内蒙古哈达门沟金矿成矿流体来源的氦、氩同位素示踪

内蒙古包头市哈达门沟金矿床是华北陆块北缘乌拉山-大青山地区的大型金矿床,矿床赋存于新太古界乌拉山群黑云角闪斜长片麻岩、角闪黑云二长片麻岩和含石榴石黑云斜长片麻岩中,成矿流体性质不明。文章对哈达门沟金矿主要载金矿物黄铁矿开展了流体包裹体中的He、Ar同位素组成研究。研究表明,赋存于黄铁矿流体包裹体中的4He含量为(83.92~606.46)×10-8cm3STP/g,n(3He)/n(4He)值为0.19~0.91Ra,幔源He的含量为2.62%~13.73%,平均为9.95%,表明成矿流体中的He主要来源于地壳,大约10%来源于地幔。~(40)Ar含量为(71.22~308.22)×10~(-8)cm~3STP/g,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar比值变化于2793.6~7253.5之间,在n(~(40)Ar)/n(~(36)Ar)与R/Ra图解和n(~(40)Ar*)/n(4He)与R/Ra图解中,显示地壳氩和地幔氩的混合来源特征。结合已有的氢、氧、硫同位素研究,认为哈达门沟金矿成矿流体主体为地壳来源,但幔源流体的加入清晰可辨,乌拉特前旗-呼和浩特山前断裂很可能为富钾质壳幔混合流体的运移提供了通道和动力。     

Helium and argon isotopes in spinel lherzolite from Damaping, northern Zhangjiakou

Spinel lherzolite found in Damaping, northern Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province occurs as xenoliths in the Hannuoba basalts that consist of alkali basalt and tholeiite. Spinel lherzolites contain 50%–70% olivine (Fo: 90%), 10%–20% clinopyroxene (predominantly Di), 10%–30% orthopyroxene (predominantly En), and less than 5% spinel.³He/⁴He and⁴⁰Ar/³⁸Ar ratios in the olivine are 7.56×10⁻⁷ and 299.1, respectively.³He/⁴He and⁴⁰Ar/³⁸Ar ratios in the orthopyroxene (enstatite) are 9.1×10⁻⁷ and 307, respectively. Olivine grains are fractured irregularly, and pyroxene grains characterized by well developed cleavages, which would have resulted from explosion during the rapid eruption of lava from the deep interior to the surface. The lower isotope ratios of helium and argon may indicate that the spinel lherzolite xenoliths were derived from the strongly degassed and depleted upper mantle, and that the mantle is inhomogeneous.³He losses to some extent might affect the helium isotope ratios. The project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49273185).     

Helium and argon isotopic compositions of the Longquanzhan gold deposit in the Yishu fault zone and their geological implications

The Longquanzhan gold deposit hosted in granitic cataclasites with mylontization of the foot wall of the main Yishui-Tangtou fault. 3He/4He ratios in fluid inclusions range from 0. 14 to 0. 24 R/Ra,close to those of the crust-source helium. 40Ar/36Ar ratios were measured to be 289-1811, slightly higher than those of atmospheric argon. The results of analysis of helium and argon isotopes suggested that ore-forming fluids were derived chiefly from the crust. The δ18O values of fluid inclusions from vein quartz range from -1.78‰ to 4.07‰, and the δD values of the fluid inclusions vary between -74‰ and -77‰. The hydrogen and oxygen isotope data indicated that the ore-forming fluid for the Longquanzhan gold deposit had mixed with meteoric water in the process of mineralization. This is consistent with the conclusion from the helium and argon isotope data.     

