塔里木盆地西北缘新元古界层序地层划分及区域对比意义

进行塔里木盆地新元古界层序划分及区域对比,有助于盆地形成早期环境演化研究与深部油气勘探。本文以塔里木盆地西北缘为例,通过新元古界沉积特征详尽剖析,划分了地层序列,进一步结合前人成果,对盆地周缘新元古界层序地层进行了区域对比。结果表明,受塔里木新元古代裂谷盆地演化的“裂陷—裂拗转换—拗陷”三个阶段控制,盆地西北缘新元古界可划分为三个二级层序：层序Sq1形成于成冰纪早期裂陷阶段,由成冰系东巧恩布拉克组和牧羊滩组构成,分布于孤立的小型地垒-地堑盆地,主要发育冰川及浅水陆棚沉积;层序Sq2形成于成冰纪晚期—埃迪卡拉纪早期裂—拗转换阶段,由成冰系尤尔美那克组与埃迪卡拉系苏盖特布拉克组构成,因盆地连通性加强而分布范围增大,发育冰川、潮坪及浅水陆棚沉积;层序Sq3形成于埃迪卡拉纪晚期拗陷阶段,由埃迪卡拉系奇格布拉克组构成,地层向隆起上超且分布范围广,发育碳酸盐岩台地沉积。根据塔里木盆地新元古代沉积-构造演化背景及年代地层格架,盆地西北缘阿克苏地区新元古界三分的层序充填样式可与盆地东北缘库鲁克塔格地区、西南缘叶城地区对比,其中Sq1层序及Sq2层序底部冰川杂砾岩分别与全球成冰纪Sturtian和Mar...     

湘西地区古生代地层特征及沉积体系研究

通过湘西地区的地层发育特点及构造演化过程的研究,揭示其沉积体系演化特征。湘西地区古生代沉积了寒武系—二叠系。其中,寒武系纽芬兰统发育浅海陆棚碎屑岩相,寒武系第二统下部发育浅海陆棚碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩混合相,寒武系第二统中部—奥陶系发育海相碳酸盐岩台地相,志留系发育前陆盆地碎屑岩—生物礁相,泥盆系发育滨岸砂岩相,二叠系发育海相碳酸盐—潮坪相。依据岩性、岩相组合将湘西地区古生界划分为:深水滞留盆地、浅海陆棚、开阔碳酸盐岩台地—斜坡、浊积扇、三角洲、生物礁、潟湖—潮坪、滨岸等多种沉积体系类型。每种沉积体系类型形成受控于盆地的构造运动。     

塔里木盆地柯坪地区中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩露头层序地层学研究

在前人岩石地层、生物地层、年代地层研究基础上,作者运用层序地层学理论结合沉积微相分析,对柯坪地区中下奥陶统露头碳酸盐岩进行了层序地层解剖。研究区共识别出二种界面类型 (暴露层序不整合界面和淹没层序不整合界面 )、三种准层序组构特征 (潮坪、浅滩和滩下陆棚 )和两种主要类型的体系域构成 (海侵体系域和高位体系域 ),在此基础上把该套碳酸盐岩划分为 7个三级层序,其中Sq1～ 2对应于蓬莱坝组地层、Sq3～ 6对应于鹰山组地层和Sq7对应于大湾沟组地层。Sq1～ 2三级层序由潮坪旋回的藻纹层白云岩、细粉晶白云岩和灰岩组成;Sq3～ 4三级层序由潮坪旋回的藻纹层灰岩和颗粒灰岩组成;Sq5～ 6三级层序由潮下浅滩相旋回的颗粒灰岩组成;Sq7三级层序由滩下陆棚环境藻灰岩和泥质瘤状灰岩组成     

冀西北中元古代铁岭组地层格架研究

河北省怀来中元古代铁岭组主要为一套滨浅海碳酸盐岩沉积组合。按微相组合或基本层序,沉积体系及沉积体系域逐级剖析的方法,可识别出６１个基本层序的潮坪,浅水陆棚及开阔陆棚等３种沉积体系。     

