无高氯酸常压酸溶-ICP-MS法同时测定土壤中的As、Cd、Pb、Cr、Zn、Cu、Ni

采用无高氯酸常压酸溶分解土壤样品,利用等离子体质谱法可以1次溶矿测定As、Cd、Pb、Cr、Zn、Cu、Ni 7个重金属元素,具有较高的分析效率、较好的分析质量、较低的分析成本。实验表明,试样溶液中氯的含量对分析元素信号有较大影响。采用硝酸-氢氟酸-硫酸-过氧化氢分解样品以避免引入氯离子,从而能有效避免Cr、As元素在样品分解过程中的损失和氯离子产生的质谱干扰。Cd的测定需采用干扰校正公式扣除Sn的干扰。对于As元素,若试样溶液中不含或仅含微量的氯离子,采用标准模式测定即可得到理想的分析结果,否则必须采用CCT模式进行测定。除As以外的其他元素不论在标准模式或CCT模式下均能得到理想的分析结果。     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

区域化探样品中铌、锆、镧、钇、钼、钛、钒的电弧浓缩快速光谱定量分析方法

对于铌、锆、镧、钇等难挥发元素,常规的发射光谱分析或原子吸收分析的灵敏度都不能满足区域化探的要求,而化学分析方法手续繁杂效率较低。为了提高难挥发元素的分析灵敏度,有不少分析工作者分别制定了化学光谱分析方法^[1,2],但是仍未摆脱繁杂费时的化学处理手续。     

土壤、水、废水、血液、尿液的等离子体发射光谱/质谱快速分析方法

利用快速自动进样器(FAST)可实现土壤、水、废水、血液、尿液的等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)和等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)快速分析,可以达到每7 s分析1个样品(每小时分析超过500个样品)。建立的方法对于环保、地质和医疗卫生的大面积普查取样和测量提供了强有力的手段;除改善分析速度外,还减小了记忆效应,改善了检出限,加标回收率在96.8%~102.0%。1快速自动进样器的工作原理快速自动进样器(FAST)由进样系统硬件和定时控制软件所组成。与传统的自动进样器相比,FAST做了如下改进(见图1和图2)。(1)样品提升采用真空提取,样品从不与蠕动泵的泵管接触。(2)样品充满定量环后,采用切换     

磷矿石中磷、钙、镁、锶、氟测定方法评述

本文系统分析了磷矿石高含量磷、钙、镁、锶、氟诸元素存在时对其测定的相互影响及其测定中存在的问题,比较全面地总结了国内分析工作者针对该问题,对诸难测元素在常规分析方法方面的工作进展。     

ICP-MS测定甘肃某农场大气颗粒物中的铬、铜、砷、镉、铅含量

空气滤膜吸附采集甘肃某农场大气粉尘样品,采用盐酸—硝酸—氢氟酸—高氯酸溶解,电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）同时测定溶液中铬、铜、砷、镉、铅等重金属元素含量,分析农田环境大气颗粒中的重金属元素对农作物的影响,同时验证不同仪器工作参数对测定结果的影响。实验表明：在选定的实验条件下,分析元素的检出限低,准确性和精密度...     

高级变质岩中Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta的ICP-MS准确分析

采用高压密闭溶样ICP－MS研究了片麻岩、榴辉岩等高级变质岩中Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf准确分析方法。实验表明：在温度为190℃时,溶样时间大于36h,Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf可完全溶解,而获得准确的分析结果。但Nb、Ta在稀硝酸介质中的不稳定性会导致分析结果的误差,采用0．1％HF介质的“F^-基体”匹配,可保持Nb、Ta长时间的稳定性。所建立的高压密闭溶样ICP－MS分析方法用于苏鲁－大别地区片麻岩、榴辉岩等高级变质岩的分析,经与XRF及碱熔融ICP－MS方法对比,分析结果具有良好的一致性。     

