中国铜矿成矿规律概要

中国铜矿资源丰富.本文在对全国814处铜矿床及其他5000余个矿(化)点资料系统梳理的基础上,完善了对中国铜矿产预测类型的划分方案,分为10个类型,认为斑岩型、矽卡岩型应该作为重点预测类型;其中又以斑岩型铜矿资源最主要,集中分布于冈底斯、昌都-三江、德兴、东天山等地区;成矿时代以新生代和中生代最为重要.系统搜集了全国范围内有关铜矿床的成矿年代学资料,划分为4个铜的主要成矿期;厘定出27个以铜为主的矿床成矿系列,提升了我国铜矿成矿规律研究的程度,为我国铜矿资源的潜力评价预测工作提供了理论依据.     

华北地区铜矿资源特征及成矿规律研究

华北地区铜矿资源丰富,文章在对华北地区579处铜矿床(点)资料系统梳理的基础上,总结了区内矿床类型,划分出四大成矿期,认为侏罗纪—白垩纪为最主要的成矿时期,以斑岩型、接触交代型为主;提出不同类型铜矿时空分布特征及控矿因素;建立了 7种预测类型划分方案、6种预测方法.探讨了华北地区铜矿的时空演化,认为在重要成矿带和典型矿...     

Outline of Metallogenic Regularity of Bauxite Deposits in China

Among the abundant aluminum ore resources in China, bauxite is dominated, which is mainly distributed in 19 provinces and regions, including Shanxi, Henan, Guizhou and Guangxi. The major deposit type of bauxite is paleo-weathering crust sedimentary type, and the other one is the accumulation type. The main metallogenic period is the late Paleozoic Era followed by the Cenozoic Era. The metallogenic tectonic background is characterized by a cratonic environment. This paper summarizes the bauxite metallogenic regularity based on the characteristics of bauxite resources, bauxite deposit type, bauxite metallogenic belt and metallogenic series in China, and 15 bauxite metallogenic belts, 8 bauxite metallogenic series and 7 bauxite ore concentrated areas were identified in the study. This paper also provides a theoretical basis for the evaluation of the potential of bauxite resources.     

中国铜矿预测模型与资源潜力

铜矿是一种非常重要的有色金属,由于其具有良好的延展性和韧性,被广泛用作热和电的导体,此外,铜还是重要的建筑材料和各种金属合金的组成部分。随着现代工业的发展,铜的应用越来越广泛,已被广泛应用于现代机械的制造中,是一种重要的工业原材料。中国铜矿资源丰富且产量巨大,截至2015年底,中国铜矿查明资源储量为9 910.20×104 t,同比增长392.20×104 t,较“十一五”增长23.30%。该研究以矿床成矿系列等先进的成矿地质理论为指导,以Ⅲ级成矿区（带）为单位,全面总结了中国铜矿的成矿类型,综合利用物化探、自然重砂、遥感等资料所显示的地质找矿信息,应用GIS技术,实现对铜矿资源潜力的预测评价。通过该研究,全国共划分了63个铜矿成矿区带,9个铜矿预测类型,379个铜矿预测工作区,获得2 000 m以浅预测资源量3.07×108 t。其中,以西藏的资源潜力最为巨大,其2 000 m以浅预测资源量约为0.60×108 t,约占全国预测总量的28.50%。研究得出以下结论：中国铜矿资源丰富,区域分布广泛,相对集中,具有显著的时空分布特征,空间上受大地构造演化的控制,时间上以中-新生代为主;中国铜矿可划分为9种预测类型,其中以斑岩型和夕卡岩型在我国储量最为丰富,也是未来找矿的主要类型;铜矿预测资源量主要分布在西北地区和长江中下游地区,且深部资源潜力巨大。     