Rodinia超大陆裂谷裂陷高潮与裂-坳转换:来自塔里木西北缘阿克苏地区碎屑锆石的制约

阿克苏地区位于塔里木地块西北缘,是研究Rodinia超大陆裂谷裂解过程的关键地区.在阿克苏地区裂谷序列中,发育有不整合面.通过对阿克苏地区巧恩布拉克组、尤尔美那克组和苏盖特布拉克组碎屑锆石的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定,对Rodinia超大陆裂谷期不整合面的形成时间、不整合面上下地层的物源变化以及不整合面的构造意义进行了讨论.碎屑锆石测年结果显示:尤尔美那克组于708 Ma后开始沉积,苏盖特布拉克组于577 Ma后开始沉积,被剥蚀的阿克苏群为尤尔美那克组和苏盖特布拉克组提供了局部物源.结合前人资料分析表明:①巧恩布拉克组与尤尔美那克组之间角度不整合面形成于717～708 Ma之间,苏盖特布拉克组与下伏地层间不整合面形成于580～577 Ma之间;②阿克苏地区724～717 Ma之间发生了一次幕式裂陷作用,这次幕式裂陷作用可能代表了 Rodinia超大陆裂谷裂陷期的高潮;③苏盖特布拉克组与下伏地层间不整合面是Rodinia超大陆裂谷裂-坳转换界面,这个界面时限为580～577 Ma;④"雪球地球"事件显著地促进了不整合面形成时的剥蚀作用,巧恩布拉克组与尤尔美那克组之间的角度不整合面、苏盖特布拉克组与下伏地层之间的不整合面的形成分别受到了 Sturtian冰期、Gaskiers冰期的影响.在本文中,不仅阿克苏地区裂谷期不整合面的成因机制得到了探讨,也一并完善了阿克苏地区裂谷的演化模式.     

塔里木盆地肖尔布拉克上震旦统苏盖特布拉克组层序界面与沉积相

震旦纪是塔里木盆地被动大陆边缘盆地重要发育期.通过对阿克苏肖尔布拉克剖面中的上震旦统苏盖特布拉克组实测工作,利用层序地层学和沉积相分析方法,提出了苏盖特布拉克组发育了海侵不整合、陆上暴露不整合和隆升侵蚀不整合面等Ⅱ-Ⅲ(Ⅳ)层序界面成因类型;揭示了下亚段(潮坪)滨岸-浅海沉积体系中的潮间-潮上、滨岸沙丘、风暴等沉积;上...     

四川盆地东北部长兴组层序地层与储层分布

四川盆地东北部的二叠系长兴组为一套碳酸盐岩地层。宣汉盘龙洞剖面详尽研究表明,长兴组可分为两个三级层序:第1层序的海侵体系域由开阔台地滩间相沉积组成,高位体系域为台地边缘礁滩相沉积;第2层序的海侵体系域为浅滩沉积,高位体系域为暴露浅滩相-蒸发潮坪相沉积。长兴组中层序界面主要有水下间断不整合面和暴露侵蚀不整合面两类,相当于PeterVail的II类层序界面。在层序地层研究的基础上,对长兴组储层的时空分布特点进行了系统研究。研究发现,储层与层序地层关系密切,储层主要发育在层序的高水位体系域中:礁滩相储层位于第1层序的高位体系域中,而暴露浅滩-蒸发潮坪储层则主要产在第2层序的高水位体系域中。长兴组层序地层格架图以及层序高水位体系域沉积相平面图的编制,成为预测储层二维空间分布的基础。结果表明,礁滩相储层分布于通江—开县碳酸盐台地的东西两侧,暴露浅滩-蒸发潮坪储层遍布于通江—开县的碳酸盐台地及其东西两侧地区之中。两个层序高位体系域中的储层岩石孔隙丰富,储集条件较好,分布面积较广,从而成为研究区域油气勘探的重要目的层。     

