内存映射文件在大数据量海洋调查数据处理中的应用

在进行大数据量海洋调查数据处理的过程中,以通常的普通文件操作的方式读取这些数据往往需要应用程序持续不断地努力执行与硬盘间的大量数据交换任务,其不但占用大量计算机内存,而且完成的效率之低往往令人难以忍受。为满足大数据量海洋调查数据计算机处理工作的需要,利用内存映射文件的方法实现了对大数据量海洋调查数据进行高效率读取和分析的软件设计。文中阐述了该软件的设计思路和内存映射文件方法的具体实现过程。通过实际应用证明该软件稳定可靠,在运行效率上较普通应用程序方式有显著提高。     

Quality Control of ARGO Data Based on Climatological T-S Models

By implementing the ARGO program, a large number of T-S profiles can be observed in the world ocean. However, it is very difficult to examine changes of the sensitivity of the sensors equipped at the ARGO floats, because it is difficult to understand their condition in the sea and the reliability of the data. Quality control must be done in order to avoid the wrong conclusion deduced from the wrong data.One of the realistic methods for quality control of the ARGO data is the comparison with the local climatology. High quality climatological T-S models in northwest Pacific have been built based on the Nansen bottle data and CTD data for the quality control in NMDIS. The models are used to check the ARGO data in this area and have got good result.     

基于气候性温盐关系模型对Argo数据进行质量控制的研究

通过全球Argo计划的实施,我们获得了大量的温盐剖面数据。如果对浮标所在洋区的状况不是很了解,很难判断Argo浮标电导率传感器的工作状态及盐度数据的可靠性。为了避免错误的数据,必须对Argo进行有效的质量控制。国家海洋信息中心根据西北太平洋海区的南森站和CTD温盐数据,建立了高质量的气候学温盐数据集,对投放在西北太平洋海区的Argo浮标数据进行了相应的质量控制。结果表明,利用Argo浮标所在海区的气候学数据对Argo数据进行质控是比较有效的方法之一。     

Effects of side keels on patrol vessel safety in astern waves

Planing hull vessel is well-known to have the problem of low damping and susceptible to large roll angles when encountering beam seas especially when stopped or operated at low speed. One approach to reduce this problem is to incorporate a pair of side keels. The effects of the side keels on both roll damping and resistance of a planing hull patrol vessel were experimentally evaluated by varying length, breadth and the position of the side keels. Tests data of the side keels have been presented on the roll damping coefficients and the resistance forces of the vessel. Next, the roll damping coefficients were utilised in time domain simulation program based on a six-degree-of-freedom mathematical model to predict the roll response and assess the vessel safety in astern waves for the case with and without the side keels. The results from the time domain simulation program have indicated that the effects of a pair of side keels can improve the vessel safety.     

全球Argo实时海洋观测网全面建成

文中较详尽地介绍了全球Argo实时海洋观测网建设现状,以及Argo资料在相关领域应用研究中所取得的成果,揭示了Argo资料广阔的应用研究前景。但要实现国际Argo计划的最终目标,尚需各参与国不遗余力。     

Delaunay三角网在河床冲淤计算中的应用

冲淤计算是河流、海岸、港区等水域分析和预测水下地表变化的基础。通过收集不同时期水下地形高程值,基于Delaunay三角网生成的数字高程模型,以三维空间垂直三棱柱体为基本单元,计算出河、海床面局部空间区域体积变化量。利用VBA强大的可视化用户界面及其编程语言,以国家大型工程为应用实例,开发出嵌入于AutoCAD环境中的冲淤量自动计算程序。     

