基于空间平滑的均匀圆阵对相干信源的DOA估计

空间平滑算法是相干信源波达方向(DOA)估计中的一种有效方法,但只适合于均匀线阵.提出一种基于均匀圆阵(UCA)的相干信源DOA估计方法.方法是将均匀圆阵结构转换成虚拟均匀线阵结构,把前后向空间平滑技术应用到虚拟均匀线阵中,进行相干信源DOA估计.仿真实验结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

病态平差模型直接解算方法的研究

基于矩阵的SVD理论，通过修改设计阵的奇异值，提出了若干种直接解算病态(满秩或秩亏)观测方程的方法，以改善设计阵的病态性，提高参数估值的稳定性和准确性。理论分析和数值计算的结果验证了这些解算方法的优良性。     

N维阵研究及其地学应用

提出了N维阵的概念和常用的几种定义和运算,包括N维阵的加减、方括号乘法和Hadamard积,给出了其性质及相应的说明;指出立体阵是N维阵的一个特例。N维阵方法的优势在于对多维数据表示更加简洁,理论分析较方便。最后,通过江绍拼合带中西段Cu-Zn-Ab-Ag-SnAs元素组合异常研究和浙西地区铜多金属矿成矿预测,说明了N维阵在实际问题应用中的方法及步骤。N维阵在处理地学多维数据方面有着重要的应用前景。     

利用稳健WTLS方法进行三维激光扫描标靶球定位

针对标靶球定位缺少有效的确定协因数阵方法的问题,顾及点到平面的距离反映了点与平面的相关性及入射角对点云数据点位精度的影响,将两者推广到三维激光扫描标靶球定位中。以距离、先验入射角确定各点协因数值,并给出观测向量协因数阵及系数矩阵协因数阵,利用稳健加权总体最小二乘方法进行标靶球定位。实例表明,以距离确定协因数阵的稳健加权总体最小二乘方法解算标靶球参数估计比其他方法更精确。     

正则化方法的统一

对最小二乘估计作线性变换,使得新估计是真值的最优拟合,并且包含模型参数的先验误差协方差阵。从滤波因子的角度对正则化方法进行统一,提供了常见的Tikhonov正则化方法、截断奇异值法、广义岭回归方法等的滤波因子与对应的误差协方差阵的特征值。     

基于驱动脉冲延迟的线阵CCD亚像素测量系统

通过CPLD设计间隔精准延迟的驱动脉冲,将线阵CCD空间信息转换为在一个脉冲单元内变化的时间信息,并通过高精度步进电机位移平台进行了检测,实验证明该方法可以有效地突破线阵CCD像元精度限制,实现亚像素测量。     

基于模糊控制的快速循迹智能车的设计与实现

提出基于模糊控制的快速循迹智能车的实现方法.利用转速传感器、线阵CCD、舵机等构成一个闭环控制系统,并采用PI算法控制智能车后轮速度.采用模糊控制算法将线阵CCD返回的误差模糊化,然后按照MAX-MIN规则进行逻辑推理,最后将推理结果反模糊化后以控制舵机转向.实验结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

光控相控阵雷达波束控制系统的设计

光控相控阵雷达在子阵级别上引入光纤实时延迟线OTTD（Optical True Time Delay）进行子阵级的延时补偿，减轻了传统相控阵雷达因渡越时问和孔径效应对信号瞬时带宽的限制，实现了宽带宽角扫描。光控相控阵雷达通过其波控系统控制OTTD和移相器的状态，实现波束快速、灵活扫描。在简要探讨光控相控阵雷达原理的基础上，讨论了其分布式波拉系统的设计方法，同时由于在OTTD的设计中采用了新型光学器件，给出了波控系统与OTTD的接口驱动电路的设计方法。     

一种基于Partial EIV模型的多项式拟合解法

针对多项式拟合模型系数矩阵中部分元素是某一自变量的函数的特点,根据Partial EIV模型的解算思想,将系数矩阵中自变量的函数作为随机元素提取,顾及泰勒展开的二阶项,由协方差传播律计算自变量函数的协因数阵进行平差解算。实验结果表明,系数矩阵的元素不再是单独的自变量时,使用该算法可以得到与已有非线性总体最小二乘方法相近的参数结果,从构造随机向量权阵的角度提供了一种新的解算方法。     