TDX-01碳分子筛测定包裹体中的氢、氮、一氧化碳、甲烷、二氧化碳

采用401聚合型多孔微球作气相色谱固定相只能分析包裹体中的H_2O及CO_2,对H_2、O_2、N_2、CO,CH_4不具分离作用。采用分子筛作固定相时,只能分析H_2、O_2、N_2、CO、CH_4,对H_2O、CO_2、H_2S等一些极性气体产生不可逆吸附。而在气液包裹体成份分析中,H_2、N_2、CO、CH_4、CO_2、H_2O等均是对成矿有重要指示作用的元素。为了能在一台色谱仪上同时测得以上元素,克服反复换柱的困难及不同次测定带来的误差,本文采用了碳化多孔小球TDX-01作为色谱固定相,它能在适宜的操作条件下,同时测定以上元素     

塔里木盆地巴楚隆起地层水的硼、锶、氧、氢同位素组成

为研究塔里木盆地巴楚隆起古生代地层水的成因,进行了地层水化学、硼、锶、硫、氢和氧同位素分析,和粘土矿物X-衍射分析。分析结果显示,这些石炭系和奥陶系地层水相对于蒸发海水,富集Ca、B、Li和Sr而贫SO4,而部分奥陶系水样相对富K,表明受到了水-岩反应的改造。δD与δ18O关系表明,所有测试数据均倾向全球大气降水线,两者的交点接近目前的当地降水,表明现代淡水已经与地层水混合。87Sr/86Sr比值介于0.7090～0.7111之间,远高于沉积时期的海水。δ11B值为 19.7‰～ 32.3‰,并显示随埋深增大、B浓度增高而降低。这些结果表明,同位素组成…     

微波消解—电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定样品中Cr、As、Se、Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb元素

建立微波消解、恒温赶酸、ICP-MS法在碰撞池（CCT）模式下同时测定生物样品中Cr、As、Se、Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb金属元素的分析方法。通过对国家一级标准物质及实际样品进行方法验证,准确度、精密度均小于10%,加标回收率90%～110%。测试结果准确可靠,能满足生物样品的分析需要。     

"四水"转化研究综述

“四水”是指大气水、地表水、土壤水和潜水,“四水”之间的相互转化关系研究,对水资源评估、供需预测、合理开发利用水资源和节水灌溉都有十分重要的意义。本文总结前人在八个8方面“四水”两两之间相互转化的研究成果．归纳了“四水”转化研究存在的问题,讨论了未来的研究重点。     

Field Measurement of Suction, Water Content, and Water Permeability

This paper presents a review of techniques for field measurement of suction, water content, and water hydraulic conductivity (permeability). Main problems in the use of field tensiometers are addressed and hints on how to improve tensiometer performance are given. Advantages and limitations of instruments for indirect measurement of suction including electrical conductivity sensors, thermal conductivity sensors, dielectric permittivity sensors, filter paper, and psychrometer are discussed. Techniques for water content measurement based on dielectric methods are then presented. These include time and amplitude domain reflectometry and capacitance. Finally, a brief overview of methods for measurement of water permeability in the field is presented.     

Fusion Kinetics, Water Pressure, Water Diffusion and Electrical Conductivity in Melting Rock, Interrelated

Natural granite and gabbro samples, with dimensions of the orderof 1 cm, were exposed up to 48 hours to water at a pressureof 2 kb and temperatures up to 1060 °C, in an internallyheated pressure vessel. Spatial and temporal nonequilibriummelt distributions were quantitatively studied in thin sectionsof the quenched samples. The main observations, in granite atabout 1020 °C, indicated that melting fronts were initiatedat grain boundaries exposed to water and advanced at initiallyhigh rates subject to rate limitation by water diffusion throughthe deepening melt. The melting slowed down sharply with a slightundersaturation due to exhaustion of free water in the inter-granularvoids. The experimental observations on melting rates and water diffusion,as a function of water concentration and temperature, are correlatedwith data derived from other studies. A new model is advancedfor water diffusion in granitic magma. It is demonstrated thatrate processes in silicate melts may be significantly acceleratedby water in differing patterns. Water diffusion in graniticmelt is rather insensitive to water concentration whereas meltingkinetics and fluidity are strongly enhanced by water but significantlydecoupled from each other, all in contradiction to standardkinetic theories. Melting kinetics is shown to be especiallycritical in physical experiments on melting rock, and some observationson electrical conductivity are accordingly re-interprete.     

