鄂尔多斯盆地吴起地区古地貌对侏罗系下部油藏形成和富集控制机制分析

为了研究吴起地区侏罗系古地貌油藏成藏主控因素,采用沉积学古地貌恢复法,依据富县组+延10地层砂体厚度刻画吴起地区侏罗系古水系分布,结合鄂尔多斯盆地前侏罗纪古地质特征,对吴起地区古地貌特征及侏罗系下部油藏成藏和富集规律进行了研究,在此基础上总结了油气成藏模式。研究表明:吴起地区发育下切河谷、斜坡带和河间丘三种古地形。前侏罗纪古地形控制着侏罗纪早期地层的沉积和油藏的分布,富县组地层与延长组之间的角度不整合剥蚀面和侵蚀河谷厚层高渗砂体是石油运移的主要通道,同时高渗砂体也是侏罗系下部油藏的主要储集体。依据侏罗系下部油藏的空间分布,结合古地貌、沉积环境、微构造特征等多方面因素总结出吴起地区侏罗系古地貌油藏的3种成藏模式:斜坡式、河间丘式和古河式,其中河间丘式油藏最为发育。      

鄂尔多斯盆地华庆地区侏罗系富县组油藏主控因素研究

侏罗系是鄂尔多斯盆地石油勘探与开发的重要目的层。华庆地区富县组油藏是近年鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系勘探取得重大突破的新区块和新层系,已展现出良好的勘探前景和资源潜力。本文利用印模法等方法精细刻画了华庆地区前侏罗纪古地貌特征,深入分析了侏罗系富县组油藏控制因素和富集规律。结果表明,华庆地区侏罗系富县组油藏主要来源于下部三叠系延长组优质烃源岩,油藏类型为构造油藏和岩性-构造油藏,发育在古地貌斜坡带背景之上的河道边滩沉积主砂带内。油藏富集主要受控于前侏罗纪古地貌特征,充足的油源供给、河道边滩相沉积、优越的输导条件、鼻隆构造及良好的泥岩封堵等是华庆地区富县组油藏富集的主要控制因素。     

陇东地区前侏罗纪古地貌及油藏成藏规律研究

陇东地区以往对油气地质方面的研究多聚焦于三叠系,侏罗系的研究相对比较零散,缺乏整体性、系统性;限于当时的基础资料、研究目的及认识,研究的精度和深度有一定的局限性,精细地质刻画及与生产实践的结合程度较低。对陇东地区古地貌特征和成藏规律的研究,作为对全盆地地质资料的补充和佐证,无疑具有其必然性和必要性。本文采用残留厚度和补偿厚度印模法及沉积地质综合方法恢复出陇东地区前侏罗纪古地貌形态,并首次做出其三维模拟还原图;依据已探明油藏空间分布,结合地貌形态、成藏条件等分析,总结出研究区古地貌油藏六种成藏模式。勘探实践证实,古地貌油藏受控因素多,古地貌形态特征仅仅是受控因素之一。     

古地貌恢复技术方法及其研究意义——以鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪沉积前古地貌研究为例

古地形地貌是控制一个盆地后期沉积相发育与分布的一个主要因素，同时在一定程度上控制着后期油藏的储盖组合，同现在地貌一样，古地貌形态受到了所处的区域构造位置、气候、基准面变化及构造运动等因素综合作用的影响，鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系发育在由印支运动主幕所造成的一三叠纪顶部不整合接触面上，早侏罗世沉积特点主要受控于沉积前古地形地貌，因此开展侏罗纪沉积前古地貌恢复工作及探讨古地貌对后期油气藏关系对于录找侏罗系油田具有重要的指导意义，作者主要是从沉积学角度出发，通过对鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪沉积前古地形地貌的恢复研究，进一步对古地貌恢复从方法上进行了研究，同时探讨了沉积前古地貌对后期油藏的控制作用。     

志丹油田侏罗纪沉积前古地貌特征与延10油藏分布

延安组延10油层组是鄂尔多斯盆地中生界重要的含油层段之一,通过对志丹油田侏罗系延安组沉积前岩相古地理分析,总结了影响志丹油田延安组延10油藏分布的古地理环境.侏罗纪中、下统富县-延10期的沉积是对前侏罗纪古地貌的填平补齐,在古陆、残丘与沟谷交错分布、起伏不平的地貌背景下,往往在古高地的斜坡带沉积形成楔状砂岩体,经后期的差异压实作用,极容易形成岩性-构造圈闭,有利于油气成藏.而且侏罗系延10油藏具有储层物性好,边底水活跃,有利于开发的特点.     