贵州晴隆锑矿床成矿流体He-Ar同位素地球化学

晴隆锑矿床是华南中生代低温成矿域右江盆地Au-Sb-As-Hg矿集区内的大型锑矿床,成矿时代约150Ma。本文以该矿床矿石矿物辉锑矿中的流体包裹体为测试对象,研究了成矿流体的He和Ar同位素地球化学。研究表明,成矿流体的~3He/~4He为0.13~0.46Ra(Ra为空气的3He/4He值,1.4×10~(-6)),~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为305~327,He、Ar同位素组成具有一定程度的正相关;成矿流体由两个端元组成:一是含地壳He的低温饱和空气的雨水,二是含地幔He的高温流体。含地幔He的高温流体可能来自右江盆地下部的侏罗纪壳幔混合成因花岗岩浆,这种岩浆的形成机制与华夏地块侏罗纪与钨锡成矿有关的花岗岩具有相似性。晴隆锑矿床以大气降水为主的成矿流体的加热、循环并浸取矿床围岩"大厂层"下伏地层中的成矿元素而成矿,受深部壳幔混合成因花岗岩浆释放出的含幔源He和岩浆S的热流所驱动。     

Isotope tracers for deep-seated fluids and noble gases

The role of He and Ar isotopes in tracing the source of ore fluids has aroused great attention of the broad masses of the geological researchers. On the basis of lots of test and measurement of He and Ar isotopes in sulfides from Au, Ag polymetallic ore deposits in northern China, statistics has been made on the published He and Ar isotope data from 27 gold deposits, 13 silver polymetallic ore deposits, 8 polymetallic ore deposits, 1 rare-earth deposit, 3 oceanic incrustations, 3 volcanic springs and their wall rocks and granites. The statistical results indicate that the 3 He/ 4 Ar (×10-6 ) values of the Au, Ag polymetallic ore deposits are within the range of 0.24 9.39, with an average of 3.34×10-6 ; the He/Ar values, 0.007 6.01,with an average of 2.37; the 40 Ar/ 36 Ar values, 265.75 2361, with an average of 699.0; the 4 He/ 40 Ar values, 0.0020 643.86, with an average of 5.85, the 3 He/ 4 Ar (×10-6 ) values of gneiss and granite surrounding the mining area, 0.001 1.79, with an average of 1.00×10-6 , reflecting great differences in source. Mantle-source He in 48 Au, Ag polymetallic ore deposits accounts for 4.55% 83.06%, averaging 29.91%. It falls near the mantle-source region which can be seen in the He isotopic concentration diagram and the 3 He/ 4 He(R/Ra) 40 Ar/ 36 Ar plot. Studies suggested that the ore-forming materials for endogenic Au, Ag polymetallic ore deposits should be derived from the deep interior of the Earth, and with the multi-stage evolution of mantle plumes the deep-seated ore fluids would be transported from the deep interior of the Earth to the shallow levels. During this process the mixing of crust/mantle-source fluids would inevitably occur, therefore, the value range always lies between the mantle and the crust.     

^3He／^4He Ratios and Heat Flow in the Continental Rift—valley,Eastern China

Heat flow and the origin of helium in natural gases from fault basins of the continental rift-valley in eastern China are discussed in terms of helium isotope geochemistry.³He/⁴He ratios in natural gases from the rift-valley range from 2.23 × 10⁻⁷ to 7.21 × 10⁻⁶, which are directly proportional to the concentration of helium and ΣNHC/ΣHC ratio in natural gases. Geological and isotope geochemical data suggest that helium in natural gases consists predominantly of crustal radio-genic and upper mantle-derived helium. In a simple mixing pattern between crustal He and mantle-derived He, mantle-derived helium in natural gases would account for 10–60%. Calculated values for heat flow (Q) range from 59.7 to 82.4mWm⁻², of which about 60 percent in the rift-valley is derived from the upper mantle. Natural helium reservoirs would be found in the areas where the upper mantle uplifted greatly and heat flow is large in the continental rift-valley. The project is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