线阵CCD数据的高速采集与存储

在各种高精度线阵CCD应用系统中，需要对像元输出信号进行快速采样、存储及数据处理。CCD数据采集的采样速率不仅与A／D转换器的转换速率等因素有关，同时还与数据传送方式密切相关。以高精度线阵CCD TCD1501D和高速A／D转换器TLC5510为例．详细分析了CCD和A／D转换器的工作时序，采用CPLD设计方法，将CCD的输出信号进行高速A／D转换，并将结果直接存入存储器中。     

Array processing-a new method to detect and correct errors on array resistivity logging tool measurements

In recent years more and more multi-array logging tools, such as the array induction and the array lateralog, are applied in place of conventional logging tools resulting in increased resolution, better radial and vertical sounding capability and other features. Multi-array logging tools acquire several times more individual measurements than conventional logging tools. In addition to new information contained in these data, there is a certain redundancy among the measurements. The sum of the measurements actu- ally composes a large matrix. Providing the measurements are error-free, the elements of this matrix show certain consistencies. Taking advantage of these consistencies, an innovative method is developed to de- tect and correct errors in the array resistivity logging tool raw measurements, and evaluate the quality of the data. The method can be described in several steps. First, data consistency patterns are identified based on the physics of the measurements. Second, the measurements are compared against the consis- tency patterns for error and bad data detection. Third, the erroneous data are eliminated and the measure- ments are re-constructed according to the consistency patterns. Finally, the data quality is evaluated by comparing the raw measurements with the re-constructed measurements. The method can be applied to all array type logging tools, such as array induction tool and array resistivity tool. This paper describes the method and illustrates its application with the High Definition Lateral Log (HDLL, Baker Atlas) instru- ment. To demonstrate the efficiency of the method, several field examples are shown and discussed.     

基于遗传算法的瞬变电磁法线圈阵列优化设计

为解决瞬变电磁检测技术遇到地底干扰物时在探测精度方面的不足,从载流直导线出发,利用磁场矢量叠加原理,计算单个正三角形空间磁场分布,设计了一种正三角形发射线圈阵列。为得到更好的磁聚焦特性,利用遗传算法对线圈阵列的具体参数进行优化。仿真结果表明:87.5%及以上的磁场能量集中在半径0.113m的特定区域内。说明该线圈阵列在较小目标区域实现了聚焦,具有良好的聚焦性,可以应用在瞬变电磁检测技术发射回线中。     

CRLS算法在智能天线中的应用

提出一种应用于窄带自适应波束形成的约束递归最小二乘算法。通过最小化阵列的输出功率,算法根据环境能有效的实现自适应,并且维持可视方向的频率响应。这种主瓣对准用户和旁瓣对准干扰的能力对当前和未来传感器网络有很大影响。递归最小二乘优势在于不需要对大量相关矩阵求逆,递归方程使相关矩阵的逆容易更新。通过matlab进行了仿真,给出了以改变天线数目和改变阵元间距的方向图以及跟踪能力比较图。仿真结果表明,递归最小二乘算法不仅有较好的稳定性,而且算法有较强的跟踪能力。     

基于空间谱估计的闪电定位算法研究与分析

为了减少闪电对人类生命财产和各种电子设备造成的损失,同时研究雷暴活动的形成机制,并为闪电监测预警提供技术支持,开展闪电定位算法研究具有重要意义。闪电发生时辐射从极低频到甚高频范围的电磁脉冲,通过闪电定位系统获取闪电辐射源脉冲信号参数便可定位闪电。概述了闪电定位原理及基本方法,比较了基于空间谱估计的Capon算法、MUSIC算法及2种改良算法,介绍了基于均匀圆阵的二维MUSIC算法。采用Matlab分析了这几种闪电定位算法的性能,最后提出二维修正MUSIC算法,为闪电定位系统提供坚实的理论依据。     

Influence of Collective Boulder Array on the Surrounding Time-averaged and Turbulent Flow Fields