Characteristics of Underground Water Flow at Different Water Levels in Tianshengan Karst Area, Yunnan, China

Three tracing tests from the same injection point executed at low, medium, and high water levels in the karst aquifer near Tianshengan village, Lunan Stone Forest, Yunnan Province, China, have revealed the basic properties of underground water flow. They showed the general directions of water flows; tracer concentrations were observed at six successive points allowing for the calculation of apparent dominant flow velocities at these sections towards the Dalongtan karst spring. For the high water level, the discharge between single sections was between two and 10 times greater than that at low water level. For the medium water level, the flow velocity at different sections was between 1.4 and 3.7 times faster than that at low water level; and for high water level, it was between 1.3 and 2.7 times faster than that at medium water level. The fastest water flow appeared at the first section (23 cm/s at medium water level); and the slowest (0.6 cm/s at low water level) appeared where water flow must cross the Tianshengan fault (north–south direction), and later, a layer of 20–30 m thickness of quartz sandstone and shale clay-stones. It was also possible to calculate the recovery of the tracer for point 4, Dakenyan, where discharge was measured. At the medium water level, 50% of the injected tracer was detected a half-day after its first appearance and at low water level after more than 3 days. The previously published research illustrates the transport velocities of possible contaminants and their solubilities in water at different hydrological conditions.     

黔西林泉片区表层岩溶带发育特征及供水

贵州省黔西县林泉片区属于深切河谷斜坡地带,区内地下水位受乌江期隆升作用埋深大,不利于地下水的开发利用;且区内缺水人口分散分布于河谷斜坡地带,不利于集中供水。所以对区内表层岩溶带发育及表层带岩溶水分布特征的研究,是解决区内缺水问题的关键。     

北京顺平岩溶水系统富水性分析

本文在充分收集北京顺平岩溶水系统各种勘探资料的基础上,以施工的17眼探采结合井的钻探成井、抽水试验为主,结合岩屑鉴定数据等资料,查明了顺平地区主要含水岩组岩溶裂隙发育规律,分析了岩溶地下水富水性特征。该区主要为长城系高于庄组、蓟县系雾迷山组、寒武系和奥陶系灰岩含水层,单井涌水量最大可达10780 m3/d,最小4464m3/d。圈定了两处岩溶水源地靶区,分别位于北小营—杨镇—北务一带和马坊—东高村一带,为后续该区域岩溶水的合理开发和保护提供科学支撑。     

贵州省紫云县狗场地热水分析

紫云县地处贵州省南西部,区域上无岩浆活动,地表无温泉地热流体露头和无明显的其他地热显示,增加了地热勘查的难度。燕山期自东往西的构造应力作用下,产生了近南北向、北东向断层和近南北向褶皱的主体构造,以及碳酸盐岩—碎屑岩沉积建造为区内地热资源的产生提供了前提条件;采用基础地质结合物探方法研究优选出了层状热储较好的牛场坡背斜和带状热储F4小桥断裂结合的有利部位,施工了地热钻孔,取得了良好的地热水找矿成果。     

山西朔州市北邢家河饮用天然矿泉水

朔州市北邢家河村ＳＢ－２井，为第四系松散层孔隙承压水，井深７ｌｍ，水位埋深１０．０５ｍ。动水位埋深１７．８ｍ，涌水量５８．８５ｍ￣３／ｈ。经权威部门理化检测，省级评审确认该井水为低矿化度、锶、重碳酸钙·镁型饮用天然矿泉水，具良好的开发利用条件。