Mapping alteration mineral zones and lithological units in Antarctic regions using spectral bands of ASTER remote sensing data

Abstract

Geological mapping is one of the primary tasks of remote sensing. Remote sensing applications are especially useful when extreme environmental conditions inhibit direct survey such as in Antarctica. In this investigation, a satellite-based remote sensing approach was used for mapping alteration mineral zones and lithological units using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data in the Oscar II coast area, north-eastern Graham Land, Antarctic Peninsula. Specialized band ratios and band combinations were developed using visible and near infrared, shortwave infrared (SWIR) and thermal infrared spectral bands of ASTER for detecting alteration mineral assemblages and lithological units in Antarctic environments. Constrained Energy Minimization, Orthogonal Subspace Projection and Adaptive Coherence Estimator algorithms were tested to ASTER SWIR bands for detecting sub-pixels’ abundance of spectral features related to muscovite, kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, epidote, chlorite and biotite. Results indicate valuable applicability of ASTER data for Antarctic geological mapping.     

中国兰坪地区铜﹑铅﹑锌矿潜在分布的GIS预测模型(英文)

Mineral resource potential mapping is a complex analytical process,which requires the consideration and the inte-gration of a number of spatial evidences like geological,geomorphological,and wall rock alteration.The aim of this paper is to establish mineral exploration model for copper,lead,and zinc in Lanping basin area using the capability of analytical tools of Geographic Information System(GIS) and remote sensing data to generate maps showing favorable mineralized area.The geo-exploration dataset used f...     

Gondwana-Derived Terranes Structural Mapping Using PALSAR Remote Sensing Data

Gondwana-derived terranes are now separated by major faults or suture zone, which are rarely simple and easily recognizable lineaments. Different association of ore mineral systems such as deposits of sediment-hosted/orogenic gold and granite-related minerals is discovered in collision and subduction zones of the Gondwana-derived terranes. They are associated with large-scale, terrane-bounding fault systems and broad areas of deformation. Mineralization mostly associated with structurally-controlled complex lodes, veins, sheeted veins and veinlets in diverse orientations. Recognizing the structural significance of lineaments and curvilinear is very difficult in tropical, arid and Antarctic regions due to environmental obstacles. Remote sensing data could be used to detect geological structures associated with suture zones between Gondwana-derived terranes especially for large inaccessible regions where fieldwork is limited or nonexistent. In this investigation, the Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) satellite remote sensing data were used to map major geological structures in the Bentong-Raub Suture Zone of Peninsular Malaysia. It is one of the major structural zones in Sundaland, Southeast Asia, which forms the boundary between the Gondwana-derived the Sibumasu terrane and Sukhothai-Indochina arc. Structural features associated with sediment-hosted/orogenic gold deposits in the Central Gold Belt and tin mineralization in S-type granites in the Main Range were investigated using PALSAR data and comprehensive fieldwork. Results indicate that main faults strike along 340° to 350° that are intersected by many shear or lateral fault zones are high potential zone for gold mineralization in the Central Gold Belt. Hydrothermally alteration mineral zones and cataclastic rocks are also the other indicators of gold mineralized veins in the gold belt. High potential zones for tin mineralization are N–S strike-slip faults, fault zones and shear zones trending E–W, NE–SW and WNW–ESE in dissected crystalline granitic rocks that are associated with hydrothermal alteration zones in the Western Tin Belt. Lineament analysis using PALSAR satellite remote sensing data is a useful tool for mapping major geological structural features and detection of the boundary between the Gondwana-derived terranes and detailed structural analysis of fault systems and deformation with high potential for a variety of mineral resources, especially in tropical, arid and Antarctic regions.     

The application of day and night time ASTER satellite imagery for geothermal and mineral mapping in East Africa

There is considerable interest in optimizing geothermal exploration techniques via the mapping of alteration and evaporate mineralisation, as well as of thermal emissions associated with geothermally active areas on the Earth’s surface. Optical and thermal satellite sensor technologies, improvements in processing algorithms and the means for large scale (e.g. 1:250,000) spatial data distribution are required for detecting both these attributes. The extensive visible, -near, -shortwave and thermal infrared (VNIR-SWIR-TIR) data archive acquired by the multi-spectral Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER) provides a rich source of geoscience related imagery for geothermal exploration. Examples of generating large scale mosaicked ASTER imagery to provide province to continental mineral mapping have been undertaken in areas including such as Australia, western USA, Namibia and Zagros Mountains Iran. In addition, ASTER’s thermal infrared imagery also provides night time land surface temperature (LST) estimates relevant for detecting possible geothermal related anomalies.This study outlines existing methods for the application of ASTER data for geothermal exploration in East Africa. The study area encompasses a section of the East African Rift System across the Tanzanian and Kenyan border. The area includes rugged volcanic terrain which has had geological mapping of limited coverage at detailed scales, from various heritages and mapping agencies. This study summarizes the technology, the processing methodology and initial results in applying ASTER imagery for such compositional and thermal anomaly mapping related to geothermal activity. Fields observations have been used from the geothermal springs of Lake Natron, Tanzania, and compared with ASTER derived spectral composition and land surface temperature results. Published geothermal fields within the Kenyan portion of the study area have also been incorporated into this study.     