粤北诸广南部铀矿田流体包裹体的氦氩同位素组成及成矿流体来源示踪

粤北诸广南部铀矿田是我国重要的花岗岩型铀矿产地之一,有关诸广南部花岗岩型铀矿田的成因,多年来一直存在较大的争议。本文以诸广南部铀矿田典型铀矿床成矿期萤石、方解石和黄铁矿中流体包裹体为测试对象,研究了成矿流体的He、Ar同位素地球化学。研究表明,萤石流体包裹体的~3He/~4He比值为0. 021～0. 186Ra,~(40) Ar/~(36)比值为298. 4～2515. 7;方解石流体包裹体的3He/4He比值为0. 027～0. 209Ra,~(40) Ar/~(36)比值为295. 9～327. 2;黄铁矿流体包裹体的3He/4He比值为0. 021～1. 543Ra,~(40) Ar/~(36)比值为326. 9～1735. 1; He-Ar同位素系统显示成矿流体的3He/4He比值略高于地壳氦同位素特征值(0. 01～0. 05Ra),但低于幔源氦同位素特征值(6～9Ra),~(40) Ar/~(36)比值接近或高于大气氩的同位素组成(~(40) Ar/~(36)=295. 5),成矿流体为壳-幔混合来源。结合H-O、He-Ar、C和Sr等多元同位素证据表明,成矿流体由两个端元组成:一是含有一定放射性成因Ar的大气降水的地壳流体,二是含幔源He的地幔流体。进一步研究表明,受NNW向断裂控制的棉花坑、书楼丘、长排等铀矿床受地幔流体影响比较大,而受NE向断裂控制的蕉坪、东坑、烟筒岭铀矿床受大气降水影响比较大。     

Isotopic Geochemistry of Non—hydrocarbons in Natural Gases from the Sanshui Basin,Guangdong Province,China

This study is focused on geothermal heat flow and the origin of non-hydrocarbons in natural gases in terms of the isotope geochemical characteristics of Ar, He, CO₂ and N₂ in natural gases from the Sanshui Basin, Guangdong Province. China.³He/⁴He ratios are of (1.60-6.39) × 10^-6, and⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratios of 450–841. The carbon isotopic composition (δ_l3C PDB) of carbon dioxide ranges from -20‰ to -2‰. δ^l5N(air) ratios have a wider range of-57 ‰- +95 ‰. The isotope geochemical characteristics of non-hydrocarbons indicate that He, Ar and N₂ in the gas reservoirs enriched in non-hydrocarbons were derived largely from the upper mantle. Non-hydrocarbons in gaseous hydrocarbon reservoirs consist mainly of crustal radiogenic He and⁴⁰Ar and some mantle-derived He and Ar, as well as of¹³C-depleted carbon dioxide and nitrogen generated as a result of thermal decomposition of organic matter in strata. Carbon dioxide enriched in¹³C was derived largely from carbonate rocks and partially from the lower crust and upper mantle. Based on the relationship between geothermal heat flow (Q) and³He/⁴ He ratio in natural gases, the Q values for the area studied have been calculated. Similar Q values are reported from the upper mantle uplift area (77 mWm^-2) in Huabei and the Tancheng-Lujiang Rift Zone (88 mWm^-2). More than 60 percent of geothermal heat flow in the Sanshui Basin may have been derived from the upper mantle. The project is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

He–Ar isotope geochemistry of iron and gold deposits reveals heterogeneous lithospheric destruction in the North China Craton

