狭长区域下基于正交法的GPS高程拟合研究

将GPS点大地高直接转换成正常高,越来越广泛地应用于建立高程控制网的实践中。而要保证GPS点高程精度的关键是高程异常拟合模型选择的合理性。文中介绍了在狭长带状区域下利用正交函数法拟合GPS点高程的数学模型。并利用试验数据进行比对分析。结果表明,文中提出的方法计算具有算法稳定,成果合理的特点。     

车载LiDAR用于轨道线带状图测量的高程精度分析

目前,轨道交通建设在各大中城市日益兴起,传统的测量技术手段难以快速获取城市轨道交通带状图,而车载LiDAR作为一种新的测量技术,能够实现快速、全面地获取道路两侧的详细地物信息,并且在高程测量上能够达到较高的精度。本文以SSW移动测量系统为硬件平台,采用多种作业方案对郑州市地铁轨道交通线进行带状图测量,针对各方案的高程测量数据,分析GPS信号强度、检校点密度、采集方式对点云高程精度的影响。试验结果表明,采用往返扫描的作业方式,可有效地减小系统误差,提供测量精度;当GPS信号较弱时,采用往返扫描的作业方式,并适当增加检校点密度,也能达到轨道交通带状图高程精度要求。     

利用剩余高程异常模型建立工程测量高程转换算法

近年卫星重力测量技术和各种重力模型得到不断发展,使得利用重力场模型进行GPS点高程转换的精度和可靠性都获得了极大提升。利用SRTM、DTM2006.0模型和EGM2008模型求得工作区域GPS点剩余高程异常,并进行残余高程异常拟合,建立江西省新余市某工程的剩余高程异常转换计算方法。通过对点的高程数据比较,说明此方法可以提高工作区域GPS高程转换的精度。     

地球重力场模型在GPS高程测量中的应用

介绍了地球重力场模型（EGM2008）及其精度,对利用EGM2008模型进行GPS高程测量这一方法进行了探讨。在试验区内采用多种方案进行数据处理,结合试验区内的已有GPS水准点资料的情况进行了分析,通过对多种方案进行比较分析,得出了利用EGM2008模型进行GPS高程测量的精度与采用水准点的大致关系,为GPS高程测量提供一种新思路。     

GPS高程异常拟合精度的探讨

GPS技术在测量领域已广泛应用,但GPS拟合高程精度制约了其在领域内的推广普及。选择不同的高程异常拟合模型,对GPS高程拟合精度非常重要。通过对驿城区城市控制网进行不同数学模型的GPS高程异常拟合,验证了选择合适的拟合模型及分布合理的高精度水准点,能够解算出高精度的GPS拟合高程,满足一般测量工程的需要。     

区域精化似大地水准面在工程三维GPS控制网建设中的应用研究

结合工程GPS控制网,研究2000国家大地坐标系下大跨度带状水利工程三维GPS控制网布设技术方案,并采用区域精化似大地水准面进行GPS高程转换和精度分析。     

GPS拟合高程的精度分析

本文根据GPS高程原理,结合淮安市区一级GPS控制网测量的GPS高程平差,对已知水准点的数量及分布情况进行分析研究,得到GPS拟合高程可能达到的精度。     

GPS城区地籍控制网的精度分析及高程拟合研究

对某县城GPS城区地籍控制网进行了数据处理和精度分析,采用二次多项式曲面拟合函数,获得测区的高程异常模型,把GPS控制点的大地高转换为正常高,最后拟合点和检核点的精度达到了4等水准测量的精度要求,满足了地籍测量工作的需要。     

GPS地籍控制网的建立

本文结合一个实例,较全面地介绍了GPS地籍控制网的方案布设,就网的内、外符合精度和平差结果作了分析,给出了GPS测量与常规测量的比较结果,并讨论了GPS网点的高程确定问题。     

含有跨河水准测量的大型桥梁高程控制网精度分析

在采用GPS进行大型桥梁控制网测量时,需采用精密水准测量得到控制点的高程,同时还需要利用跨河水准测量联测两岸的高程点。结合黄河某大型桥梁的高程控制网的实例,对含有跨河水准测量的大型桥梁高程控制网进行平差计算,并估算精度。     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