Arrays of large immobile boulders,which are often encountered in steep mountain streams,affect the timing and magnitude of sediment transport events through their interactions with the approach flow.Despite their importance in the quantification of the bedload rate,the collective influence of a boulder array on the approach timeaveraged and turbulent flow field has to date been overlooked.The overarching objective is,thus,to assess the collective effects of a boulder array on the time-averaged and turbulent flow fields surrounding an individual boulder within the array,placing particular emphasis on highlighting the bed shear stress spatial variability.The objective of this study is pursued by resolving and comparing the timeaveraged and turbulent flow fields developing around a boulder,with and without an array of isolated boulders being present.The results show that the effects of an individual boulder on the time-averaged streamwise velocity and turbulence intensity were limited to the boulder’s immediate vicinity in the streamwise（x/d c 〈 2-3） and vertical（z/d c 〈 1） directions.Outside of the boulder’s immediate vicinity,the time-averaged streamwise velocity was found to be globally decelerated.This global deceleration was attributed to the form drag generated collectively by the boulder array.More importantly,the boulder array reduced the applied shear stress exerted on theindividual boulders found within the array,by absorbing a portion of the total applied shear.Furthermore,the array was found to have a ＂homogenizing＂ effect on the near-bed turbulence thus significantly reducing the turbulence intensity in the near-bed region.The findings of this study suggest that the collective boulder array bears a portion of the total applied bed shear stress as form drag,hence reducing the available bed shear stress for transporting incoming mobile sediment.Thus,the effects of the boulder array should not be ignored in sediment transport predictions.These effects are encapsulated in this study by E     

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Assessment of the Tidal Current Energy Resources and the Hydrodynamic Impacts of Energy Extraction at the PuHu Channel in Zhoushan Archipelago,China

An unstructured model FVCOM(The Unstructured Grid Finite Volume Community Ocean Model) with sink momentum term was applied to simulate the tidal current field in Zhoushan Archipelago, China, with focus on the region named PuHu Channel between Putuo Island and Hulu Island. The model was calibrated with several measurements in the channel, and the model performance was validated. An examination of the spatial and temporal distributions of tidal energy resources based on the numerical simulation revealed that the greatest power density of tidal energy during spring tide is 3.6 kW m-2 at the northern area of the channel. Two parameters were introduced to characterize the generation duration of the tidal array that causes the temporal variation of tidal current energy. The annual average available energy in the channel was found to be approximately 2.6 MW. The annual generating hours at rated power was found to be 1800 h when the installed capacity of tidal array is approximately 12 MW. A site for the tidal array with 25 turbines was selected, and the layout of the array was configured based on the EMEC specifications. Hydrodynamic influence due to the deployment of the tidal array was simulated by the modified FVCOM model. The simulation showed that the tidal level did not significantly change because of the operation of the tidal array. The velocity reduction covered a 2 km~2 area of the downstream the tidal array, with a maximum velocity reduction of 8 cm s-1 at mid-flood tide, whereas the streamwise velocity on both sides of the farm increased slightly.     

Numerical hydrodynamics study around turbine array of tidal stream farm in Zhoushan,China

In recent decades, great efforts have been made to efficiently explore tidal stream energy due to its unique advantages of easy prediction and great potential. China recently launched a national tidal stream farm demonstration project in the waterway between Putuoshan and Hulu Islands in the Zhoushan area. Before deployment of the turbine array, it is necessary to understand the hydrodynamic changes associated with the construction of a turbine array. In this study, we developed a depth-averaged hydrodynamics model that solves the shallow water governing equations to simulate the tidal hydrodynamics around the Zhoushan Archipelago. The simulation results agree with field data in terms of the water elevation and stream velocity. We considered two types of turbine arrays in this study and investigated their impacts on the local hydrodynamics. In general, the stream velocity in the northern and southern areas is reduced due to the power take-off of the turbine array, whereas stream velocity in the western and eastern areas is slightly increased due to the blockage impact of the turbine array.     

微动线型台阵数据快速处理研究

针对城市微动探测快速实施的需求,开发了一套可视化微动探测数据快速处理软件。该软件主要功能包括微动野外观测报表校核、数据格式转换、微动有效授时数据段挑选、台阵数据截取、台阵参数计算、频散曲线提取及测线显示等,可较大地提高微动线型台阵观测及数据处理速度。沿着本文思路,可同样进行三角形台阵滚动观测数据的快速处理。     

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