The North China Craton (NCC) provides a classic example for extensive destruction of the cratonic lithosphere. The Mesozoic magmatism which contributed to the decratonization of the NCC was also accompanied by the formation of a variety of mineral deposits. In order to gain further insights into the cratonic destruction process, typical iron and gold deposits are investigated here. Helium–argon isotopic data on pyrite, from typical skarn iron deposits of the Beiminghe and Fushan in the Han-Xing district of the central NCC, and the Linglong and Canzhuang gold deposits in the Jiaodong district in the eastern NCC, are presented in this paper. The ³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar and ⁴⁰Ar/⁴He ratios show generally uniform patterns within the individual deposits and reveal a complex evolutionary history of the ore-forming fluids with varying degree of crust–mantle interaction. The ore-forming fluids associated with the gold mineralization at the Jiaodong mine have higher content of fluids of mantle origin with mantle helium ranging from 1.24% to 18.02% (average 6.73%; N = 18). In contrast, the ore-forming fluids related to the iron ore deposits contain less mantle contribution with mantle helium ranging from 0.12% to 4.96% (average 1.29%; N = 10). Our results suggest complex and heterogeneous crust–mantle processes associated with the magmatism and metallogeny, where the lithosphere of the eastern NCC was subjected to more extensive thinning and destruction as compared with that in the western part, consistent with the observations from geophysical studies in the region. Our study demonstrates that fluids associated with the Mesozoic metallogenic processes in the NCC provide useful insights into the geodynamics of destruction and refertilization of the cratonic lithosphere.     

Helium,Argon and Carbon Isotopic Compositions of Spring Gases in the Hainan Island,China

Chemical and isotopic compositions have been measured for N2-He-rich bubbling gases discharging from hot springs in the Hainan Island, Southern China. Observed 3He/4He ratios (0.1–1.3 RA) indicate the occurrence of a mantle component throughout the island, which has been highly diluted by a crustal radiogenic 4He component. The occurrence of mantle-derived helium is high in the northern island (12%–16% of total He) and gradually decreases towards southern coast (1%–3% of total He). Such a distribution pattern is most likely controlled by the Pleocene-Quaternary volcanic activities in the northern island and groundwater circulation along the deep major faults. The 40Ar/36Ar and N2/Ar ratios suggest that N2 and Ar of the hot spring gases are mostly meteoric. Although δ13C values of CO2 (–20‰ to –27‰) with low concentrations are consistent with the biogenic origin, the combination of 3He/4He and d13CCO2 suggests a two end-member mixing of mantle and crustal components with CO2/3He ratios of 2×109 and 8×1011, respectively. However, the low CO2/3He ratios (1–22×106) can not be ascribed in terms of the simple mixing but has to be explained by the addition of radiogenic 4He and loss of CO2 by calcite precipitation in the hydrothermal system, which is most likely controlled by the degree of gas-water-rock interaction.     

Multiple isotope composition (S, Pb, H, O, He, and Ar) and genetic implications for gold deposits in the Jiapigou gold belt, Northeast China

The Jiapigou gold belt (>150 t Au), one of the most important gold-producing districts in China, is located at the northeastern margin of the North China Craton. It is composed of 17 gold deposits with an average grade around 10 g/t Au. The deposits are hosted in Archean gneiss and TTG rocks, and are all in shear zones or fractures of varying orientations and magnitudes. The δ³⁴S values of sulfide from ores are mainly between 2.7?‰ and 10?‰. The Pb isotope characteristics of ore sulfides are different from those of the Archean metamorphic rocks and Mesozoic granites and dikes, and indicate that they have different lead sources. The sulfur and lead isotope compositions imply that the ore-forming materials might originate from multiple, mainly deep sources. Fluid inclusions in pyrite have ³He/⁴He ratios of 0.6 to 2.5 Ra, whereas their ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratios range from 1,444 to 9,805, indicating a dominantly mantle fluid with a negligible crustal component. δ¹⁸O values calculated from hydrothermal quartz are between ?0.2?‰ and +5.9?‰, and δD values of the fluids in the fluid inclusions in quartz are from ?70?‰ to ?96?‰. These ranges suggest dominantly magmatic water with a minor meteoric component. The noble gas isotopic data, along with the stable isotopic data, suggest that the ore-forming fluids have a dominantly mantle source with minor crustal addition.     