 采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河—塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的 污染物监测模型。结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合| 重建阿克苏河—塔里木河的连续水体 污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加。     

Gravity Changes Before Large Earthquakes in China: 1998-2005

Although it is well known that coseismic gravity changes take place during an earthquake, previous research has not yielded convincing evidence demonstrating that significant gravity changes occur before large earthquakes. Furthermore, even if we suspect that gravity changes occur before large earthquakes, we have yet to demonstrate how to consistently observe these changes for useful earthquake forecast that would bring benefits to society. We analyzed ground gravity survey data obtained in 1998, 2000, 200...     

Landslide risk analysis between Giri and Tons Rivers in Himachal Himalaya (India)

The area around Sataun in the Sirmur district of Himachal Pradesh, India (falling between the rivers Giri and Tons; both tributaries of the Yamuna River) was studied for landslide vulnerability on behalf of the inhabitants. The study was made using extensive remote sensing data (satellite and airborne). It is well supported by field evidence, demographic and infrastructural details and aided by Geographic Information System (GIS) based techniques. Field observations testify that slope, aspect, geology, tectonic planes, drainage, and land use all influence landslides in the region. These parameters were taken into consideration using the statistical approach of landslide hazard zonation. Using the census data of 1991, vulnerability of the populace to the landslide hazard was accessed. As most of the infrastructure in the region is concentrated around population centres, population data alone was used for vulnerability studies.     

GNSS系统及其技术的发展研究

阐述了国际上卫星导航系统的总体发展,对美、俄、欧、中的四大全球系统,以及相关的区域系统和增强系统进行了简单的介绍,研究分析了GNSS系统及其技术的发展趋势,同时分析了我国Compass全球系统面临的机遇和挑战,并提出了我国未来工作的建议.     

使用FME与VBA提取机场方格网高程数据

因受机场工程设计软件的测量数据容量限制,基于LiDAR采集、点云分类后得到的地面点云数据LAS不能完整应用于目前设计软件进行设计计算。本文通过对拟选技术方案的筛选,提出了利用FME Workbench数据处理功能,结合VBA编程获取外部方格网平面数据的方法。该方法在FME Workbench中实现了地面点云数据构建TIN、采用逐点内插方法从TIN中提取方格网高程数据、等高线生成及相应图形处理与成果输出。最终通过实际算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

“4D”技术及其应用

介绍“４Ｄ”（即数字地面模型、数字正射影像、数字栅格地图和数字线划地图）系列产品的生产流程、关键技术、及其在耕地保护、防灾减灾救灾和城市规划等方面的应用方法。     

Virtual Australia: its key elements – know,think, communicate

Abstract

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed concept. This discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a ‘virtual [digital] model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environment – from blue sky to bedrock – in real world Australia’. It describes a scenario for Virtual Australia, one or two decades from now, in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a ‘Supranet’. It then examines the concept of the ‘Supranet’ – a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real time – and develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet: the ability to have or collect specific information (know); the ability to process information (think); and the ability to communicate that information. If, in the near future, any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know, think and communicate, the potential for object autonomy will be realised.     

Toward seamless indoor-outdoor applications: Developing stakeholder-oriented location-based services

Location-Based Services (LBS),an emerging new business based on smartphone and mobile networks,are becoming more and more popular.Most of these LBSs,however,only offer non-seamless indoor/outdoor applications and simple applications without giving stakeholders the chance to play an active role.Our specific aim is to solve these issues.This paper presents concepts to solve these issues by expanding the Open Location Services Interface Standard (OpenLS) to allow seamless indoor/outdoor positioning and to extend the content of the services to include information recommended by stakeholders.     

GIS空间数据的采集误差及其分析

本文详细阐述了GIS数据采集过程中的误差来源，重点分析了通过地图、遥感和摄影测量等方式采集数据所产生的误差及其特性，分析了其对GIS数据的影响与消减方法。