苏通大桥形变的GPS动态监测

针对目前大桥监测的现状及各种监测方法的优缺点,该文结合苏通大桥运营情况,研究了GPS动态监测的原理、系统组成、坐标转换及监测注意事项,并对其进行了GPS动态监测试验。采集了桥面沿轴线方向、横向及竖向位移数据,对大桥在温度、风荷、车载等因素影响下的运营期大桥响应情况进行了分析。表明大桥轴线方向位移与温度正相关,1/4跨处相关系数为0.859;竖向位移与温度负相关,1/4跨处相关系数-0.817。并对数据进行了频谱分析,分析结果表明频谱没有明显变化;大桥各方向振幅在安全范围内,表明运营期的大桥十分健康;同时也表明GPS动态系统监测结果是可靠的。     

高层建筑物GPS动态变形监测数据处理

本文利用小波阈值降噪方法对高层建筑物GPS动态变形监测数据进行处理,针对不同小波基选取对结果影响进行了实验分析,表明小波变换可实现高层建筑物GPS动态监测数据的有效去噪,可克服传统处理技术对非平稳、非等时间间隔观测数据序列滤波的局限性,为监测数据的处理方法提供一定参考。     

GPS动态监测数据优化分析及变形特征的提取

GPS变形监测系统中的监测点的观测资料是与时间有关的信号序列,本文研究应用小波分析优化流程,结合苏通大桥GPS变形监测系统获取的监测点数据序列进行分析。结果表明,选择合适的小波基函数,对数据信号进行小波分解与重构,可以有效地从受到强噪声干扰的监测数据序列中提取有用的特征信号,较好解决了传统处理技术对GPS动态观测数据去噪以及特征信息提取的局限性。     

Multipath interference mitigation in GNSS via WRELAX

In order to suppress the multipath interference in global navigation satellite system, two algorithms based on NLS (nonlinear least square) parameter estimation are proposed. Instead of the classic delay lock loop, the first proposed algorithm estimates the parameters of the line of sight signal and the multipath interference in the correlation domain. The NLS cost function is solved by WRELAX (weighted Fourier transform and RELAXation), which decouples the multidimensional optimization problem into a sequence of one-dimensional optimization problems in a conceptually and computationally simple way. In order to further reduce the complexity, the second NLS algorithm utilizing the characteristic of the C/A code is proposed, which estimate the parameters in the data domain. Finally, the two proposed algorithms are compared with the existing multipath interference methods and show excellent performance and less computational burden.     

Characteristics of multipath effects in GPS dynamic deformation monitoring

IntroductionThere are many factors that affect the precisionand reliability of GPS measuring. Generally, theerror sources can be grouped into the followingthree classes: errors correlated with the satellites(such as ephemeris error, satellite clock error,…     

区域GPS形变监测网的数据处理方法比较分析

获得合理的形变分析量是形变监测的前提。本文以测站坐标和速率为参数,分析比较了形变分析数据处理的3种方法:静态平差解、动态平差解以及滤波解,由于随机误差的存在,这3种解变得不等价;进而分析了这3种数据处理的方差分量解。最后以陕西省中部的一形变监测网为例,分析了其应用效果。     

GPS vector configuration design for monitoring deformation networks

 The performance of geodetic monitoring networks is heavily influenced by the configuration of the measured GPS vectors. As an effective design of the GPS measurements will decrease GPS campaign costs and increase the accuracy and reliability of the entire network, the identification of the preferred GPS vectors for measurement has been highlighted as a core problem in the process of deformation monitoring. An algorithm based on a sensitivity analysis of the network, as dependent upon a postulated velocity field, is suggested for the selection of the optimal GPS vectors. Relevant mathematical and statistical concepts are presented as the basis for an improved method of vector configuration design. A sensitivity analysis of the geodetic geodynamic network in the north of Israel is presented, where the method is examined against two deformation models, the Simple Transform Fault and the Locked Fault. The proposed method is suggested as a means for the improvement of the design of monitoring networks, a common practice worldwide. Received: 30 July 2001 / Accepted: 3 June 2002 Acknowledgments. It is my pleasant duty to thank the Survey of Israel and Dr. E. Ostrovsky for providing the variance–covariance matrix of the G1 network in northern Israel. I would like to thank the reviewers of this paper for their constructive and helpful remarks.     