Mantle-derived noble gases in ore-forming fluids of the granite-related Yaogangxian tungsten deposit,Southeastern China

More than 90% of the tungsten resources of China are in the Nanling region of South China, and the Yaogangxian vein deposit is the largest tungsten deposit in this region. The tungsten deposits have ages of 150–160 Ma, and are spatially, temporally and genetically related to granites which were previously believed to be produced by crustal anatexis. This paper provides He and Ar isotope data of fluid inclusions in pyrite and arsenopyrite from the Yaogangxian W veins. ³He/⁴He ratios range from 0.41 to 3.03 Ra (where Ra is the ³He/⁴He ratio of air?=?1.39?×?10^?6), and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratios from 328 to 1,191. Moreover, there are excellent correlations between He and Ar isotopic compositions. The results suggest that the ore-forming fluids are a mixture between a crustal fluid containing atmospheric Ar and crustal ⁴He and a fluid containing mantle components. It is likely that the former is a low temperature meteoric fluid, and the later is a fluid exsolved from the W-associated granitic magma, which formed by crustal melting induced by intrusion of a mantle-derived magma.     

Contents of Fixed-Ammonium （ NH4^＋ ） in Lamprophyres in the Zhenyuan Gold Orefield, Yunnan Province, China： Implications for Its Characteristics of the Source Region

This paper determined the fixed-ammonium (NH₄ ⁺) contents of lamprophyres in the Zhenyuan gold orefield, Yunnan Province, China. The results show that the NH₄ ⁺ contents of minettes in the orefield range from 120 × 10⁻⁶ to 469 × 10⁻⁶ and those of kersantites from 74.3 × 10⁻⁶ to 136 × 10⁻⁶. These values are higher than those of other mantle-derived rocks (less than 50 × 10⁻⁶), but lower than those of carbonaceous wall rocks in the orefield (from 1200 × 10⁻⁶ to 1343 × 10⁻⁶). Combining with the Sr isotopic composition, this paper suggested that lamprophyres in the orefield with high NH₄ ⁺ contents relative to other mantle-derived rocks would not have resulted from the primary magma contaminated by crustal materials in the process of rising or in the magma chamber, but from mantel metasomatism. This research project was financially supported jointly by the State Key Basic Research Program of the People’s Republic of China (No. G1999043203) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Knowledge-Innovation Program (No. KZCX3-SW-125).     

Helium-argon isotopic tracing for the Pb-Zn-Ag polymetallic ore deposits in the central-south segment of the Da Hinggan Ling Range

In recent years big strides have been made in the exploration of ores in the central-south segment of the Da Hinggan Ling Range, though some debates still exist on the metallogenesis and sources of ore-forming materials. Pyrite and other sulfides in direct relation to the Pb-Zn-Ag ore deposits were chosen for the He and Ar isotopic analysis of ore-forming fluids, and the first He and Ar isotope data have been obtained from the study region. ^3He/^4He ratios in 14 samples collected from 7 mining districts are 2.17×10^-6-12.52×10^-6, averaging 6.86×10^-6 and their R/Ra ratios are 1.56-9.01 Ra, averaging 4.37 Ra. By projecting the data points onto the ^3He-^4He concentrations diagram, all the points fall near the mantle helium area. The calculated mantle-source helium ratios are within the range of 19.58%-76.96%, with an average of 49.52%. Argon isotopic characteristics are close to those of mantle source, indicating that the ore-forming material was transport upwards via the multi-stage evolution of mantle plume and concentrated as ores in the favorable loci of mantle branch structures.     