多光谱定量化分析技术在矿化蚀变信息提取中的应用研究

多光谱定量化解释是遥感技术发展中具有重大意义而又十分复杂的问题。多光谱定量化方法,不仅可以有效地消除一些干扰因素对遥感解释的影响,而且也是进行遥感地物识别研究的重要手段。本文开展的应用研究工作是,利用航空多光谱遥感(ＡＴＭ)图像数据提供的高分辨率地物反射光谱信息,系统地吸收和借鉴了航空物探遥感中心“八五”期间在遥感新技术、新方法研究领域取得的科研成果,应用多光谱定量化分析技术,试验性地在我国西北新疆半干旱地质找矿区展开遥感地物识别研究,取得了明显的应用效果。为在地质找矿区进行岩性识别提供了新的思路;同时对开展多光谱定量化解释研究具有实际意义。     

高光谱遥感技术在地质领域中的应用

近年来，高光谱应用技术在地质领域得到了深入的应用与发展，不仅深化了地质学的基础研究，也推动着遥感地质填图从岩 性填图向矿物填图的飞跃，推进了高光谱遥感技术在成矿预测、地质成生环境成因信息探测、植被地化信息与理化信息提取以及矿 山环境调查等应用的不断深入。本文围绕高光谱技术的特点，并结合作者近年来的工作实践，论述了高光谱技术在上述领域的实际 应用情况与应用效果。     

合成孔径雷达图像填图方法与应用探讨

以ERS-2和RadarSat-1卫星雷达数据为信息源，通过新疆1∶25万大黑山幅遥感地质填图研究，从方法与应用角度分析论述了雷达图像的地质反映，总结出回波强度与地形单元和岩石之间变化规律、宏观粗糙度对回波强度的控制以及灰度-结构单元作为填图基本单位的方法技术和填图含义。     

四种遥感浅海水深反演算法的比较

详细介绍了单波段线性回归模型、两波段比值线性回归模型、多波段组合线性回归模型、BP神经网络模型等4种光学遥感水深反演算法,然后利用同一地区、同一时期的Worldview-2多光谱遥感影像和实测水深数据,对4种水深反演模型的准确性进行了实验比较。研究表明:多波段组合线性回归模型、BP神经网络模型的水深反演的性能较好,利用多光谱遥感图像数据反演得到的水深值误差较小;而单波段线性回归模型、两波段比值线性回归模型的效果较差。     

Mapping of bauxite mineral deposits in the northern region of Saudi Arabia by using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer satellite data

Mineral deposit mapping is very essential for sustainable and eco-friendly exploitation of natural resources. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has abundant natural resources such as natural gas, oil and minerals. It reserves high quantity of minerals such as phosphates, bauxites, copper, gold and other industrial minerals. The red soil regions located in Hail and Qassim provinces of Saudi Arabia have rich amount of bauxite (major aluminum ore) deposits. In order to initiate the focus on mapping of mineral deposits along this area, standardized hyper-spectral analysis has been carried out by using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite data. The spectral signature of gibbsite (major element in bauxite) samples is analyzed with reference to the spectral features of gibbsite in the visible near infrared and short-wave infrared bands electromagnetic spectrum. Advanced hyper-spectral transformations such as minimum noise fraction function and pixel purity index have been performed to identify the target end-member. The existence of the mineral is confirmed by comparing the spectral signatures of the end-member with the predefined spectral plots of ASTER and United States Geological Survey spectral libraries. Finally, the end-members are mapped and their abundance is estimated in 0–1 scale. The study has opened up new areas for mapping of bauxite deposits in the area and leads to eco-friendly exploitation of natural resources. It also validates the high potential of ASTER multispectral satellite data for the exploration and mapping of mineral resources.     

