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1.
亚洲金融危机后,东南亚的汽车生产迅速恢复并快速增加,其增长率大大高于世界平均水平。在布局上东南亚汽车生产具有如下特点:①生产高度集中于少数国家,而且集中趋势不断增强;②轿车与商用车平分秋色,但各国有所不同;③生产网络由日本跨国公司主导。形成上述格局的主要原因是由于东南亚各国汽车市场的增长,内部一体化加强,以及当地的政策保护和鼓励等。 相似文献
2.
东亚高速铁路网络的发展演化与地理效应评价 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
经济全球化和区域一体化进程的不断推进,促使东亚在世界经济中的地位不断提升。高速铁路作为促进经济一体化和区域发展的重要手段和基础,其快速发展势必会对东亚地区的区域发展、空间结构、人口流动和一体化产生重大影响。在分析东亚高速铁路网络发展历程及服务水平的基础上,评价与对比了高速铁路建设对城市交通圈和可达性的影响,及一体化高速铁路潜在的空间效应,以期为东亚一体化高速铁路构建提供指导。结果表明:东亚高速铁路网络扩张整体上呈现出“核心—核心”到网络化的发展历程;高速铁路网络在中国东中部、日本和韩国等地区具有较高的人口和产业服务水平,但国土面积覆盖率相对较低;高速铁路的建设促使核心城市交通圈格局不断扩展与强化,可实现当日往返城市对数量明显增加,主要分布在中国长三角、珠三角,日本东京和韩国首尔周边;中国大陆、日本和韩国的加权平均旅行时间分别呈现出以郑州、东京和首尔为中心的“核心—边缘”结构,且圈层结构逐渐向高速铁路沿线延伸;高速铁路的建设促使城市人口服务水平和可达性的空间格局均呈现出明显的“廊道效应”。 相似文献
3.
以全球恐怖主义数据库(GTD)的研究数据为基础,运用地学空间统计分析方法和社会网络分析方法,对2000-2018年东南亚发生的恐怖主义事件进行时空演变特征分析及其参与组织的社会网络关联解析,得出以下结论:1)东南亚恐怖主义发展态势呈现显著的阶段性波动增长,在空间上表现为明显的集聚性,由2000-2013年的两极集聚中心转变为2014-2018年的三级集聚中心。2)东南亚恐怖主义组织众多,恐怖组织类型复杂,各恐怖组织及独狼型恐怖主义之间通过情报、资源及人员交流等方式进行联系,形成了一个巨大的跨地区恐怖组织网络;以伊斯兰祈祷团(JI)为代表的东南亚恐怖组织在上个世纪90年代利用域外组织的支持建立了一个横跨多国、分工明确的4M活动网络,并利用此活动网络进行资金筹集、人员培训、策划活动等。3)东南亚恐怖主义迅速发展有其深层次原因,既有地区内部社会文化、政治环境和经济发展的影响,又有区域外恐怖主义势力的干预。 相似文献
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中国红土期气候期构造期的耦合 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
红土发育、气候变化、构造活动之间存在旋回、周期、因果、主次、配置等耦合关系.其中旋回和周期,以红土发育的阶段性为标志,突出一个"期"字.通过探讨红土旋回与季风发展期、冰期间冰期、新构造期、构造活动期等的对应关系,可以将我国第四纪分为3个构造-气候(红土)主旋回. 相似文献
5.
Evolution and geographic effects of high-speed rail in East Asia: An accessibility approach 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
The rapid development of high-speed rail (HSR) is influencing regional development, regional structure, commuting, and regional integration. East Asia is the region with the world’s first and largest current operating and planned HSR network. In this paper, we examine the evolutionary mechanism and impacts on the transport circle and accessibility of HSR in East Asia. The results indicate that the HSR network first follows a “core-core” model and then forms a corridor in Japan, South Korea, and China Taiwan, but then forms a complete network in China Mainland. The current operating HSR lines are mostly distributed in regions with developed economies and dense populations, and more than half of the population and GDP in China can be served by HSR within 1 hour’s travel time. The planned HSR network will expand to the western region of China and Japan and the southern region of South Korea. The development of the current operating and planned HSR network considerably enlarges the transport circle of core cities, especially cities along trunk HSR lines. This 1 h transport circle of core cities has formed continuous regions in the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Tokyo, Seoul, and along trunk HSR lines. The HSR network will bring about substantial improvement in accessiblity, but also increase the inequality of nodal accessibility in China Mainland. Spatially, the spatial patterns of the weighted shortest travel time of cities in China Mainland, Japan, and South Korea all present the “core-peripheral structure”, taking Zhengzhou, Tokyo, and Seoul, respectively, as core cities, and cities located along the trunk HSR lines gain large improvement in accessibility. 相似文献
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中国红土期气候构造期的耦合 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
红土发育、气候变化、构造活动之间存在旋回、周期、因果、主次、配置等耦合关系。其中旋回和周期,以红土发育的阶段性为标志,突出一个“期”字。通过探讨红土旋回与季风发展期、冰期间冰期、新构造期、构造活动期等的对应关系,可以将我国第四纪分为3个构造-气候(红土)主旋回。 相似文献
8.
