基于自适应和多尺度数学形态学的点云数据滤波方法

数学形态学滤波是从激光雷达(LIDAR)点云数据中识别地面点、创建数字高程模型的一种重要方法.在分析现有滤波方法的优劣性以及数学形态学滤波方法存在的问题的基础上,提出一种改进的、多尺度的、具有一定自适应性的数学形态学滤波算法.该方法通过构建一个粗糙的地面不规则三角网(TIN)来确定实验区域的地形特征,从而选择恰当的地形坡度参数,用于多尺度数学形态学滤波中高差闻值的计算.将每次迭代前后高差小于阈值的点划分为地面点,同时保留地面点的高程值用于下次的迭代计算.实验结果表明该方法能够有效识别地面点和地物点,并且保留地形的细节信息.     

基于车载激光点云的数学形态学滤波方法改进

针对车载激光点云数据空洞插值误差大及利用多尺度数学形态学滤波方法耗时高的问题,提出一种改进的数学形态学滤波方法,该方法按照点云空间分布形态格网化,以控制开运算方向。腐蚀运算过程中,根据格网腐蚀前后高程的变化情况,更新格网高程,以达到空洞精确填充及各格网均含地面点的目的。利用5组点云数据进行了实验,结果表明:该方法能有效提取地面点,运算效率明显优于多尺度数学形态学滤波方法,具有一定的实用性。     

机载LiDAR点云数据的组合滤波算法研究

针对采用渐进式形态学滤波算法进行机载LiDAR点云滤波时存在的滤波效果不佳、地形特征保留不明显的问题,本文提出了一种改进不规则三角网的后处理滤波算法,构建组合式机载LiDAR点云滤波算法。该组合算法有效地结合了渐进式形态学滤波算法与改进TIN滤波算法的优势,首先采用渐进式形态学滤波算法对原始机载LiDAR点云数据进行处理,提取得到初始地面点;其次优化传统TIN滤波算法,以初始地面点及种子点构建TIN,通过连续迭代提取得到精细化地面点。为验证本文提出滤波算法的可靠性与优越性,选取宁波市某地2组机载LiDAR点云数据进行实验,结果表明,与较单一的渐进式形态学滤波算法、TIN滤波算法地面点提取结果相比较,本文改进滤波算法提取地面点的Ⅰ类误差、Ⅱ类误差及总误差均更低,且不受地形条件限制,具有较高的适应性,验证了本文提出改进滤波算法的可靠性与优越性。     

一种自适应数学形态学LiDAR点云滤波方法

在Li DAR点云滤波算法当中,数学形态学滤波是其主要方法之一。传统的数学形态学在迭代次数、高程阈值的选取上,通常是通过人工依靠经验设置滤波参数,因此算法具有很大的盲目性。这里通过分析在不同迭代次数下滤波前后地面点云数目的变化特点,以及高程阈值与点云密度的关系,提出了一种自适应数学形态学滤波算法。采用不同地形的Li DAR数据对算法进行了实验分析,验证了算法的可行性。     

基于车载激光扫描的城市典型道路面点云提取

针对城市典型道路结构特征，提出一种车载道路面点云数据提取方法。根据高程阈值算法对原始车载激光扫描点云数据进行滤波处理，得到地面点，再使用改进区域生长算法对地面点进行处理，提取得到道路面点云。通过实测车载激光扫描数据进行实验，结果表明，本文提出方法提取道路面点云结果的检测质量q、完整性r以及准确性p均在93%以上，本文方法是行之有效的。     

基于机载LiDAR数据获取森林地区DTM新方法

提出了一种继承式多分辨率体素滤渡算法,从机载激光扫描数据中获取森林地区的数字地面模型.该方法将激光点云数据划分为不同分辨率等级的体素,以体素为单位通过与邻域的体素的高程加权均值的比较,剔除植被点,保留地面点,从而获取森林地区的数字地面模型.通过将提出的滤波方法应用于实际采集数据,并与Terrascan的滤波结果进行比较验证该方法的有效性.     

城区LiDAR点云数据的树木提取

机载激光扫描(LiDAR)可以快速获取地球数字表面模型.提出一种适合复杂城市环境的机载激光扫描数据提取树木的算法:首先对DDAR数据滤波生成DTM,提取地物点;然后对地物点进行区域增长运算,使用面积阚值滤出大的区域;再计算出LiDAR数据点的梯度值,根据梯度阈值分离出树木点;最后结合梯度阈值分割和区域增长分割的结果实现树木点的最终提取.实验结果表明,使用新算法在城区环境中能从LiDAR数据中较好地提取出树木,城区树木提取率达到85.4%,提取正确率为86.1%.     

一种车载激光扫描数据的滤波处理算法

车载激光扫描系统能够快速、高效地获取城市地物的三维空间信息,是采集城市近景三维空间信息的一个重要手段。设计了一种从车载激光点云中分离出地面点和非地面点的滤波算法。首先建立规则格网,基于格网中激光点的高程差提取出初始地面点的方法;然后基于格网分层过滤出精确的地面点,从而达到地面点和非地面点的分离。实验结果表明:该算法滤波效果良好,能够满足城市DTM建立的精度要求。     

机载激光扫描测高数据滤波

机载激光扫描测高数据的滤波和分类是获取高精度数字高程模型的关键,也是国际上目前研究的重点和难点之一。本文详细研究了机载激光扫描测高数据滤波的方法,对现有各种滤波算法进行了综合评价,指出了现有方法的不足,在此基础上首次将"移动曲面拟合预测"滤波算法用于机载激光扫描测高数据滤波处理。试验结果表明该算法自适应性强,计算速度快,滤波效果好。通过对不同测区的数据进行实验,给出了滤波前后的对比结果。     

基于数学形态学的LiDAR数据滤波新方法

数学形态学滤波是从激光雷达点云数据中识别地面点、创建数字高程模型的一种重要方法.在分析现有滤波方法的优劣性以及数学形态学滤波方法存在的问题基础上,提出一种新的具有一定自适应性的数学形念学滤波算法.该方法通过分析LiDAR数据的特点,利用形态学算子提取原始点云数据的空白区域,进行精确的重采样生成DSM;然后将DSM多尺度...     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data

The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984–2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw.     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。     

地理数据库的关系模型及其实现

本文从以图论观点分析地理实体入手,系统阐述了地理数据库关系模型的设计法和过程。作者于1984年4～9月间在微型机上设计建立了关系型地理数据库的实方验系统(RGDB)。该系统采用了本文提出的关系模型,采用了可动态扩库的子库组合结构,这种结构具有灵活性和提高空间利用率的优点。RGDB含有多种功能的数据操作命令,除了具有一般检索功能外,还能进行“开窗”选取和十分“自由”的映象选取。本文对RGDB系统的主要性能和实现途径作了扼要介绍。