GPS Dynamic Monitoring Analysis of Long-Span Experiment and Result Cable-Stayed Bridge

For the sake of timely appraising the working condition of the bridge, measuring the dynamic Characteristics of the bridge structure is very important and necessary. A GPS dynamic monitoring test was carried out in the Wuhan Baishazhou Bridge, which is one of the longest span cable-stayed bridges having been built in China. This paper introduces the experimental implementing scheme and data processing method. The vibration characteristics of the middle span of cable-stayed bridge are availably obtained by use of the spectral analytic approach. The measuring results are very identical to the theoretical designed values. The research demonstrates that, with GPS receiver of the high sampling rate and suitable data processing method, the vibration characteristics of the bridge structure can be determined with high accuracy.     

Bringing GPS into harsh environments for fully automated deformation monitoring

Engineering projects that require deformation monitoring frequently utilize geodetic sensors to measure displacements of target points located in the deformation zone. In situations where control stations and targets are separated by a kilometer or more, GPS can offer higher precision position updates at more frequent intervals than can normally be achieved using total station technology. For large-scale deformation projects requiring the highest precision, it is therefore advisable to use a combination of the two sensors. In response to the need for high precision, continuous GPS position updates in harsh deformation monitoring environments, a software has been developed that employs triple-differenced carrier-phase measurements in a delayed-state Kalman filter. Two data sets were analyzed to test the capabilities of the software. In the first test, a GPS antenna was displaced using a translation stage to mimic slow deformation. In the second test, data collected at a large open pit mine were processed. It was shown that the delayed-state Kalman filter developed could detect millimeter-level displacements of a GPS antenna. The actual precision attained depends upon the amount of process noise infused at each epoch to accommodate the antenna displacements. Higher process noise values result in quicker detection times, but at the same time increase the noise in the solutions. A slow, 25 mm displacement was detected within 30 min of the full displacement with sigma values in E, N and U of ±10 mm or better. The same displacement could also be detected in less than 5 h with sigma values in E, N and U of ±5 mm or better. The software works best for detecting long period deformations (e.g., 20 mm per day or less) for which sigma values of 1–2 mm are attained in all three solution components. It was also shown that the triple-differenced carrier-phase observation can be used to significantly reduce the effects of residual tropospheric delay that would normally plague double-differenced observations in harsh GPS environments.

GPS、GIS在变形监测中的应用

论述了GPS形变监测网的建立和观测方法,提出一种利用GPS数据计算监测点坐标的方法,实现了应用GIS科学地管理各种变形监测信息。     

基于小波变换的GPS动态变形分析

介绍了小波滤波去噪的原理并讨论在动态环境下GPS多路径效应的重复性问题。首先利用小波方法对静态观测数据的残差进行去噪,提取具有系统性的多路径误差改正模型。然后,根据多路径误差重复性的特点,对后续动态观测的数据进行改正。通过实验证明:经重复性模型改正后残余的多路径噪声符合正态分布的特点。然后采用小波软阈值去噪方法,消除剩余的多路径误差,可进一步提高动态变形监测的精度。     

GPS构造沉降监测数据处理及变形分析

为了防洪防灾及对水患区的治理,在洞庭湖区建立了高精度的GPS构造沉降监测网。顾及到对流层延迟的影响,实测了每个测站处的气象数据。基线解算采用了高精度的解算软件GAMIT,监测网平差使用了GLOBK软件。解算出的起算点的坐标精度为±3.0mm。由两期GPS观测数据所计算的各个监测点的南北方向和东西方向的中误差都小于1mm,垂直方向的精度都优于3.0mm。研究和计算结果表明,洞庭湖区的构造沉降变形是很显著的。两期GPS监测获得的每个监测点的垂直变形值显著可信,可直接用于沉降变形分析和地壳运动研究。     

GPS天线阵列变形监测系统设计及应用

GPS是监测大坝以及滑坡安全的有效手段。但是成本过高是限制其发展的关键问题,文中提出的GPS天线阵列变形监测系统很好地解决了这些问题,该系统利用GPS多天线共享器,有效降低了设备成本。此系统已长期运行于云南省漫湾水电站,通过实践证明GPS天线阵列监测系统拥有与常规GPS监测方法相当的精度,但大大降低了监测系统的成本。     