During uplift of the Tibetan plateau and surrounding ranges, tectonic processes have interacted with climatic change and with local random effects (such as landslides) to determine the development of the major river systems of Asia. Rivers draining northward from the Pamir syntaxis have three distinctive patterns that are controlled by different tectonic and climatic regimes. West of the Pamir, the rivers have moderate but irregular gradients and drain northwards to disappear into arid depressions. Relatively steady uplift of the Hindu Kush in northern Afghanistan allowed rivers to cut across the rising ranges, modified by the shear along the Harirud fault zone, local faulting, and by increasing rain-shadow effects from the rising Makran. In the transition to the Pamir the rivers have steeper but more even gradients suggesting more even flow and downcutting during uplift, possibly related to larger glacial sources. In the central Pamir, only one antecedent river, the Pyandzh appears to have kept its northward course with compression and uplift of the indenter, and its course strangely corresponds with a major geophysical boundary (a distorted subducted slab) but not a geological boundary: the other rivers are subsequent rivers developed along deformation fronts during development and northward displacements of the Pamir structural units. The above areas have sources north of the Cretaceous Karakorum–South Pamir Andean margin. On the eastern flank of the Pamir, in the Kunlun and northern Tibetan plateau, the rivers rise similarly north of the Cretaceous Andean margin of southern Tibet, but then flow with low gradients across the plateau, before cutting and plunging steeply down across the Kunlun to disappear into the arid Tarim. These steep profiles are the result of late Neogene uplift of the northern Tibetan plateau and Kunlun possibly modified by glacial diversion and river capture. The drainage history of the Pamir indenter can be reconstructed by restoring the gross movements of the plates and the tectonic displacements, uplift, and erosion of individual tectonic units. Most important changes in drainage took place in the last 10 million years, late Miocene to Quaternary times, as the Pamir syntaxis developed. 相似文献
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Rocks from the Massif de la Serre in the French Jura (latitude: 47.3°N longitude: 5.6°E) belonging to an ignimbritic assemblage dominated by vitrophyric rhyolites, and whose age of formation is probably Permian (Autunian to Saxonian) have been studied by applying thermal and alternating field demagnetization. the characteristic magnetization has a mean direction derived from 89 samples of D= 170°, I = - 16°, k = 26.2°, α95 = 3° and a corresponding north palaeopole at 41°N, 172°E, A 95 = 5°. the pole, which is very close to the Permian European poles, can thus be considered as a new contribution. Some samples are found to carry a unique normal polarity magnetization, others carry both normal and reverse polarities. It therefore seems that, similar to Permian series in the USSR, these west European rocks have registered a normal event in the Kiaman interval. From a structural point of view, we may conclude that during the Alpine tectonic phases the Massif de la Serre has not been subjected to substantial rotation. 相似文献
11.
在政治、经济、历史、文化等诸方面存在着极大的复杂性与差异性的亚洲西太平洋地区,“亚区域经济圈”是该地区区域经济合作的有效模式,本文对“亚区域经济圈”的有效性、可行性及其发展前景作了初步的探讨。 相似文献
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Yoshiko Kawabata Hiroyuki Nakahara Yukio Katayama Norio Ishida 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1997,6(1):5-16
The Aral Sea, Lake Balkhash, and Lake Kamyslybas are closed lakes in Central Asia. They range from oligosaline to metasaline.
The salinity of the Aral Sea has increased by more than 30 g L−1 since widespread irrigation began in its catchment area. Few studies of the phytoplankton have been conducted on these lakes
since extensive irrigation started. The investigation reported here compares the flora of phytoplankton in these saline lakes.
In the Small Aral Sea, phytoplankton density gradually decreased with increasing electrical conductivity (EC) (∼ salinity),
but there was no such relation in Lake Balkhash and Lake Kamyslybas. In the Aral Sea, Dinophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were
frequently observed in most areas of high EC value, and Cyanophyceae were most conspicuous in the area of medium and lower
EC values. In Lake Balkhash, Cyanophyceae were most conspicuous, but Chlorophyceae were also noticeable. Most Cyanophyceae
in Aral Sea formed filaments with heterocysts. The distinct characteristic of the phytoplankton of the Lake Balkhash was that
all dominant species form colonies covered with a gelatinous film. Siliceousplankton diversity gradually decreased with increasing
EC values in the Aral Sea and Lake Balkhash. 相似文献
14.
城市空间结构的历史演变 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
邓清华 《地理与地理信息科学》2005,21(6):78-81,85
在评述国内外相关研究的基础上,从生态角度对城市空间结构演变进行阶段性分析,按建城 过程的生态思想分析生态自发阶段(前工业社会)、生态失落阶段(工业社会)和生态觉醒 阶段(后工业社会)的城市空间结构演变过程.认为在人与自然经历“依赖-对抗-调节” 的过程中,城市的人工空间与自然空间也由相融、脱离到再次协调;城市空间结构模式由弱单中心结构转变为同心圆模式,再发展为主副多中心模式. 相似文献
15.