矿床地质勘查评价系统研究

建立矿床地质勘查评价系统是提高矿床储量评价的工作效率和精度的必然要求。本文首先阐述了矿床地质勘查评价系统的总体结构,然后描述了系统的主要功能,最后在辽宁省本溪市某铁矿床地质勘查评价工作中得到了应用。矿床地质勘查评价系统由数据库及其管理子系统、制图子系统、储量评价子系统三个部分组成,它的主要功能包括数据录入和编辑、信息查询和检索、矿床储量评价以及可视化输出。     

Identification of hydrocarbon microseepage induced alterations with spectral target detection and unmixing algorithms

Hydrocarbon micro and macro seeps alter chemical and mineral composition of the Earth’s surface, providing prospects for detection with remote sensing tools. There have been several studies focusing on mapping these anomalies by utilizing ever evolving multispectral and hyperspectral imaging instruments, which has proven their capacity for mapping both hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon-induced alterations so far. These studies broadly comprise of methods like calculating band ratios, spectral angle mapping, spectral feature fitting, and principal component analysis as detection techniques. However, there is a lack of concentration on advanced signature based detection algorithms and unmixing methods for mapping surface manifestations of hydrocarbon microseeps. Signature based detection algorithms utilize target spectra to correlate with each pixel’s spectrum in order to allocate possible target locations. Unmixing methods, on the other hand, require no input spectra beforehand, aiming to resolve each pixel’s spectral constituents and their corresponding abundance fractions. In this paper, the potential of all these methods in mapping microseepage related anomalies are evaluated by implementing and comparing them for Gemrik Anticline, one of the prospective hydrocarbon exploration fields in Turkey. Hence, it provides a complete knowledge on determination surface manifestations of hydrocarbon microseeps with the help of well known supervised target detection algorithms and hyperspectral unmixing algorithms. The study area is located in the Southeastern Anatolia, between the cities of Adıyaman and Şanlıurfa. The spectral signatures were collected with Analytical Spectral Devices Inc. (ASD) spectrometer during the field studies conducted by Avcıoğlu (2010), to be utilized as an input to the signature based detection algorithms as well as a reference to select the related abundance map among the outputs of unmixing methods. Advanced Space Borne Thermal Emission and Radiometer (ASTER) image of the study region, with an atmospheric correction before running the algorithms, is selected for the applications. Among the applied algorithms, Simplex Identification via Split Augmented Lagrangian (SISAL) is selected as a base of comparison, as it possess minimum calculated error metrics in the experiments. Another unmixing method, the Minimum Volume Simplex Algorithm (MVSA), and signature-based techniques, Desired Target Detection and Classification Algorithm (DTDCA) & Spectral Matched Filter (SMF) follow the success of the SISAL, respectively. The Crosta technique, which is performed as a conventional approach for experimental comparisons, has also shown its capability, succeeding these algorithms. The study provides an overall assessment for methodologies to be used for hydrocarbon microseepage mapping, which also serves guidance for further exploration studies in the region. The potential of ASTER data for hydrocarbon-induced alterations is also emphasized as a cost effective tool for the future applications.     

Remote sensing of alpine lake water environment changes on the Tibetan Plateau and surroundings: A review

Alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are key indicators of climate change and climate variability. The increasing availability of remote sensing techniques with appropriate spatiotemporal resolutions, broad coverage and low costs allows for effective monitoring lake changes on the TP and surroundings and understanding climate change impacts, particularly in remote and inaccessible areas where there are lack of in situ observations. This paper firstly introduces characteristics of Tibetan lakes, and outlines available satellite observation platforms and different remote sensing water-body extraction algorithms. Then, this paper reviews advances in applying remote sensing methods for various lake environment monitoring, including lake surface extent and water level, glacial lake and potential outburst floods, lake ice phenology, geological or geomorphologic evidences of lake basins, with a focus on the trends and magnitudes of lake area and water-level change and their spatially and temporally heterogeneous patterns. Finally we discuss current uncertainties or accuracy of detecting lake area and water-level changes from multi-source satellite data and on-going challenges in mapping characteristics of glacial lakes using remote sensing. Based on previous studies on the relationship between lake variation and climate change, it is inferred that the climate-driven mechanisms of lake variations on the TP still remain unclear and require further research.     

Application of fuzzy AHP method to IOCG prospectivity mapping: A case study in Taherabad prospecting area,eastern Iran

Using fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique, we propose a method for mineral prospectivity mapping (MPM) which is commonly used for exploration of mineral deposits. The fuzzy AHP is a popular technique which has been applied for multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems. In this paper we used fuzzy AHP and geospatial information system (GIS) to generate prospectivity model for Iron Oxide Copper-Gold (IOCG) mineralization on the basis of its conceptual model and geo-evidence layers derived from geological, geochemical, and geophysical data in Taherabad area, eastern Iran. The FuzzyAHP was used to determine the weights belonging to each criterion. Three geoscientists knowledge on exploration of IOCG-type mineralization have been applied to assign weights to evidence layers in fuzzy AHP MPM approach. After assigning normalized weights to all evidential layers, fuzzy operator was applied to integrate weighted evidence layers. Finally for evaluating the ability of the applied approach to delineate reliable target areas, locations of known mineral deposits in the study area were used. The results demonstrate the acceptable outcomes for IOCG exploration.     