鄂尔多斯盆地定边-吴旗地区前侏罗纪古地貌与油藏

应用印模法恢复了鄂尔多斯盆地前侏罗纪古地貌形态。研究表明，区内古地貌格局由“三斜坡、三河谷、两河间丘和一梁”组成，即姬塬东斜坡、定边斜坡、靖边斜坡，宁陕河谷、蒙陕河谷、甘陕河谷，吴旗河间丘、金鼎河间丘和新安边梁。前侏罗纪古地貌控制着下侏罗统延安组早期沉积。延10段属河流相沉积环境，发育的沉积微相有主河道、支流河道、河漫滩、河漫沼泽。延9段沉积环境为三角洲到湖泊环境，沉积相主要由三角洲平原亚相、三角洲前缘亚相组成，沉积微相以分流河道、分流间洼地、水下分流河道和分流间湾为主。相同的古地貌单元、不同的沉积环境，必然造成储集砂体形态特征及分布规律的变化，进一步影响油藏的形成和分布。古地貌油藏的形成除受油源、圈闭等基本条件制约外，古地貌 沉积组合和油气运移通道也是形成不同类型古地貌油藏的重要条件。依据已探明油田的空间分布结合古地貌、上覆地层沉积环境、砂体展布、运移通道类型等多种因素归结出定边-吴旗地区古地貌油藏三种成藏模式，即斜坡区-三角洲平原组合成藏模式、河间丘区-三角洲前缘组合成藏模式和斜坡区-三角洲前缘组合成藏模式。     

鄂尔多斯盆地延安地区奥陶系风化壳古地貌恢复

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部延安地区奥陶系马家沟组顶部发育风化壳岩溶储层,因古地貌代表了地层沉积和成岩作用的背景,因而在储层的形成和演化过程中具有重要意义。在区域构造背景和地层展布的基础上,综合利用残余厚度法和印模法,并结合铝土岩厚度分布和古沟槽识别结果,准确恢复出延安地区奥陶系风化壳古地貌分布格局。结果显示,延安地区西南部表现为古岩溶高地,中部大部分地区表现为古岩溶斜坡,东部属岩溶斜坡与岩溶盆地之间的过渡带。古地貌格局和古沟槽的分布影响了储层的形成、发育和天然气的富集。延安地区岩溶古高地、靠近侵蚀古沟槽的斜坡位置含气性较好,可能与大气水淋滤等因素导致的储层发育程度、物性好坏、不整合面之上盖层的封盖性等因素有关。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部前侏罗纪古地貌对延安组下部油藏的控制作用

三叠纪末的印支运动使鄂尔多斯盆地整体抬升,上三叠统延长组顶部遭受到强烈风化及河流侵蚀等地质作用,形成水系广布、沟壑纵横、丘陵起伏的古地貌景观。通过对下侏罗统延安组延10油层组和富县组地层等厚图及延长组顶面起伏图的编绘,基本恢复了前侏罗纪古地貌形态,并将其划分为河谷、斜坡、阶地、高地、平原和潜丘6种古地貌单元。该种古地貌景观严格控制了下侏罗统富县组及延安组下部的沉积相类型、相带展布及压实披盖构造的形成。古河谷的下切作用不仅使延安组下部与油源层的接触距离缩短,又为油气运移提供了良好的通道,如遇到有利的储集体与背斜、鼻隆等构造,即可有机配置、富集成藏;同时地层水特征表明斜坡带保存条件最好。指出前侏罗纪古地貌斜坡带上的坡嘴、阶地及潜丘是勘探延安组下部油藏的有利地带。     

鄂尔多斯盆地吴旗油区早侏罗世古地貌特征与油气富集关系

沉积时期的古地形、古地貌是控制沉积相发育与分布的一个重要因素,其在一定程度上也控制着后期油气圈闭的类型与分布。通过补偿印模法恢复了吴旗油区前侏罗纪古地貌形态,确定局部构造特征,开展有利储集相带预测。研究区油藏分布主要受控于古地貌形态,深切延长组的古河谷是油气运移的主要通道,古地形高部位为油气运移的主要方向,古河谷附近的砂体为油气富集的有利场所,上覆的沼泽相泥岩形成了良好的岩性遮挡条件。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中生界石油地质条件、资源潜力及勘探方向

鄂尔多斯盆地中生界油气资源丰富,三叠系延长组和侏罗系延安组是主力含油层系。在鄂尔多斯盆地石油地质条件研究的基础上,提出沉积相、输导体系、异常压力和构造为中生界成藏的主要控制因素,建立了三叠系延长组大型岩性油藏模式和侏罗系古地貌控藏模式,并结合盆地勘探成果,精细评价了鄂尔多斯盆地石油地质资源量,预测了油气资源的空间分布。结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地石油地质资源量约为146.50×10~8 t,其中常规油资源量为116.50×10~8 t,致密油资源量为30.00×10~8 t;按层系分,三叠系石油资源量为137.20×10~8 t,侏罗系石油资源量为9.30×10~8 t。盆地剩余资源量为96.93×10~8 t,姬塬、陇东和志靖—安塞等地区,是长庆油田的规模储量区,仍然是未来勘探的主要区域。延长组长6、长8油层组和侏罗系是下一步勘探的重点层系;延长组下部的长9、长10油层组为新的目标层系;长7油层组致密油具有较大的勘探潜力。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861