广西栗木锡铌钽矿田成矿物质来源的惰性气体同位素示踪

文章利用黄铁矿流体包裹体惰性气体同位素,探讨了广西栗木锡铌钽矿田成矿流体的来源.黄铁矿流体包裹体的3He/4He比值为0.14～0.97 Ra,远远低于地幔流体的比值,接近饱和大气水的比值,并与地壳流体的比值处在相同的数量级上;40 Ar/36 Ar比值为555.98～ 855.11,平均705.55,显然偏离大气氩的同位素组成;40Ar*/4He比值为0.08～0.27,平均值为0.153,接近地壳值;20Ne/22 Ne=9.671～9.748和21Ne/22 Ne=0.0306～ 0.0330,具有饱和大气水的Ne同位素比值特征.结果表明,广西栗木锡铌钽矿田老虎头、牛栏岭和金竹源3个矿床的成矿流体是大气水和地壳流体的混合流体;水溪庙矿床的成矿流体也主要是大气水和地壳流体的混合流体,但可能有少量地幔流体的加入.     

Helium isotopes in gases of Mineral Waters in the western Caucasus

The He isotope composition as an indicator of mantle-derived component was studied in gases from mineral springs, stratal waters, and mud volcanoes developed west of the Teberda River valley (10 objects) and two springs in the central segment of the Greater Caucasus orogen between the active El’brus and Kazbek volcanoes. In the western segment of the orogen, the values of ³He/⁴He = R_corr vary in the range of (46–114) × 10⁻⁸ = (0.33–0.81)R_atm, where R_atm =1.4 × 10⁻⁶ is the atmospheric ratio. They are substantially lower as compared with values in the vicinity of El’brus and Kazbek and close to those in samples from the central segment equal to (70–134) × 10⁻⁸ = (0.50–0.96)R_atm, as well as to the values previously recorded in the Caucasian Mineral Waters (CMW) area. Moreover, the content of ³He in them is notably higher as compared with its crustal radiogenic level characteristic of mud volcanoes in the Taman Peninsula, where R = (1.4–2.8) × 10⁻⁸ = (0.01–0.02)R_atm. Nitrogen-methane gas from northern piedmonts of the western Caucasus also contain nonatmogenic components, including the radiogenic ⁴⁰Ar (⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar = 900), “excess” nitrogen (∼87% of the total N₂ concentration in sample) and the mantle He. These data specify the distribution of mantle derivates along the orogen strike and age of intrusive magmatic activity in its different segments.     

赣南淘锡坑钨矿床He-Ar同位素地球化学研究

华南石英脉型黑钨矿的形成一直被认为是与地壳沉积物质重熔形成的S型花岗岩有关。然而,近年来对南岭中生代成岩成矿机制的研究发现,地幔组分可能参与了钨、锡成矿作用。本文对淘锡坑石英脉型钨多金属矿床与黑钨矿共生的黄铁矿和毒砂中流体包裹体的He、Ar同位素进行了研究。结果显示,上述矿物中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He值为0. 37～2. 11Ra(Ra为空气的~3He/~4He值,1Ra=1. 39×10~(-6)),介于地幔与地壳的~3He/~4He值之间;~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar值为309. 5～383. 6,平均335. 4,略高于大气的~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar比值(295. 5)。研究表明,成矿流体具有壳-幔两端元混合的特征。其中,地壳端元的流体为经过地下循环的低温饱和大气水,地幔端元的流体为矿区隐伏花岗岩体成岩过程中分异出的岩浆流体。结合前人研究成果,认为该矿床的形成与华南中生代燕山期发生的软流圈上涌、岩石圈减薄、地壳伸展等地球动力学作用有密切联系。这种动力学过程为地幔组分带来的热引起地壳沉积物质重熔形成钨多金属成矿花岗岩浆提供了条件。     

The Daduhe gold field at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: He, Ar, S, O, and H isotopic data and their metallogenic implications

The Daduhe gold field comprises several shear-zone-controlled Tertiary lode gold deposits distributed at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. The deposits are hosted in a Precambrian granite–greenstone terrane within the Yangtze Craton. The gold mineralization occurs mainly as auriferous quartz veins with minor sulphide minerals. Fluid inclusions in pyrite have ³He/⁴He ratios of 0.16 to 0.86 R_a, whereas their ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratios range from 298 to 3288, indicating a mixing of fluids of mantle and crust origins. The δ³⁴S values of pyrite are of 0.7–4.2‰ (n = 12), suggesting a mantle source or leaching from the mafic country rocks. δ¹⁸O values calculated from hydrothermal quartz are between − 1.5‰ and + 6.0‰ and δD values of the fluids in the fluid inclusions in quartz are − 39‰ and − 108‰. These ranges demonstrate a mixing of magmatic/metamorphic and meteoric fluids. The noble gas isotopic data, along with the stable isotopic data suggest that the ore-forming fluids have a dominantly crustal source with a significant mantle component.     

金川Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿床成矿过程稀有气体同位素组成示踪

稀有气体同位素在示踪成矿作用流体来源方面具有独特优势。本文应用熔融质谱法测定了金川Cu-Ni-PGE硫化物矿床23个硅酸盐矿物和金属硫化物单矿物的He、Ne和Ar丰度和同位素组成。结果表明,硅酸盐矿物的3He/4He比值(0.239Ra)略低于硫化物(平均0.456Ra),且从橄榄石(平均0.291Ra)、斜方辉石(0.215Ra)到单斜辉石(0.174Ra)逐渐降低,20Ne/22Ne-21Ne/22Ne分布于MORB与大陆地壳演化线之间,扣除放射性成因4He*和40Ar*后橄榄石和辉石中3He/4He和40Ar/36Ar接近岩石圈地幔组成。He、Ne和Ar同位素组成示踪表明成矿岩浆中存在岩石圈地幔(SCLM)、地壳(CC)和大气饱和流体(ASW)三种端元成分,硫化物熔体的分离发生在岩浆结晶分异的早期。岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的成矿初始岩浆经历了两阶段的演化。在深部岩浆房高温成矿岩浆同化围岩引入地壳混染组分,促使硫饱和及硫化物熔体的熔离,同时形成具有壳幔混合特征的混合岩浆组分(MC),上升至上部岩浆房后混入较高比例的大气饱和流体,进一步促使硫饱和及浸染状硫化物就地熔离堆积。     

Early Paleozoic adakite in the Liuyuan area from the Beishan orogenic belt,NW Gansu Province: Petrogenesis and implication for tectonic setting

The Liuyuan area,which is located on the southern margin of the Beishan orogenic belt,develops abundant Early Paleozic granitoids.SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 421±8 Ma for the Liuyuan granodiorite(Zhao Zehui et al.,2007),implying its Late Silurian intrusion.Geochemical compositions showed that the Liuyuan granodiorite is characterized by high SiO2(65.01%-67.31%),A12O3(17.17%-18.05%) and Na2O(Na2O/K2O=1.67-1.87) but low Mg# contents calculated as 100×Mg2+/(Mg2++∑Fe2+) from 28.77 to 31.15,as well as being enriched in Sr(472×10-6-517×10-6) but depleted in Yb(1.2×10-6-1.42×10-6) and Y(12.8×10-6-14×10-6).The REEs are characterized by right-inclined patterns with LREE enrichment,HREE depletion and slightly negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu*=0.91-0.97).Major and trace elements indicate that the granodiorite is an adakite.The Nb/Ta values of the granodiorite vary from 10.80 to 18.01 and Nb/U from 6.32 to 10.09,both lying between the values of the crust and the mantle.The rock has low εNd(t) values(-2.5--0.8) and high ISr(0.706321-0.706495).Geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions indicate that the Liuyuan granodiorite is possibly derived from partial melting of thickening lower crust,related to mantle underplating.The Yb-Ta and Y+Nb-Rb discriminant diagrams imply the Liuyuan granodiorite intruded in a local extensional tectonic setting during late collision.Combined with previous studies on geochronology,geochemistry and tectonic setting of granitoids,we interprete that the constraint of this adakite in the Liuyuan area indicates that the tectonic setting may have transformed from collision to extension during the Early Devonian.