中国铜矿床成矿系列研究进展

矿床成矿系列理论在中国经过三十多年的发展,已被广泛应用于找矿勘查实践。文章在以往矿床成矿系列研究的基础上,对中国铜矿床的成矿系列进行了补充与完善,厘定出30个以铜为特色的矿床成矿系列。结合全国地质与成矿演化,分析铜矿床成矿系列在主要地质历史时期的特点与时空分布规律,其中,前寒武纪7个铜矿床成矿系列,矿床类型以变质型和岩浆型为主;古生代8个铜矿床成矿系列,矿床类型以海相火山岩型为主;中生代13个铜矿床成矿系列和新生代2个铜矿床成矿系列,矿床类型均以斑岩型和矽卡岩型为主。西藏地区铜矿找矿突破显著,新增2个全国范围的铜矿床成矿系列。矿床成矿系列的复合,是中国铜矿床成矿系列研究的重要成果和特色。     

中国碲矿成矿规律概要

富金斑岩-矽卡岩矿床产出了大部分碲资源,其他类型碲矿资源时空分布规律暂未明确。在全国矿产资源潜力动态评价项目开展过程中,本文对中国碲矿资源特征、碲矿类型、时空分布进行分析与归纳,初步总结了中国碲矿成矿规律。本文对中国碲矿的资源特征进行了介绍;收集了全国45个含碲矿床的资料,将中国碲矿分为碱性-偏碱性侵入岩型、卡林-类卡林型、浅成低温热液型、斑岩-矽卡岩型、造山型、铜镍硫化物型6大预测类型;将碲矿形成时代分为元古宙、古生代、中生代、新生代4个成矿期,划分了9个碲成矿带,即吉黑、华北陆块西缘、华北陆块北缘、辽东、秦岭、苏鲁、长江中下游、三江、南岭成矿带;厘定出34个与碲矿有关的成矿系列,建立了中国碲矿成矿谱系。综合研究所得,中国碲矿以晚古生代和中生代华北和东北地区的浅成低温热液型、斑岩-矽卡岩型、铜镍硫化物型矿床,小秦岭-熊耳山地区的造山型矿床,长江中下游和滇川黔地区的斑岩-矽卡岩型、铜镍硫化物型矿床为主。     

中国铜矿床成矿期划分及其时空分布特征

根据全国1085个主要铜矿床的成矿时代研究,将中国铜矿床划分为前寒武纪、早古生代、晚古生代、三叠纪、侏罗-白垩纪、新生代六个成矿期。统计分析了各成矿期形成的铜矿床数量,在分析各成矿期地质演化历史的基础上,总结了不同矿床类型铜矿床的时间、空间分布特征。     

A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Tin Deposits in China

China is rich in tin resources,and contains many types of tin deposits.Among the tin deposit types,the cassiterite-sulfide type,skarn type and quartz vein type occupy a large proportion of tin resources and reserves.From the aspect of exploitation and utilization,the most important types are cassiterite-sulfide type and quartz vein type.The cassiterite-sulfide type tin deposits are mainly located in Northern Guangxi and Eastern Yunnan,skarn type deposits are mainly distributed in the ore-concentration areas of South Hunan in Middle Nanling,and the quartz vein type tin deposits are mainly distributed in South China,such as Western Fujian,Middle Jiangxi,Northern Guangzhou and Southern Hunan.The most important metallogenic epoch for tin deposits is the Mesozoic era.The metallogenic geotectonic background is mainly continental environments after orogeny process,with strong tectonic changes,interlaced deep fracture and frequent magmatism.And the most distinctive feature is the well developed Mesozoic granites,which have a close relationship with tin mineralization.Based on the detailed study of the data from 873 tin deposits in China,this paper summarized the metallogenic regularity of tin deposits,classified 20 important metallogenic series of tin or tin-associated deposits,and inferred that the cassiterite-sulfide type,skarn type,quartz vein type and greisen type are the main prediction types of tin resources.Forty-four tin-mineralization belts were divided,among which,19 belts are the most important.In addition,a series of maps about tin metallogenic belts and tin metallogenic regularity were compiled,aiming to provide theoretical basis for potential estimation and prediction of tin mineral resources.     

