Family Thraciidae (Mollusca,Bivalvia) from Chinese waters

Species,Thracia granubsa of the Family Thraciidae from the China Seas was first reported and described as new to science by Adams et Reeve (1850). No other species was found there for more than 100 years until the author (1980) in his studies on Chinese bivalvia, discovered the second new species,Trigonothracia jinxingae, described in this article. This paper deals with 6 species, three of which are new to science, collected from the littoral and sublittoral zones of the China Seas. Type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica, Qingdao. Contribution No. 1471 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

Two new species of the genus anthenoides (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from southern China

Two new species of the genusAnthenoides from the southern China are described.A. laevigatus sp. nov. shows affinities withA. epixanthus. A. tenuis sp. nov. is related toA. cristatus (Sladen). Contribution No. 1472 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

Two new species of the genusAmphilimna (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from southern China

Two new species of the ophiuriod genusAmphilimna from 280 m depth water east of Hainan Island are described.A. sinica sp. nov. shows affinities withA. transacta (Koehler), andA. granulosa is related toA. cribriformis A. M. Clark. Contribution No. 1432 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

A new species ofSolieria from China

A morphological study of a marine red alga from China, previously identified by various authors as “Solieria mollis (Harv.) Kylin”, has been shown to be an undescribed species ofSolieria. The present new speciesSolieria tenuis is characterized by the slender branches, the unbranched and nonseptate connecting filament and the discoid holdfast surrounded by prop branches resembling proproots of land plants. Contribution No. 989 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

A study of the family Dentaliidae (molusca) found in China

This paper describes 14 species of the family Dentaliidae collected from China by the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica during the surveys on marine invertebrate animals and benthos in the past years. Of which 4 species are considered as new to science; 2 species are first recorded in China. The system adopted is mainly that of T. Habe (1964), but reference is also made to the works of W. Emerson (1962), P. Palmer (1974) and S. D. Chistikov. About 20 Chinese species of Dentaliidae have been described. We consider our study is still not complete and are sure that more species shall be found in further studies. Contribution No. 1456 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

Studies on intercropping ofPorphyra haitanensis T. J. Chang et B. F. Zheng with Bay ScallopArgopecten irradians Lamarck

Results of the experiment of northward transplantation ofPorphyra haitanensis showed that intercrop ofP. haitanensis with Bay Scallop is feasible because the growth duration of both of them is about the same in August–December. Full use of cultivating area, lowering its cost and increasing its product per unit area as well as improving the ecological environment are realized during intercrop. Contribution No. 2152 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

Two new species of Ophidiasterid sea-stars from the vicinity of Diaoyudao,East China Sea

Two new species of the asteroid family Ophidiasteridae are described from two specimens collected by commercial fishery vessels of Qingdao from the vicinity of Diaoyudao (25°45′N, 123°15′E), East China Sea.Hacelia tuberculata sp. nov. shows affinities withH. tyloplax (H. L. Clark, 1914) andLinckia gracilis sp. nov. is related toL. laevigata (Linnaeus). Contribution No. 1163 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

Feeding habits and food composition of half-fin anchovy,Setipinna taty (C et V) in the Bohai Sea

Analysis of the contents of 3,479 stomachs of half-fin anchovy (taken monthly from April 1982 to May 1983 from the Bohai Sea) shows that half-fin anchovy is a zooplanktivorous fish; the young fish feeds mainly on Copepoda while the adult fish feeds mainly on Mysidacea andAcetes chinensis; the food composition has a seasonal change, the main food is Mysidacea in spring butAcetes chinensis in summer and fall; the feeding intensity is closely related to its spawning. Contribution No. 1781 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

Tsengiella,a new genus of delesseriaceae—(Rhodophyta) from China

A medium-sized delesseriaceous red alga has been collected from the subtidal area of the northern Huanghai Sea coast. The characteristics of the specimens precludes their being placed in any genus defined by the currently accepted criteria.Tsengiella gen. nov., withT. spinosa sp. nov., as the type and only known species, is created and allied with theHypoglossum group of the Delesserioideae (Delesseriaceae, Ceramiales, Rhodophyta). Contribution No. 1286 Academia Sinica Institute of Oceanology, Qingdao.     

Brachiopods from China seas

A collection of brachiopods by the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica (Qingdao), contains eight species from seven genera. Six of the species have been recorded previously from China seas—Lingula adamsi, L. anatina, Discinisca stella, Pelagodiscus atlanticus, Campages mariae, Terebratalia coreanica. Two species (Terebratulina hataiana andFrenulina sanguinolenta) have been described from other parts of the Pacific area. The apparent absence of any endemic species is a noteworthy feature of Chinese in comparison with Japanese faunas.     

Analysis of drift bottle and drift card experiments in Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea (1975–80)

The results of drift bottle and drift card experiments in the Bohai Sea and Huanghai Sea obtained by researchers of the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica from 1975–1980 are reported in this article. Of over 50,000 bottles and cards released, around 10,000 were recovered. The results gave some convincing evidences for the existence of the Huanghai Sea Coastal Current, the Huanghai Sea Warm Current, the cyclonic movement around the northern Huanghai Sea Cold Water Mass, the anticyclonic eddy in the area near the Shidao-Qingdao coast and the flow of some of the Huanghai Sea water to the Japan Sea and to the North Pacific off Tokyo. The results show that the drift bottles and cards are still useful for getting the flow pattern of enclosed and semi-enclosed seas. Contribution No. 1312, Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica, Qingdao.     