基于小波消噪的时序分析改进法在GPS变形监测中的应用

考虑到小波技术在粗差探测、消噪方面有特殊的作用,本文结合实际算例,把小波分析与传统数据处理技术结合作为研究对象,提出一种基于小波消噪的时序分析改进法。并对这种处理方法在GPS监测中的应用作了充分地论证。结果表明,经过小波处理后,时序分析法在预报方面有明显的进步,小波处理后的时序分析法比小波处理前的精度高,从而说明了这种改进方法的可行性。     

大桥GPS动态监测去噪方法

针对从GPS实际监测到的信号中去除噪声,提取真实信号的问题,该文对EMD去噪法、小波阈值去噪法,EMD小波去噪3种方法进行了比较,并通过实例分析得出:3种方法均可滤除噪声,但效果各不相同;EMD对信号分解具有良好的自适应性,但在滤除噪声时可能因为模态混叠的原因造成过滤不完全,各分量中可能均含有一定量的噪声;小波滤波噪声效果和小波基、阈值函数及分解层数选择有关,具有主观性;对于EMD小波混合去噪方法,提出先用EMD自适应方法进行分解,分解出噪声主导分量和信号主导分量;对于高频噪声主导分量,可能含有少量有用信号,故须再用小波阈值法过滤出有用信号;而对于信号主导分量,再用小波滤除多余噪声,最后进行逆变换得到重构后的信号。实例表明EMD小波混合去噪方法能很好地去除噪声,是一种高效的去噪方法。     

An integrated GPS–accelerometer data processing technique for structural deformation monitoring

Global Positioning System (GPS) is being actively applied to measure static and dynamic displacement responses of large civil engineering structures under winds. However, multipath effects and low sampling frequencies affect the accuracy of GPS for displacement measurement. On the other hand, accelerometers cannot reliably measure static and low-frequency structural responses, but can accurately measure high-frequency structural responses. Therefore, this paper explores the possibility of integrating GPS-measured signals with accelerometer-measured signals to enhance the measurement accuracy of total (static plus dynamic) displacement response of a structure. Integrated data processing techniques using both empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and an adaptive filter are presented. A series of motion simulation table tests are then performed at a site using three GPS receivers, one accelerometer, and one motion simulation table that can simulate various types of motion defined by input wave time histories around a pre-defined static position. The proposed data processing techniques are applied to the recorded GPS and accelerometer data to find both static and dynamic displacements. These results are compared with the actual displacement motions generated by the motion simulation table. The comparative results demonstrate that the proposed technique can significantly enhance the measurement accuracy of the total displacement of a structure.     

GPS变形监测的SSDM方法的理论与实践

全球定位技术已广泛应用于监测各种建构物的变形,本文根据高精度GPS变形监测的特点,从六个方面综合性地介绍了SSDM(似单差方法)的理论与实践。第一部分介绍了SSDM方法产生的背景,第二部分给出了其基本数学模型。第三部分分析了SSDM方法的误差来源和控制措施,第四部分介绍了采用SSDM方法进行变形监测的监测方案,第五部分简单介绍了采用SSDM方法开发的软件。最后一部分,对SSDM方法的一些重要结论进行总结。本文中,某些论据以参考文献形式给出。     

GPS技术在万州明镜滩滑坡监测中的应用

GPS定位技术的发展为边坡变形监测提供了一种简便可靠的手段。本文阐述了应用GPS技术提取地表变形信息和GPS数据处理的方法,结合重庆市万州区明镜滩应用GPS监测网进行滑坡监测的实践,研究了在地形复杂、观测条件恶劣的山区进行GPS滑坡变形监测点位选择、监测网布设和数据处理的方法。监测结果表明,GPS变形监测的精度可达到亚厘米级,完全可以应用于滑坡变形监测。     

东海大桥GPS天线阵列变形监测方案设计

介绍了自主研制的GPS天线阵列变形监测系统。根据东海大桥的具体情况,给出两个东海大桥GPS天线阵列变形监测的设计方案。采用该设计方案,建设东海大桥变形监测系统的成本仅为隔河岩模式的31%。