A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Tungsten Deposits in China

Tungsten ore resources are abundant in China with relatively complete types of deposits. Skarn type and quartz vein type deposits are dominated in the tungsten resources, whereas quartz vein type wolframite deposits are most important in terms of exploitation and utilization. Skarn type tungsten deposits are concentratedly distributed in the central Nanling region, such as South Hunan, South Anhui and the eastern Qinling region, while quartz vein type tungsten deposits occur mainly in South China, such as West Fujian, South Jiangxi, North Guangdong and South Hunan. The most important metallogenic epoch of tungsten is the Mesozoic, while the metallogenic tectonic setting is featured by an intracontinental environment after orogeny with sever tectonic movements, deep-seated faults and frequent magmatic activities, especially Mesozoic granitoids closely related to tungsten-tin mineralization. 22 metallogenic series of ore deposits characterized by or significantly related to tungsten were defined based on precise statistic information of 1199 tungsten mining areas and thorough the summary of metallogenic regularities. Based on studies of the metallogenic regularity of tungsten deposits, skarn type (or greisen type), quartz vein type and massif-type of tungsten deposits are thought to be the key prediction types. 65 tungsten-forming belts and 22 key ore concentration areas were ascertained and a distribution map of tungsten-forming belts of China was compiled, which provided a theoretical basis for evaluation and prediction of potential tungsten resources.     

腾冲地区与燕山期花岗岩有关的矿床成矿系列

腾冲地区岩浆-热液成矿作用形成了东、中、西三个矿带,以及滇滩-大硐厂-红岩头铅锌锡铁硅灰石矿、铁窑山-小龙河锡钨铁铅锌矿两个重要矿集区.本文以前人研究资料为基础,按矿床成矿系列理论研究方法,厘定了该地区与燕山期花岗岩有关的矿床成矿系列及亚系列,系统总结了该地区与燕山期花岗岩有关的矿产资源时空分布规律,研究结果表明燕山期...     

陕西铜矿床类型及找矿方向

通过对陕西铜矿成果和国土资源大调查工作中新发现铜矿的研究总结，划分出8类铜矿成因类型，其中重要的类型为海相火山气液型、接触交代型、受变质型;划分出与铜矿有关的成矿系列有9个.其中主要与铜矿床（点）有关的成矿系列为、与元古代中-酸性岩有关的铁铜矿床成矿系列，加里东-印支期与中性-酸性花岗岩类有关的铁铜金钨萤石矿床成矿系列，与海相中基性火山岩有关的铜锌矿床成矿系列，前寒武系变质火山岩中的铜锌黄铁矿床成矿系列，海底喷流沉积-热液改造铅锌铜矿床成矿系列;划分出与铜成矿有关的Ⅲ级成矿区（带）有5条，有关的Ⅳ级成矿区（带）有9条，主要铜找矿区（带）（相当于Ⅴ级）有14条，其中铜重点找矿区（带）有：勉县七里沟-宁强巩家河铁铜成矿带，铜峪-西骆峪铜锌成矿带，蟒岭-牧护关燕山期铁铜钼钨铅锌萤石成矿带、小河口-园子街铁铜金成矿区。     

环太平洋成矿域主要铜-金矿床地质特征、成矿作用及找矿潜力

环太平洋成矿域是全球最重要的成矿域之一,一直是世界找矿勘查开发和成矿理论研究的热点地区。域内斑岩型、矽卡岩型、浅成低温热液型、造山型、卡林型等大型-超大型矿床在特殊构造背景中密集分布,资源潜力巨大。这些矿床的成矿时代以中、新生代为主,构造背景多为显生宙造山带,成矿作用多与太平洋内各大洋板块俯冲作用密切相关,矿床的形成和产出具有明显的偏在性、专属性。介绍了环太平洋成矿域的成矿环境,选取代表性的铜和金矿床,归纳总结了其地质特征和成矿作用,梳理讨论了不同类型矿床的成矿背景、分布规律,分析了区域找矿潜力。     

中国铀矿资源特征及成矿规律概要

铀资源是我国重要的战略资源和能源矿产,作为26个重要矿种之一完成了全国铀矿资源潜力评价。在项目开展过程中,通过对中国铀矿资源特征、铀矿床类型(成因类型和预测类型)、时空分布及成矿系列研究,总结了中国铀矿的成矿规律。本文梳理了中国铀资源勘查现状与最近铀矿勘查工作进展,建立了4大类9类21亚类铀矿床类型,划分了50个铀矿预测类型;总结了中国铀矿时空分布特征及铀成矿规律,进而划分了29个铀成矿区带和20个铀成矿远景区带,建立了20个铀~多金属成矿系列。上述研究成果与进展有利于综合分析区域铀成矿规律,以期为未来的铀矿找矿工作提供指导。     

中国硒矿成矿规律概要

文章在全国矿产资源潜力动态评价项目开展过程中,对中国硒矿资源特征、硒矿类型、时空分布、成矿谱系进行分析与归纳,初步总结了中国硒矿成矿规律。文章对中国硒矿的资源特征及存在的问题进行了介绍;将中国硒矿划分为斑岩型、岩浆型、热液型、矽卡岩型、沉积型5大硒矿预测类型,初步总结了各类型硒矿的时空分布特征;将中国硒矿成矿时代总结为元古代、早古生代、晚古生代、中生代、新生代5个成矿期,划分了24个硒成矿带;厘定出39个与硒矿有关的成矿系列,建立了中国硒矿成矿谱系;最终选取了重点矿床类型和潜力评价工作区域。     

西秦岭成矿带矿床成矿系列概论

对西秦岭成矿带总结了 11个矿床成矿系列:①早古生代沉积作用有关钼-钒-锰-磷-石煤-石灰岩矿床成矿系列.②晚古生代沉积作用有关铅-锌-铁-磷-石灰岩-白云岩-石膏-煤-黏土-砚石矿床成矿系列.③晚古生代岩浆作用有关铜-铅-锌-锡-铬-饰面超基性岩矿床成矿系列.④中生代沉积作用有关白云岩-石灰岩-煤-油页岩矿床成矿系列...     

A Preliminary Review of the Metallogenic Regularity of Nickel Deposits in China

The nickel deposits mainly distributed in 19 provinces and autonomous regions in China are 339 ore deposits/occurrences, including 4 super large-scale deposits, 14 large-scale deposits, 26 middle-scale deposits, 75 small-scale deposits, and 220 mineralized occurrences. The prediction types of mineral resources of nickel deposits are magmatic type, marine sedimentary type and regolith type. The formation age is from the Neoarchean to the Cenozoic with two peaks in the Neoproterozoic and the late Paleozoic. The nickel deposits formed in the Neoproterozoic are located on the margin of the North China Block and Yangtze Block, and those formed in the late Paleozoic are mainly distributed in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), Emeishan and the Tarim Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs). Magmatic nickel deposits are mainly related with broken-up continental margin, post-collision extension of the orogenic belt and mantle plume. According to different tectonic backgrounds and main characteristics of magmatism, the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series types of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks can be divided into 4 subtypes: (1) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in the broken-up continental margin, (2) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in mantle plume magmatism, (3) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in the subduction of the orogenic belt, and (4) the Ni-Cu-Co-PGE metallogenic series subtype of ore deposits related with mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rocks in post-collision extension of the orogenic belt. We have discussed in this paper the typical characteristics and metallogenic models for Neoproterozoic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits related with broken-up continental margin, Cambrian marine sedimentary Ni-Mo-V deposits related with black shale, early Permian Ni-Cu deposits related with post-collision extension of the orogenic belt, late Permian Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits related with Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), and Cenozoic Ni-Au deposits related with regolith. The broken-up continental margin, mantle plume and post-collision extension of the orogenic belt are important ore-forming geological backgrounds, and the discordogenic fault, mafic-ultramafic intrusion, high MgO primitive magma (high-MgO basaltic magma), deep magmatism, sulfur saturation and sulfide segregation are 6 important geological conditions for the magmatic nickel deposits.     

辽宁省金矿成矿规律及成矿系列

辽宁省大地构造位置处于华北陆块北缘东段,省内金矿资源较为丰富.在研究典型金矿的基础上,总结了辽宁省金矿的成因类型、矿产预测类型以及金矿的时空分布规律.基于对辽宁省大地构造演化与金矿成矿关系的新认识,结合重大构造事件与金矿成矿效应的耦合关系,运用成矿系列理论揭示了省内金矿的成矿动力学演化机制,将全省金矿划分为3个成矿系列...     

吉林延边地区中生代火山岩带成矿系列

延边地区是我国东部滨太平洋的一个重要金、铜—(多金属)矿化集中区。成矿带在时、空和物质组成上主要受控于中生代火山-岩浆侵入作用,形成多种矿床类型组合的成矿带。在分析成矿带内不同矿床成因类型的基础上,建立了该成矿带的成矿系列:火山、次火山热液-斑岩型金铜及钼铅锌银成矿系列。     

中国区域成矿若干问题探讨

本文以区域大地构造演化和区域岩石圈组成为基础,将中国大陆划分为６个成矿域：天山－兴蒙成矿域,塔里木－华北成矿域。秦－祁－昆成矿域,扬子成矿域,华南成矿域,喜马拉雅－三江成矿域,并描述了它们的基本下,按照不同地质时代,简述了中国大地构造演化与主要矿床过程,并从中国近处大地构造背景和地质成矿演化历史出发,探讨了中国区域成矿特色,初步提出８点;（１）大陆边缘成矿显著;（２）发育叠加复合成矿作用;（３）壳     

西昆仑及邻区成矿规律和成矿系列

成矿系列是研究区域成矿规律的一种学术思想,主张用系统论、活动论的观点研究在地质历史发展的各阶段、各特定地质构造环境中成矿作用的过程及形成的矿床组合自然体。本文基于对西昆仑及邻区大地构造演化的新认识和新理解,结合研究区境内外地质和矿产勘查研究新进展,尤其是大批成矿年龄精测数据和对成岩成矿物质来源的新认识,将西昆仑及邻区内生金属矿产资源划分为8个主要矿床成矿系列：（1）古元古代鞍山式沉积变质型铁矿成矿系列;（2）中元古代层控碳酸盐岩型铁铜金矿床成矿系列;（3）志留纪沉积变质岩系有关的Fe矿床成矿系列;（4）晚泥盆世-早石炭世层控碳酸盐岩型铅锌（铜）矿床成矿系列;（5）石炭纪火山岩型块状硫化物铜矿床成矿系列;（6）晚石炭世层控碳酸盐岩型锰矿床成矿系列;（7）侏罗纪-白垩纪层控（MVT）和沉积喷流型（SEDEX）型铅锌矿床成矿系列;（8）中新生代与伟晶岩有关的稀有金属矿床成矿系列。叙述了各个成矿系列的成矿地质背景、成矿特征、矿床组合、时空分布规律和典型矿床特征等。本次成矿系列的划分,强调以重大构造事件作为背景,突出以重大构造事件与大规模成矿的耦合关系作为出发点,力求从更大尺度上认识矿床形成的成矿动力学背景。值得指出的是,研究区幅员辽阔,不少矿床的成矿系列具有明显空间递变性,如与特提斯洋闭合和碰撞有关的成矿事件横跨原特提斯-古特提斯和新特提斯阶段;北昆仑地体为塔里木古陆的一部分,记录从古元古代早期到新元古代的构造演化对Rodinia 超大陆汇聚和裂解的响应。在长期演化过程中,西昆仑及其邻区形成了独特的成矿系列。