中国海洋仪器设备研究发展的历史回顾

本文对中国海洋仪器设备研究发展历史的基本情况和主要成就进行了较全面的介绍。     

中国海洋天然活性物质开发新技术21世纪发展战略

海洋天然活性物质是指海水、沉积物和在海洋环境生存的动植物体中所含有的具有生理活性的物质，一般情况下则指海洋生物体中的生物活性物质。几千年来，人们一直在探索和发现这类物质，并扩大它的应用，在当今人类回归大自然的浪潮中，海洋天然活性物质的开发成了国际热点之一 [1～ 9]。本文在分析了国外的进展，我国的水平与差距后，提出了我国海洋天然活性物质开发新技术的发展战略。     

中国海洋观的变迁

结合海洋观内涵,阐述不同时期中国海洋观的特征;结合世界海洋发展的潮流,联系中国海洋经济发展的实际,强调更新海洋观的必要性,总结了我国新海洋观应该具备的特征.     

中国海洋观的变迁

结合海洋观内涵,阐述不同时期中国海洋观的特征;结合世界海洋发展的潮流,联系中国海洋经济发展的实际,强调更新海洋观的必要性,总结了我国新海洋观应该具备的特征。     

中国海洋微波遥感研究进展

综述了中国海洋微波遥感在1998-2002年的研究进展.分别从微波辐射计、合成孔径雷达和散射计的仪器研制和海洋应用等方面介绍了国内的研究成果.最后,基于以上综述,提出了我国海洋微波遥感研究发展中应注意的问题.     

中国海洋电力业的发展研究

本文从市场需求与国家政策导向两方面分析了海洋电力业的发展前景,并重点论述了支撑海洋电力业发展的海洋能资源、海洋风能资源分布状况,结合我国海洋能、海洋风能资源储量与开发水平,介绍了沿海地区海洋电力开发的主要项目布局与发展情况。     

中国海洋调查船现状及发展思考

海洋调查船是海洋科研能力建设的重要组成部分,它的整体性能直接影响国家海洋事业的发展.文章回顾新中国成立以来我国海洋调查船的发展阶段,依据我国海洋调查船的现状,总结其在数量、吨位以及科考能力等方面的特点,并针对我国海洋调查船的建设发展,提出5点建议     

中国海洋油污损害法律综述

海洋是人类赖以生存的资源和能源宝库。近年来,海洋船舶原油泄露污染事件频发,不仅造成了惊人的经济损失,更导致了难以计数的间接损失。目前,除在政策上要给予必要重视并注重发展海洋科技之外,海洋溢油污染损害立法与严格执法也成为预防、治理海洋污染的必然要求。     

中国海洋梦

<正>在两个故事发生在同一小岛上,它们或被熟记,或被浅忘。古人说:"世若棋局,岛如棋子",一座岛的得失,能关乎一个千年古国的近代命运。刘公岛,一个面积只有3.16平方千米的小岛,在中国素有"东隅屏藩"、"海上桃源"和"不沉的战舰"之称。在中国晚清历史印迹里,它承载了一段嗟叹百余年的悲壮颂歌。它是忠诚守卫渤海的一个哨兵,是北洋海军的司令部。1894年,在太平洋东岸爆发了一场闻名世界的中日甲午战争。北洋海军同仇敌忾,英勇还击来犯的敌军。面对清政府的妥协、软弱,主管海军的李鸿章消极避战,丁汝昌在别无选择的最后关头,发出这样的誓     

中国海洋可持续发展系统内在作用机制分析

文章借鉴可持续发展研究成果,论述了海洋可持续发展内涵和具体内容,运用系统论的观点探讨了海洋可持续发展系统结构与特征,并在此基础上对构成海洋可持续发展系统的五大子系统相互作用机制,以及协调发展关系进行了深入分析.     

Hierarchical classification of marine rocky landscape as management tool at southeast Mediterranean coast

The existence and distribution of European marine reef habitat (1170), defined as rocky substrates and biogenic concretions in the UE habitats Directive, remain incomplete especially for the Mediterranean region. It is necessary to cartography the habitats but also it is important to classify and develop tools to asses at adequate management scales. Rocky habitats occur in a variety of spatial configurations and pattering landscape. It is necessary to define a typology of landscape to permit a realistic comparison of similar units recognizing, for example, its favourable conservation status. The aim of this study is to identify the rocky landscape units and to propose a hierarchical classification, for identifying the units with a favourable conservation status, based on the presence of listed species. Non-parametric multivariate techniques were used to classify the 88 landscape units based on presence of different biocoenoses and environmental factors. A hierarchical typology was recognised according to the increase of complexity. The study comprises six sorts of landscape typologies included in two major groups. High correlations of selected environmental variables with biocenosis composition were obtained depending on the scale of analysis. We observed that both geomorphologic structure and depth influence presence of biocenosis. The reef landscape typology proposal can be the base for the definition of reference ecological conditions or the favourable conservation state of the habitats, it is also an interesting tool for decision-making in the marine management.     

The emerging policy landscape for marine spatial planning in Europe

This paper provides an overview of the emerging policy landscape for marine spatial planning in the European Union, which consists of four main categories of policy drivers: environmental legislation, legislation on marine renewable energy, fisheries regulations and the Integrated Maritime Policy. The weak links between these categories of policy drivers, underpinned by a lack of clarity regarding the vision for sustainability, pose major challenges for the emergence of ecosystem-based and integrated marine spatial planning in Europe. In addition, there is still uncertainty arising from on-going reform of the Common Fisheries Policy, and discussions on the need for a new marine spatial planning directive. This paper concludes with the view that better integration of environmental concerns into the Common Fisheries Policy is needed to strengthen the link between environmental legislation and fisheries regulations, and that the existing policy landscape, particularly the Marine Strategic Framework Directive, already provides a legal framework for ecosystem-based marine spatial planning. Such a framework is consistent with the recognition that ecosystem conservation underpins other pillars of sustainable development and provides the foundation for cross-sectoral marine planning and management.     

我国海洋生物资源地理信息系统的开发

本文讨论了在比较成熟的地理信息系统开发平台上进行海洋生物资源地理信息系统的开发过程及根据用户的需求和应用的目的,利用地理信息技术及我国专属经济区和大陆架生物资源勘测资料,对我国主要海区的渔业资源进行空间分析、查询和统计的方法。     

Morphodynamic classification of sandy beaches in low energetic marine environment

Morphodynamic classification of beaches has achieved widespread acceptance in both geological and geomorphological literature. In this sense, the present work classifies twelve Mediterranean low energetic beaches according to the dimensionless fall parameter (Ω) parameter in the Island of Mallorca. Propagation of 44 yr of wave data as well as a detailed sediment study allows to provide probabilities for morphodynamical beach state on an annual and seasonal basis. Consequently, beaches in Mallorca fall between three major categories which are (a) truly reflective, (b) reflective skewed to intermediate and (c) intermediate beaches. The Mallorcan beach position in the morphodynamical scheme is close related to the physiographical and geological framework. Comparison of observed values with those obtained in the analysis leads that for gross beach classification there is agreement between predicted and real state. However on a seasonal classification, mainly during summer, there is no agreement between the predicted state and the real one. As the model does not incorporate the role of summer sea breezes, beach reflective states are highlighted. Real beach configurations correspond to more energetic wave dynamic conditions and to intermediate state scenarios.     

海洋环境分类管理分级控制区划理论体系研究

本文以可持续发展理论、协调发展理论、生态学理论为理论基础,根据社会经济发展需要和不同海域在环境质量现状、环境承载力和主导海洋功能上的差异,提出海洋环境分类管理分级控制区划的基本原则、技术方法和区划方案．通过采用空间叠置法、相关分析法等定性和定量分区相结合的方法对各管理区进行划界,将规划海域划分为重点保护区、控制性保护利用区和污染控制区,并确定各分区的环境质量目标．其主要目的是按照社会发展的需要和各分区的海洋资源与环境特点,对海域内及周边区域的开发活动实施分类指导,促进沿海地区海洋经济的可持续发展．     

顾及声图纹理特征的海底底质分类方法研究

针对目前海底底质分类要素单一造成的底质分类类别不够细致和底质信息获取效率低等问题,提出一种顾及声图纹理特征的海底底质分类方法,综合利用海底底质来源、地理等属性以及声图纹理特征等分类要素,进一步细化海底底质类别,解决了海底底质分类信息混淆或表达不充分等问题。实例数据分析表明,该分类方法克服了传统方法单一考虑底质粒度信息的缺点,可以真实反映海底底质的时空变化特性以及一定范围内的表面起伏特征,并且所包含的海底底质分类信息量更全面,从而可以为用户提供直接形象的海底底质信息。     

我国近岸海洋生物多样性空间分区方法与应用探讨

划区管理工具被国际社会公认为生物多样性养护和可持续利用最为有效的手段,广泛应用于各国管辖范围内和公海及国际海底区域。本研究在探讨划区管理所依据关键生物地理要素的基础上,以我国管辖范围内的近岸海域为研究对象,根据海洋生物多样性分区原则与分区要素,开展基于生物地理要素的海洋生物多样性管理分区,将我国近岸海域划分为一级分区6个:黄海、渤海、东海、台湾海峡过渡区、南海和三沙岛礁区;二级分区16个:北黄海近岸海域、南黄海近岸海域、辽东湾、渤海湾、莱州湾、渤海中央水域、苏北及旧黄河口、长江口及杭州湾、浙江东南沿海、台湾海峡过渡区、珠江口及广东沿海、环海南岛沿海、北部湾及广西沿海、西沙岛礁区、南沙岛礁区、中沙岛礁区;三级分区101个:黄海14个,渤海10个,东海20个,台湾海峡过渡区16个,南海38个,三沙岛礁区3个。探讨了分区要素对结果的影响,为海洋生物多样性保护和管理提供参考。     

Policy relevance of biogeographic classification for conservation and management of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction, and the GOODS biogeographic classification

This article 1) examines the policy context that created a demand for biogeographic information, 2) describes early national and regional experiences in applying biogeographic classifications, 3) extracts lessons about their usefulness, 4) introduces a broad-scale biogeographic classification for the open ocean and deep seabed called the Global Open Ocean and Deep Seabed (GOODS) biogeographic classification and explains its relevance in this policy context. In so doing it highlights potential uses of biogeographic classifications for the open ocean and deep seabed: these include ecosystem-based management approaches, marine spatial planning and identification of representative networks of MPAs. It also discusses approaches for dealing with problems of uncertainty and connectivity. The article concludes with recommendations for the further development of the GOODS and finer-scale biogeographic classifications.     

A tentative classification of coastal marine ecosystems based on dominant processes of nutrient supply

High rates of marine primary production, as well as most world fishery production, are confined to coastal regions. There are three categories of nutrient enrichment processes: (1) coastal upwelling, (2) tidal mixing, and (3) land-based runoff and major river outflow. These are depicted on a single map as a basis for identificaiton of groups of regional marine ecosystems that may have analogous aspects with respect to basic modes of enrichment. These groupings may provide a rational framework for comparative ecological studies. The concept of the marine catchment basin (MCB) is stressed as representing the logical unit for management of anthropogenic effects on any marine ecosystem that is substantially affected by terrestrial runoff.