冀西北中元古代铁岭组地层格架研究

河北省怀来中元古代铁岭组主要为一套滨浅海碳酸盐岩沉积组合。按微相组合或基本层序、沉积体系及沉积体系域逐级剖析的方法,可识别出６１个基本层序和潮坪、浅水陆棚及开阔陆棚等３种沉积体系。这３类沉积体系的周期性叠置组成了完整的海进—海退碳酸盐岩沉积序列,其顶底为明显的平行不整合。通过对该沉积层序的层序界面及最大海进面的追索,建立了怀来地区的地层格架,从而揭示了中元古代铁岭组沉积盆地的演化特征。     

新疆阿克苏地区新元古代沉积特征对裂谷发育过程的指示

阿克苏地区地处塔里木克拉通西北部的盆-山结合部位,新元古代地层齐全且发育前寒武纪蓝片岩,保留了新元古代从洋壳俯冲汇聚到陆壳拉张伸展过程的记录,是近年塔里木新元古界研究的热点及重点地区。但阿克苏地区新元古代地层层序和沉积体系的研究较为薄弱,构造对沉积充填的控制作用仍不清楚,由此也制约着对塔里木克拉通初期裂谷发育演化的认识。本文综合地层学、沉积学等多种研究手段,分析阿克苏地区新元古代地层展布及垂向发育特征,将多处实测剖面与钻井-地震剖面结合,构建了阿克苏地区新元古代地层发育序列及空间对比格架。明确了由裂陷控制的沉积相类型及演化：南华纪巧恩布拉克组先后发育冲积扇/扇三角洲、水下-冰川亚相（冰碛岩）及深水陆棚相;尤尔美那克组,早期以陆上-冰川沉积为主,晚期以冲积扇沉积为主;震旦纪苏盖特布拉克组由冲积扇过渡到辫状河三角洲和潮坪相;奇格布拉克组以碳酸盐岩台地沉积为主。通过盆-山构造结合沉积序列分析,确定新元古代经历了三个构造-沉积演化阶段：（1）局限深裂谷发育阶段（南华纪）,充填冲积扇/扇三角洲及深水陆棚相沉积,其中发育两期不同环境的冰川沉积;（2）裂谷扩张期（震旦纪早期）,火山活动强烈,发育冲积扇-辫状河三角洲、潮坪相沉积;（3）坳陷发育期（震旦纪晚期）,广盆浅海环境,发育碳酸盐岩台地。     

柴达木盆地石炭系沉积相及其与烃源岩的关系

在实地观测柴达木盆地石炭系野外露头剖面岩性和生物特征的基础上,详细研究了柴达木盆地石炭系的沉积相类型及特征,探讨了石炭纪不同阶段的沉积演化以及沉积相对烃源岩发育的控制作用。柴达木盆地石炭系主要发育陆表海,可划分为三大沉积相:滨岸相、碳酸盐岩台地相、浅海陆棚相;六个亚相:浅滩亚相、潮坪亚相、沼泽亚相、开阔台地亚相、局限台地亚相、内陆棚亚相。石炭纪沉积演化经历了早石炭世两次海侵和晚石炭世的持续海侵,沉积环境由滨海向浅海过渡,以海陆交互沉积环境为主,大面积的海进使得北部山前局部地区出现地层超覆现象。沉积相控制了烃源岩的分布:柴达木盆地东北缘石炭系的潮坪亚相、浅海陆棚亚相广泛发育泥岩、炭质泥岩及碳酸盐岩,可作为有利的生烃源岩;柴西南缘下石炭统的局限台地亚相是碳酸盐台地上局部相对闭塞的地带,由于水体相对较深,水动能较低,沉积物中有机质丰富,也是有利的生烃源岩发育区。      

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with