Dynamics of warm-core mesoscale eddies

A nonlinear model of a warm-core ring is presented here. The model treats the warm core ring as a confined lens of fluid rotating on anf plane. A simple polynomial expansion of the hydrodynamic field variables about the center of mass of the lens provides the basis for an exact reduction of the hydrodynamic equations. Observations from two warm-core rings are compared with simulations from the nonlinear model. Fair agreement is found between model calculations and observations from the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio. Contribution No.1747 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

The occurrence of anomaly thermodynamics phenomenon in trace physico-chemical system

The experimental results show that, when the water is evaporated, the trace metal ions Zn²⁺ etc contained in this water can transfer in 100% concentration to water vapor under the limiting concentration of transfer. Therefore, the free energy, ΔG ⁰, can not be used directly to predict the feasibility of this trace concentration physico-chemical process. Occurrence of the thermodynamics anomaly phenomenon in trace concentration physico-chemical system is presented experimentally in the present paper. Contribution No. 1070 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

On a new species ofPavlova (Prymnesiophyceae) from China

Pavlova viridis sp. nov. is described on the basis of light and electron microscope observations. The material was collected from the coast of haiyang county of Shandong, China. It is characterized by 1) yellowish green to green chloroplast, 2) rudimentary short flagellum 0.3 μm long and hook-shaped, 3) long flagellum with small spherical knob-scales, 4) absence of pyrenoid and stigma, and 5) marine habitat. This new species andP. salina seem to be most closely related to each other but their colour, the insertion of their three appendages, the shape of their knob scales, and their cell periplasts are quite different from one another. Contribution No. 1879 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

Lipids in sediments from Beibu Gulf South China Sea and their geochemical significance

Examination of solvent-extractable lipids in sediments from Beibu Gulf, South China Sea by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) resulted in the first identifications of β, γ-carotanes and their C₁₉ to C₃₁ homologs in the modern sediments from the China Seas. Distributional features of these (mainly triterpenoid and steroid hydrocarbons) biomarkers are discussed and the possibility of using these compounds as indicators of source of materials, diagenesis and depositional conditions is explored. It was found that the biomarkers in this region are mixtures of allochthonous (terrigenous and/or crude oil leak or pollution) and antochthonous (marine) organic components. The biomarders have proved to be of value for understanding sedimentation. Contribution No. 1888 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica. This research is partially funded by the Organic Geochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Geochemistry. Academia Sinica.     

Subsurface temperature and its relation to dynamic height at 130° E across the North Equatorial Current

Temperature profiles down to 1500 m (CTD) collected by Academia Sinica from 1986 to 1990 are used and discussed in relation to the dynamic heights at 130° E across the North Equatorial Current (NEC). An extremely high correlation between subsurface (say at 400 m depth) temperature and dynamic height relative to 1500 db is found, and the corresponding regression relationships suggest a method to estimate geostrophic circulation from subsurface temperature alone. These suggest that the conclusions from extensive studies on this topic in Australian waters also apply to the NEC region, at least at 130°E, thus making the subsurface thermal structure an excellent indicator of the variation of the NEC. Contribution No. 2139 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.     

SOME NEW SPECIES OF NANNOPLANKTON IN JIAOZHOU BAY, SHANDONG, CHINA

Three new spades and a new variety of nannoplankton, Chrysochromulina papillata, Gaysochromulina chiton var. minuta, Paraphysomonas simplexocorbita and Paraphysomonas bisorbulina are reported in this paper. All were isolated from the preliminary culture samples of seawater collected from Jiaozhou Bay, Shandong, China. The three species occurred at Station 1(120° 14.56′ E, 36°4′N) in November 1984, the new variety at Station 2 (120° 16.35° E,36°4.5′N) in January, 1985. The morphological features, especially the structures of the scales of these new nannoplankton,. are described. The differences between the new species and the related ones are discussed; their movement and nutrition, and the temperature and salinity of their biotopes are also mentioned.     

Empirical orthogonal modes in the Western Pacific

The method of empirical orthogonal modes has been widely used since the 1970's in physical oceanography to study and rebuild vertical structures of ocean dynamic factors. Because of the dominance of the low modes, the dynamic profile data can be largely reduced. Up to now, all expressions of empirical orthogonal modes are numerical. In this study, an analytic expression for empirical orthogonal ocean modes is constructed for convenient use whereby any numerical expressions can be repeated. The features of the normal modes decomposed from the buoyance frequency profiles obtained in October of 1986, 1987 and 1988 by the R/VScience 1 in the western Pacific are quantitatively examined in this study. Contribution No. 1724 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica     

Protection of steel piles in harbours by using DZ tape and cathodic polarization

An anticorrosion method using wet DZ¹ tape and electrochemical cathodic protection is suggested. The advantages of this method over internationally patented sealing techniques lie in its electrochemically open system, high adsorption of OH⁻ with resultant rise of pH, exchangeable electrolytes, simple pretreatment of the steel pipe, simplicity of application, lower cost, better protection even under ebb tide, and low transmission of oxygen and corrosion products. Contribution No. 1455 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica