兰诺尔井田位于内蒙古自治区东北部,含煤地层主要为白垩系下统巴彦花组,6号煤是区内唯一可采煤层,其显微组分镜质组含量为85.2%～91.0%,惰质组含量为2.0%～13.4%,壳质组在2%以下。测试分析表明6号煤属中灰、低—中高硫、高热值褐煤,其挥发分高,化学反应性好,燃烧时速度快,反应充分,是很好的动力燃料,适用于火力发电。     

鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪成煤模式与煤质

从鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪煤的两种主要成煤模式,探讨成煤环境条件对煤质的控制作用.河流成煤模式的煤层富惰质组,湖泊三角洲成煤模式的煤层富镜质组,由于不同显微组分的物理化学性质和工艺性质的差异,富惰质组煤利于气化、动力燃烧、制吸附剂,富镜质组煤则首选液化和配焦.     

浙西石煤产区放射性污染及防治对策

浙江西部山区石煤资源丰富，广泛地被应用于石煤制品的生产和用做部分电厂、山区农村的燃料。石煤中U、Th等放射性核素含量高，致使部分石煤及其制品中U、Th等放射性核素含量偏高。U、Th是Rn的母体元素，衰变后不断释放出氡气，导致石煤产区居室内氡浓度和居民年辐射剂量当量严重超标，危害人体健康。本文在分析该区部分石煤产区、石煤制品、石煤电厂以及居室中的放射性元素污染的基础上，提出了相应的防治措施。     

国内外煤炭能源“绿色化”综述

大力开发应用煤炭能源“绿色化”技术,尽可能地减少环境的污染,已成为人们加速开发能源利用新技术的共识。当前国内外开展煤炭能源“绿色化”的技术主要有洁净煤技术、整体燃汽联合循环发电,磁流体发电循环系统,燃料电池、以煤代油等技术。通过“绿色化”技术的开发利用,不但治理了环境,还从煤中提取了城市煤气、甲醇、二甲醚、重油、轻油、酚、硫……等产品,既充分开发利用资源,又可缓解能源的不足,增加了巨大的经济效益和社会可持续发展的效益。