基于质控数据库的海洋环境监测生物名质量控制方法研究

全国海洋环境监测每年获得大量的生物多样性监测数据,其中生物种类名记录存在书写不规范、格式不统一、同物异名、学名和中文名缺失、拼写错误等情况,对数据的质量和使用产生很大影响.为了对这些分类数据进行质量控制,构建质控数据库.以2011、2012年全国海洋环境监测实测生物分类数据为原始分类数据,以《中国海洋物种多样性》、《海洋生物分类代码》、《中国海洋生物名录》中的物种数据为标准生物名称,采用计算机程序匹配与人工匹配相结合的方法,建立原始分类数据与标准生物名称的对应关系,完成匹配分类数据的标准化处理并入库,形成质控数据库.基于质控数据库,结合质量控制程序,使得需要进行质控的生物名数据与质控数据库中＂实测中文名＂或＂实测学名＂相匹配,返回质控数据库中的＂标准中文名＂、＂标准学名＂、＂标准类群＂的值以及＂记录处理＂,并作为新增列插入到原数据中,从而实现对分类数据的一站式批量质控.基于质控数据库的生物名质控方法为生物分类数据的质量控制提供了一个简单、有效且易于推广的新方法.     

军用文书中地名信息的自适应语义组合方法

军用文书中经常出现基于地名信息的指示指令,自动生成相关指令可极大提高文书的作业效率。基于建设项目,以建设中的地名库数据为支撑,多尺度组织地名数据,基于Delaunay三角网建立各层数据自适应搜索机制,通过相关模型将指定范围内的空间对象与当前对象的空间关系进行自然语言定义,基于概念图和预设链接谓词表,实现各语义要素自动组合,生成基于地名信息的有关指令。经过相关系统测试和海量数据实际应用,地名信息的自适应语义组合方法稳定、有效、实用性强。     

Wave statistics based on ship's observations

Wave observations made visually from selected ships are commonly used in coastal engineering for design purposes. The reliability of wave statistics based on ship's observations appears to be acceptable provided a large number of observations is available and the maximum observed waves are considered with care.A computer program was developed to process data from magnetic tapes made available by meteorological offices. Exceedance frequencies, wave roses and wave power distributions can be computed both for deep-water and shallow-water conditions. Littoral drift and return periods of extreme wave conditions are computed as well.Some results are presented for the southwestern part of the French Mediterranean coast.     

荔湾3-1上部组块浮托安装实测研究

随着海洋资源的开采走向深海,海上平台需要面对更加恶劣的海洋环境,因此,需要平台的质量更大,结构更强。而如何安装这些大型平台成为工程施工的重要挑战。浮托安装法是大型平台安装的一种十分有发展前景的安装方法,在浮托安装过程中进行实时监测,可以为浮托安装提供直接的信息反馈,保障安装的顺利进行。以荔湾3-1浮托安装为例,讨论了浮托安装过程中用到的实测技术,主要包括:浮托驳船及组块插尖的六自由度运动监测;施工海域海洋气象条件监测——风、浪、表面流和潮位;浮托驳船两侧护舷的载荷监测。并通过对实测结果进行综合分析,给出可靠的实测数据,为对比理论计算和模型试验,检验预报方法的可靠性提供支持。     

Asymmetrical breakwater gap wave diffraction using finite and infinite elements

An experimental technique and configuration has been developed by the author to simulate and measure (using short range photogrammetric techniques) the wave heights of waves diffracting into a model basin of infinite extent. The finite and infinite element program “WAVE” developed in the Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Swansea, Wales, has been modified to run on the UNIVAC 1100 at the University of Cape Town. The program is used to model the experimental configuration being tested mathematically. Two configurations, namely a symmetrical and an asymmetrical breakwater gap configuration, are analysed both experimentally and numerically. It is concluded that there is a good correlation between the finite element and experimental results and that the “WAVE” program is a very useful tool for the prediction of wave heights in large harbour basins.     

A Bayesian method for the estimation of return values of wave heights

Bayesian statistics offer a novel means of estimating return values of wave heights and hence of establishing design criteria for offshore structures. The Bayesian method has significant advantages over the classical method since it enables all types of uncertainty (physical, parameter, distribution) associated with the design wave prediction to be handled in a consistent manner in the same analysis.The basic principles of the Bayesian method for drawing inferences are outlined step-by-step. It is shown how Bayesian estimators of return values for wave heights are established by taking an expectation over all parameters and contending distributions. When the Bayesian procedure is applied to large data sets, such as wave data sets, computational difficulties could be encountered, making a “remedial” procedure necessary. However, the Bayesian procedure has been used successfully with wave data sets from the northern North Sea. Furthermore, the associated remedial procedure is such that the program can be made suitable for many existing computers, e.g. desk computers.     

Sensitivity of Satellite Altimetry Data Assimilation on a Weapon Acoustic Preset

The purpose of this research is to assess the benefit of assimilating satellite altimeter data for naval undersea warfare. To accomplish this, sensitivity of the weapon acoustic preset program (WAPP) for the Mk 48 variant torpedo to changes in the sound-speed profile (SSP) is analyzed with SSP derived from the modular ocean data assimilation system (MODAS). The MODAS fields differ in that one uses altimeter data assimilated from three satellites while the other uses no altimeter data. The metric used to compare the two sets of outputs is the relative difference in acoustic coverage area generated by WAPP. Output presets are created for five different scenarios, two anti surface warfare (ASTJW) scenarios, and three antisubmarine warfare (ASW) scenarios, in each of three regions: the East China Sea, Sea of Japan, and an area south of Japan that includes the Kuroshio currents. Analysis of the output reveals that, in some situations, WAPP output is very sensitive to the inclusion of the altimeter data because of the resulting differences in the subsurface predictions. The change in weapon presets can be so large that the effectiveness of the weapon may be affected.     

Trophodynamic phasing in theoretical,experimental aud natural pelagic ecosystems

It is a great honour to be awarded the Oceanographical Society of Japan Prize for 1988 and to be provided with this opportunity to review our work on trophic relations in the pelagic environment of the sea. Many Japanese colleagues have participated in Canada on our experiments. These persons include Drs. H. Seki, M. Takahashi, A. Hattori, T. Ikeda, I. Koike, M. Ohtsu, S. Ichimura, K. Iseki, E. Matsumoto, N. Handa, Y. Maita, and others without whom our work on marine ecosystems would have assumed much less importance. In addition, the visit of Professor M. Uda to Nanaimo in 1959, and his lectures on fisheries oceanography, have always been an inspiration to me in the practical application of oceanography. For me, work on trophodynamic relationships grew out of my early association with Dr. J.D.H. Strickland who initiated some ecosystem studies using large plastic bags in the 1960s (Strickland and Terhune, 1961; Strickland, 1967). The CEPEX program (e.g. Parsons, 1978), which was started about a decade later, gave us the first real opportunity to break away from laboratory studies, where only species which generally grew best were studied, and to perform studies under near natural conditions on multiorganism communities. The purpose of this program was to provide some answers to practical problems as well as to gain a fundamental understanding of biological oceanographic processes. This program was started at a time when a large number of stories were circulating (e.g. Heyerdahl, 1975) that man was about to kill life in the oceans through pollution. In a practical sense what I believe that the CEPEX program showed was that the oceans were much more resilient than had been supposed. The effect of many kinds of pollutants tested during this program was to change the course of ecosystem interactions but not to cause the elimination of life. The scientific value of these experiments went much further in giving us time series data about how the physical/chemical environment interacts with different trophic levels. For the first time, the biological oceanographer was liberated from the hopeless entanglement of time and space in the sea, and it was now possible to follow population dynamics of planktonic organisms (Mullin, 1982). Presented at the annual meeting, Tokyo, 4 April 1988.     

Breaking wave prediction with boundary elements and finite volumes for use with small boat capsize studies: Convergence and resource requirements

The prediction of extreme breaking waves forms the foundation of many fields of research. The authors have recently completed a study in the capsize and re-righting of sailing yachts using breaking wave prediction to enhance experimental results. As breaking wave prediction is only the beginning of any research program a prediction method is required to be both accurate and computationally inexpensive. This paper describes the investigation of two methods varying in computational demand. It has been concluded that a non-linear free surface boundary element method is immediately realisable with application to a research program requiring a large number of predicted waves. A finite volume approach is realisable, but its engineering application across numerous waves is difficult.     

The Polar Floats Program

The Polar Floats Program, an adaptation of midlatitude SOFAR float technology to the polar regions, is used to monitor subsurface circulation patterns over large spatial and temporal scales as well as to track mesoscale features in near realtime. The program is comprised of three major components that are now under development: an 80-Hz float transducer, American and French sea-ice-deployable listening stations using ARGOS data telemetry (ARS and SOFARGOS, respectively), and the software needed for real-time tracking. The adaptation of SOFAR technology to the planar regime demands modifications of the existing design from both environmental and acoustical standpoints. The authors describe the development and use of SOFAR technology within a relatively small sector of the north polar region that encompasses several thousand kilometers around Fram Strait (located between Greenland and Spitsbergen)     

Comparison of upper ocean thermal conditions in the western North Pacific between two pentads: 1938–42 and 1978–82

In order to understand long-term changes in the temperature structure of the upper western North Pacific, we compared thermal conditions in two pentads, 1938–42 (P34) and 1978–82 (P78). The 1938–42 data were taken mostly by the Japanese Imperial Navy in a series of hydrographic surveys. The 1978–82 data were mostly XBT data taken as part of the TRANSPAC program. For each pentad, the data were interpolated to a set of standard depths, put through quality control procedures and averaged on a 1^o×1^o grid. A large area of the central subtropical gyre was warmer during P78, while the southern subtropical gyre, in the area of the North Equatorial Current was warmer during P34. This suggests that the transports of the Kuroshio and North Equatorial currents were larger during P78. Properties of North Pacific subtropical mode water (NPSTMW) were compared between pentads. It was found that NPSTMW was thicker, more uniform in temperature and more confined geographically during P34. A greater thickness is shown to result from stronger wintertime cooling during P34. Changes in the geographic extent of NPSTMW probably result from reduced advection by the Kuroshio current system during P34. The reason for the reduced advection maybe the Kuroshio was in a large meander state for a larger fraction of the earlier pentad, which can cut off advection west of the Izu Ridge.     

基于希尔伯特变换的Chirp信号浅地层剖面数据分析及转换

浅地层剖面系统在海洋工程勘察、海洋矿产资源探测等方面发挥着重要的作用。美国EdgeTech公司生产的3200系列是一种应用较为广泛的Chirp信号浅地层剖面系统,该仪器原始记录的JSF格式数据与传统的SEGY地震数据格式存在很多不同的地方,具体体现在文件头和道头部分,特别是数据记录方式上它同时记录了包络信号和振幅信号两种类型的数据。因此,编写适用的C程序代码将JSF原始数据转换为包络信号和振幅信号两种类型的SEG-Y标准地震数据,并运用该程序读取并转换了南海北部某区域的实测浅剖数据,并分析了浅剖资料解释中采用包络信号数据的原因,为利用振幅信号数据反演海底反射系数等后续工作奠定了基础。     

土体疲劳对打桩分析的影响

在动力沉桩过程中,桩长时间连续运动导致桩侧土体强度的降低,使土体产生疲劳效应。结合一维应力波动理论,桩土相互作用模型和土体疲劳的不同计算方法,编制计算软件,对渤海某油田采油平台的桩基工程进行打桩分析,预测沉桩过程所需的锤击数、桩周土静阻力以及桩的极限承载力。比较不同的桩侧土体疲劳计算模式的分析结果,并用工程实测数据验证计算值。为工程设计和施工提供参考。     

A database for the study of marine mammal behavior: gap analysis, data standardization, and future directions

A relational database that contained published information on the diving behavior and/or movement patterns of marine mammals was compiled to facilitate a modeling effort of the Effects of Sound on the Marine Environment (ESME) program. A total of 448 references from reports, books, and peer-reviewed journal articles were obtained. The metadata describing each animal studied, location of the study, and equipment used were entered into the database as well as empirical data describing the diving behavior and movement patterns of each animal. In total, the database contained 1815 entries from 51 different marine mammal species or subspecies. The majority of animals were seals and sea lions with 1560 entries from 29 individual species. More than half the number of animals studied were from high latitude regions (e.g., Arctic and Antarctic). Other problem areas identified were: 1) Data reduction in summaries, 2) inability to easily summarize qualitative and quantitative data, and 3) lack of standardization in data reporting. A solution is to create a common access data archive where researchers contribute raw published or unpublished geospatially referenced data sets. This would improve access to original data sets with large volumes of data, which, overall, enhances the power to develop robust behavioral or ecological models that could help define critical habitats of marine mammals.