遥感地质技术发展的战略思考

通过对遥感技术和遥感地质发展现状和发展趋势的分析,以经济和社会可持续发展对矿产资源、能源和地质信息的重大需求为牵引,以地质理论、地球系统理论和复杂性科学理论为指导,围绕地质工作的地质矿产调查、地质灾害和环境监测、矿山开发和环境监测的三大战略任务,提出建设和发展地质矿产和能源遥感勘查和评价技术系统、地质灾害和地质环境监测技术系统及业务运行系统、矿山开发和矿山环境监测技术系统及业务运行系统三大应用技术系统和卫星数据采集与地质应用服务系统、全数字化综合航空遥感集成与信息服务系统两大信息服务系统的遥感地质发展战略目标.促进和实现遥感地质分析由定性向定量,遥感地质应用由单技术向技术集成,地质服务由数据向数据、技术和信息的综合服务方向发展和转化.提出了近期和中期重点发展的技术和重点研究领域,讨论了它们的研究现状、存在问题、研究重点和需进一步深入研究的关键技术问题.     

An integrated methodology for soil moisture analysis using multispectral data in Mongolia

Soil moisture (SM) content is one of the most important environmental variables in relation to land surface climatology, hydrology, and ecology. Long-term SM data-sets on a regional scale provide reasonable information about climate change and global warming specific regions. The aim of this research work is to develop an integrated methodology for SM of kastanozems soils using multispectral satellite data. The study area is Tuv (48°40′30″N and 106°15′55″E) province in the forest steppe zones in Mongolia. In addition to this, land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from Landsat satellite images were integrated for the assessment. Furthermore, we used a digital elevation model (DEM) from ASTER satellite image with 30-m resolution. Aspect and slope maps were derived from this DEM. The soil moisture index (SMI) was obtained using spectral information from Landsat satellite data. We used regression analysis to develop the model. The model shows how SMI from satellite depends on LST, NDVI, DEM, Slope, and Aspect in the agricultural area. The results of the model were correlated with the ground SM data in Tuv province. The results indicate that there is a good agreement between output SM and SM of ground truth for agricultural area. Further research is focused on moisture mapping for different natural zones in Mongolia. The innovative part of this research is to estimate SM using drivers which are vegetation, land surface temperature, elevation, aspect, and slope in the forested steppe area. This integrative methodology can be applied for different regions with forest and desert steppe zones.     

Improved geological mapping using landsat-5 TM data in Weixi area,Yunnan province China

Different image processing algorithms have been evaluated in the context of geological mapping using Landsat TM data. False color composites, the principal component imagery, and IHS decorrelation stretching method for Landsat-5 TM data have been found useful for delineating the regional geological features, mainly to provide the maximum geological information of the studied area. The study testifies that using which image processing yields best results for geological mapping in arid and semiarid regions by preserving morphological and spectral information. Generally, the studied area can be divided into three main geological units: Basaltic intrusive rocks, Metamorphic with varying intensities and Sedimentary rocks.     

Improved geological mapping using landsat-5 TM data in Weixi area, Yunnan province China

Different image processing algorithms have been evaluated in the context of geological mapping using Landsat TM data. False color composites, the principal component imagery, and IHS decorrelation stretching method for Landsat-5 TM data have been found useful for delineating the regional geological features, mainly to provide the maximum geological information of the studied area . The study testifies that using which image processing yields best results for geological mapping in arid and semiarid regions by preserving morphological and spectral information. Generally, the studied area can be divided into three main geological units: Basaltic intrusive rocks, Metamorphic with varying intensities and Sedimentary rocks.     

Integrating optical satellite data and airborne laser scanning in habitat classification for wildlife management

Wildlife habitat selection is determined by a wide range of factors including food availability, shelter, security and landscape heterogeneity all of which are closely related to the more readily mapped landcover types and disturbance regimes. Regional wildlife habitat studies often used moderate resolution multispectral satellite imagery for wall to wall mapping, because it offers a favourable mix of availability, cost and resolution. However, certain habitat characteristics such as canopy structure and topographic factors are not well discriminated with these passive, optical datasets. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) provides highly accurate three dimensional data on canopy structure and the underlying terrain, thereby offers significant enhancements to wildlife habitat mapping. In this paper, we introduce an approach to integrate ALS data and multispectral images to develop a new heuristic wildlife habitat classifier for western Alberta. Our method combines ALS direct measures of canopy height, and cover with optical estimates of species (conifer vs. deciduous) composition into a decision tree classifier for habitat – or landcover types. We believe this new approach is highly versatile and transferable, because class rules can be easily adapted for other species or functional groups. We discuss the implications of increased ALS availability for habitat mapping and wildlife management and provide recommendations for integrating multispectral and ALS data into wildlife management.     

南极地区数字正射影像图的制作及难点分析

利用Landsat7的ETM 数据制作南极中山站至DomeA地区的正射卫星影像,具体描述了影像制作的流程,并对南极特殊地理位置及环境下制作正射影像难点进行了分析。