Tectonic history from vitrinite reflectance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. F. Middleton 《Geophysical Journal International》1982,68(1):121-132
Summary. The degree of organic metamorphism of carbonaceous matter is expressed in terms of the reflectance of vitrinite. Vitrinite reflectance is a function of temperature and time. A model relating vitrinite reflectance to temperature and time is proposed from published vitrinite reflectance—temperature—time nomograms. A plot of the logarithm of vitrinite reflectance versus depth gives a linear curve (for vitrinite reflectance greater than 0.3 per cent) in a sedimentary basin which has had a constant geothermal gradient throughout its tectonic history; the geothermal gradient (°C km−1 ) is equal to the slope of the curve multiplied by 194.8. The model is also applied to sedimentary basins with decreasing geothermal gradient with time (i.e. cooling continental-margin basins). The vitrinite reflectance model is demonstrated to be consistent with observed reflectance data and tectonic information from the Sydney, Bowen-Surat and Gippsland basins in eastern Australia. 相似文献
16.
以美国实施亚太再平衡战略和中国推进丝绸之路经济带建设为背景,本研究总结了地缘政治、地缘经济、地缘战略的基本概念和相互之间的关系,并回顾了基本的地缘政治理论及其研究进展。继而在概括东亚地缘政治环境变化特点的基础上,论文总结了中蒙之间、中俄之间地缘政治关系发展趋势,认为美国亚太再平衡战略打破了亚太地缘力量平衡格局,中国利益受到来自日本、越南、菲律宾等国的强力挑战。随后,论文以东北亚能源市场为例探讨了地缘环境变化对区域资源市场的影响。其中,对中国而言,建设丝绸之路经济带是应对地缘环境危机的策略;与此同时,俄罗斯在受到西方制裁后将眼光投向亚洲,加之中俄之间具有很强的经济互补性,双方的资源合作水平有望进一步提高;蒙古国经济上对中国依赖很大,美国重返亚洲之后,蒙古国调整了自己的地缘战略,企图借美国力量制衡中俄在蒙古国的影响力,虽然中蒙之间的地缘政治关系总体上是向好发展,但美国的介入增加了中蒙资源合作的不确定性;因日韩为美国盟友,中俄与美国的地缘利益冲突将减少其在东北亚资源市场上的份额;对朝鲜来说,因其经济总量很小,对区域资源市场影响不大。 相似文献
17.
James A. Tyner 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》1999,20(2):193-209
In the last three decades, there has been an increased "feminisation" of international migration within the Asian region. In part, the increased mobility of women migrant workers within Asia has resulted from the increased bureaucratic regulation of labour migration. This commodification of the migratory process, however, has placed women in significantly more vulnerable positions vis-´-vis their male counterparts. Comparatively little research, however, has examined the critical role of private recruitment agencies, and especially the use of the Internet, within the migratory process. In this paper, I examine the Web-based recruitment strategies of private recruitment agencies in Asia. Based on a qualitative analysis of 25 recruitment-related Web sites, I suggest that the commercialisation of migration serves an important "socialisation" process that contributes to the vulnerability and exploitation of female foreign domestic workers. 相似文献
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S. L. Brian Ceh 《The Professional geographer》1997,49(1):64-76
While inventive activity is necessary for industrial economies to progress, little is known about the types of enterprises inventing in Canada. The present study examines a typology of Canadian inventive enterprises at the national, subnational, and urban levels and the types of inventions developed in these areas from 1975 to 1989. Canadian patent and industrial directory information shows that Canada's largest enterprises are the most inventive, followed by small and then medium-sized enterprises. Although Canadian enterprises used teams of inventors to develop a considerably larger share of their inventions by 1989, they became discernably more inventive in only one industry after 1981 while concentrating on many process inventions between 1975 and 1989. Geographically, Canada's two largest cities and its core region were adversely affected by the declining inventiveness of this nation's large and foreign-owned enterprises during the 1980s. With respect to Canada's periphery, many of the characteristics typical of Canadian inventive enterprises were not readily apparent in this region, which had a more specialized inventive base than did the core. 相似文献
20.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):64-76
While inventive activity is necessary for industrial economies to progress, little is known about the types of enterprises inventing in Canada. The present study examines a typology of Canadian inventive enterprises at the national, subnational, and urban levels and the types of inventions developed in these areas from 1975 to 1989. Canadian patent and industrial directory information shows that Canada's largest enterprises are the most inventive, followed by small and then medium-sized enterprises. Although Canadian enterprises used teams of inventors to develop a considerably larger share of their inventions by 1989, they became discernably more inventive in only one industry after 1981 while concentrating on many process inventions between 1975 and 1989. Geographically, Canada's two largest cities and its core region were adversely affected by the declining inventiveness of this nation's large and foreign-owned enterprises during the 1980s. With respect to Canada's periphery, many of the characteristics typical of Canadian inventive enterprises were not readily apparent in this region, which had a more specialized inventive base than did the core. 相似文献