低纬大气滤波模式研究

本文从描写低纬大气运动的方程组出发,采用半地转模式和准地转模式对低纬快速波动进行了滤除,这些模式仅含低频的Rossby波。分析指出:低纬半地转模式可以滤去高频波动,但得到的是波数k→0的Rossby波;而低纬准地转模式不但可以滤去高频波动,而且得到的是不受歪曲的Rossby波。 在滤波的基础上,本文分析了由Rossby波引起的低频振荡周期。      

地转动量假定下风场近似与扰动的稳定性

在大尺度系统中,由于Rossby数很小,大气呈准地转运动。但在低纬度地区或中小尺度系统中,Rossby数不是小参数,运动的非地转特征就很明显了。为了避免非线性问题中数学处理的复杂性,可以使用半地转近似,这不但可以使问题得到线性化,而且其结果又有非线性的主要特征。本文在半地转假定下,当风压场处于平衡状态时,我们得到了一种简单的表示式,并将它与Rossby近似和Phillips近似进行了比较。文中还对扰动的稳定性进行了研究,在某些条件下,例如风场发生扰动而气压场未受扰     

非线性波 波相互作用对准２０ａ气候年代际振荡的影响

从简单海气耦合相互作用的非线性方程组出发,导出描述大气和海洋运动的无量纲准地转涡度方程．对准地转涡度方程引入双时间尺度后,在准共振条件Ｋ１＋Ｋ２＋Ｋ３ ＝０和ω１ ＋ω２ ＋ω３ ＝Δω下,求得大气和海洋波－波非线性相互作用的２组耦合方程,其中大气耦合方程中含有海洋强迫作用项．由这２个耦合方程组求得大气和海洋波动能量变化周期的近似解．结果表明：在考虑非线性效应的情况下,由波动共振引起的大气和海洋波动能量变化在中纬地区具有准２０ａ的周期,说明非线性效应对海气耦合也具有调制作用,从而确定准２０ａ气候年代际振荡形成的新机理．     

准地转理论基本问题回顾与讨论

准地转理论是大气动力学的中心问题之一,它提供了从大气动力学基本原理入手分析大尺度天气系统演变的方法。准地转理论有助于预报员理解中高纬度大尺度天气系统的三维结构,分析、预报天气系统的发展和移动,因此被称为短期天气预报的理论基础。准地转理论具有完整的理论体系,它包含了较多的基本假定,故容易导致对其中的一些基本问题的理解有混淆。本文从基础的动力学知识出发,对准地转理论的基本概念、基本近似、核心理论及其在实际天气预报过程中的应用作了回顾和讨论。内容包括:准地转运动与准地转近似定义、准地转运动理论的范畴、天气图上的大尺度运动、准地转运动理论与短期天气预报的关系、由斜压二层模式下的准地转理论对高空槽脊和地面气旋发展与移动的判断等。     

超长波尺度运动中的快速过程

在[1]中,我们曾经讨论了大尺度运动、中小尺度运动中的快速过程,指出,对大尺度运动,在时间上可以区分出静力适应过程、地转适应过程和水平无辐散适应过程三类快过程。静力适应过程最快,地转适应过程和无辐散适应过程的相对快慢程度与运动的尺度L相对于Rossby变形半径L_0的大小有关。当L>L_0时,地转适应过程比无辐散适应过程快;当L相似文献   

大气运动中的快速过程

文中利用时间边界层概念研究了大气运动中的快过程,发现:对的大尺度运动,在时间上可以区分为静力适应过程,地转适应过程及水平无辐散适应过程三个快过程,以静力适应过程为最快,地转适应过程次之,水平无辐散适应过程最慢。对L=L_0的大尺度运动,静力适应过程仍为最快,地转适应过程与水平无辐散适应过程在时间上已难以区分。对L相似文献   

正压大气中尺度半平衡和准平衡动力学模式

应用描写正压大气运动的基本方程组，分析了中尺度大气运动的物理特征，指出非平衡强迫运动是引起中尺度重要天气演变的根本原因。中尺度动力学方程组是中尺度动力学理论研究的基础，因此，结合中尺度大气运动的基本特征，依据严格的尺度分析理论和摄动理论，简化基于流体力学和热力学的大气动力学方程组使之能够恰当地描述出中尺度运动的基本特征，对于中尺度动力学的发展是极为必要的。基于非线性平衡方程所得到的半平衡和准平衡动力学模式分别与半地转和准地转模式极为相似，它们可以较精确地描述中尺度大气运动的基本特征，因而，可作为中尺度动力学研究的理论基础。将准平衡动力学模式应用于中尺度涡旋系统的研究，结论表明中尺度平衡涡旋系统主要是受梯度风控制，其流场和气压场的发展演变则由一个演化方程来描写，获得了较为理想的结果。     

准地转动量近似下风速切变线上的波动

利用准地转动量近似下的斜压两层大气的非线性方程组及非线性边界条件，研究了切变线上波动的稳定性，导出了切变线上孤立波解。较好地解释了切变线上易产生低涡等天气系统现象。     

用测风资料预报强降水的一种方法

(式中ω、f、g、p、v、ξ、z分别表示垂直速度、地转参数、重力加速度、气压、水平速度矢量、相对涡度、高度,下同。)可以看出,在绝热、准地转条件下,大气中产生垂直运动的因子有两个:(1)涡度平流随高度的变化,(2)温度平流的水平分布。     

热带大气和海洋的半地转适应和发展运动

半地转适应和半地转发展是热带大气和海洋运动的两种基本形态,它们在时间上是可分的,反映了不同的物理过程。当初始扰动作用于大气或海洋时,首先将激发出重力惯性波,当重力惯性波频散后,建立起半地转的平衡状态,此后运动进入到以Rossby波(长波或短波)、Kelvin波和混合波中的Rossby短波为主导的发展状态。文中研究的纬圈半地转适应和发展运动,是Gill长波近似模式的理论基础。同时研究了经圈半地转适应和发展运动,实际上这相当于短波近似模式,它可以应用到研究海洋经圈边界附近的一类问题。     

NONLINEAR WAVES WITH SEMI-GEOSTROPHIC FLOW

In this paper,the semi-geostrophic approximation (or the geostrophic momentum approximation)isused for analyzing and solving the barotropic and baroclinic atmospheric motions.It is shown that thehorizontal nondivergent or quasi-geostrophic approximations cannot reflect the nonliner effect.However,the semi-geostrophic approximation not only filter out the inertia-gravity waves as the quasi-geostrophicapproximation,but also find the solution to the nonlinear equations.The Rossby waves obtained by thesemi-geostrophic approximation possess the nonlinear characteristics.Therefore the semi-geostrophic approx-imation provides a way to discuss the nonlinear problem.     

不同季节实际气流上斜压波的发展和锋生过程

利用三维半地转模式讨论了春夏秋冬四季基本气流上非线性斜压扰动的发展过程和锋面形成过程。计算结果表明，在四季基本气流上，斜压扰动的发展能产生冷暖锋，扰动的发展以冬季为最强，春季次之，秋季和夏季最弱，相应地，形成的锋也以冬季最强，春季次之，秋夏季最弱，与实际观测比较一致。     

The nonlinear interaction between different wave components and the process of index cycle of general circulation

By using a two-level quasi-geostrophic truncated spectral model taking account of the nonlinear in-teraction between different wave components (i. e. basic current, ultra-long waves and long waves), the index cycle of general circulation is investigated. The calculated results show that the circulation index has a, quasi-periodic vacillation with a period of 8 to 16 days, which can be created by the nonlinear interaction and that the nonlinear interaction between different wave components may cause the tilted-trough vacillation, amplitude vacillation of wave pattern and quasi-periodic change of wave number of flow pattern.     

Solitary waves of two-layer quasi-geostrophic flow and analytical solutions with scalar nonlinearity

In this paper we investigate the instability of two-layer quasi-geostrophic model with scalar nonlinearity, which is a geophysical fluid dynamics model, and give a nonlinear stability criterion. Furthermore, the analytical solutions of the two-layer quasi-geostrophic model are obtained via the Jacobi elliptic periodic function transform method and symbolic computation. It is efficient in solving a range classes of nonlinear partial differential equations for this method. The result shows that the structure of Rossby waves is influenced by many factors such as base flow and scalar nonlinearity.     

Attractor sets and multiple equilibria in the resonance of topographically forced waves

The resonance of topographically forced waves is studied using a quasi-geostrophic spectral model on the rotating sphere. The use of complete spectral expansions without truncation leads to the exact solutions of the nonlinear coupling equations by means of the random phase approximation and the projection operator techniques under the dissipation-vanishing limit. The energy transfer process between topographically forced wave ensemble and zonal mean flow is described.It is shown that the dynamical system loses stability and further bifurcation takes place when the to-pographic force has occurred. There are two sorts of equilibrium point in the resonance system. The unstable equilibrium is an isolated equilibrium point and, therefore, is hardly observed to occur. The stable equilibrium is an attractor set which is related to the phenomenon of blocking.     

Nonlinear oscillations of semigeostrophic Eady waves in the presence of diffusivity

Analyses are performed to examine the physical processes involved in nonlinear oscillations of Eady baxoclinic waves obtained from viscous semigeostrophic models with two types of boundary conditions (free-slip and non-slip). By comparing with previous studies for the case of the free-slip boundary condition, it is shown that the nonlinear oscillations are produced mainly by the interaction between the baroclinic wave and zonal-mean state (total zonal-mean flow velocity and buoyancy stratification) but the timescale of the nonlinear oscillations is largely controlled by the diffusivity. When the boundary condition is non-slip, the nonlinear oscillations are further damped and slowed by the diffusive process. Since the free-slip (non-slip) boundary condition is the zero drag (infinite drag) limit of the more realistic drag boundary condition,the nonlinear oscillations obtained with the two types of boundary conditions are two extremes for more realistic nonlinear oscillations.     

A STUDY ON THE EXCITATION, ESTABLISHMENT AND TRANSITION OF MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIUM STATES PRODUCED BY NEARLY RESONANT THERMAL FORCING---- PART I: ASYMPTOTIC SOLUTIONS OF MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIUM STATES

A two-layer quasi-geostrophic baroclinic model in a narrow, longitudinally periodic channel on a β-plane is used, which involves near-resonant thermal forcing, frictional dissipation and a uniformly sheared basic current. By means of the multi-scale technique, a system of simplified differential equations or disturbances due to the steady thermal-forcing waves projected on the X-T plane is derived, which contains the nonlinear interactions between forced waves and free waves. The asymptotic solutions of the equilibrium states of these equations are analytically obtained by a singular perturbation method. The results show that these mul-tiple equilibrium state (MES) solutions can exist in a wide range of the parameters used.     

Plumb三维波作用通量和EP剖面图——对定常波模式输出结果的诊断分析

本文利用Plumb(1985年)所导出的线性、准地转定常波的三维波作用通量和Eliassen-Palm(EP)剖面图,对于一个线性和一个非线性的关于大气定常波的斜压初始方程三维谱模式的若干输出结果进行了诊断分析。分析结果表明,Plumb通量和EP剖面图,不仅可以用来诊断波作用在三维空间的传播、波动与纬向平均气流之间的相互作用,而且也可以用来诊断非线性作用的显著性,在利用它们对于观测资料进行诊断分析时,应当充分注意到非线性作用的影响。     

The effect of barotropic shear on baroclinic instability Part I: Normal mode problem

The effect of barotropic shear in the basic flow on baroclinic instability is investigated using a linear multilevel quasi-geostrophic β-plane channel model and a nonlinear spherical primitive equation model. Barotropic shear has a profound effect on baroclinic instability. It reduces the growth rates of normal modes by severely restricting their structure, confirming earlier results with a two-layer model. Dissipation, in the form of Ekman pumping and Newtonian cooling, does not change the main characteristics of the effect of the shear on normal mode instability.Barotropic shear in the basic state, characterized by large shear vorticity with small horizontal curvature, also effects the nonlinear development of baroclinic waves. The shear limits the energy conversion from the zonal available potential energy to eddy energy, reducing the maximum eddy kinetic energy level reached by baroclinic waves. Barotropic shear, which controls the level of eddy activity, is a major factor which should be considered when parameterizing the eddy temperature and momentum fluxes induced by baroclinic waves in a climate model.