1991年10月24日白光耀斑的高时间分辨率多波段光谱分析

本分析了南京大学太阳塔１９９１年１０月２４日用多波段光谱仪观测到的高时间分辨率（５ｓ）的一个２Ｎ／Ｘ２．１级白光耀斑光谱，对耀斑谱线轮廓，连续发射强度，Ｘ射线和射电爆发资料进行了综合对比，分析表明，该耀斑属Ｉ类白光耀斑，具有如下特征：（１）在白光耀斑的脉冲相期间，各波段光谱线心强度，连续辐射，谱线半宽以及线翼红不对称性与硬Ｘ射线高能波段的爆分同时达到极大；（２）Ｈα谱线在连续发射极大时半宽达１０     

1974年10月11日白光耀斑的光谱分析

１９７４年１０月１１日耀斑的光谱分析表明，连续发射和微波爆发几乎同时达到极大。在连续辐射极大时刻出现了高项巴耳末发射线和微弱的巴耳末跳跃，所有这些说明这个耀斑是Ｉ型白光耀斑。我们发现，在这个耀斑连续发射的极大时刻，ＣａＩＩＫ线的Ｋ１处强度大大增强，约达到连续辐射强度的一半，对应的辐射温度达到５７１６Ｋ。这个反常增强的持续时间小于４分钟。现有的半经验模型似不能给出这样的结果。色球压缩区也不能给出解释     

1974年9月10日白光耀斑研究

本文详细分析了１９７４年９月１０日白光耀斑的光谱资料，并利用Ｎｏｎ－ＬＴＥ理论计算了它的半经验大气模型和辐射损失。由光谱测量得到：（１）连续辐射强度在巴耳末系限（３６４７）附近发生跳跃。在极大时刻，巴耳末跳跃可达约１１％；（２）该耀斑有强而宽的巴耳末谱线发射，其高项巴耳末谱线轮廓的全半宽随主量子数ｎ而变化，在８＜ｎ＜９达到极小；（３）连续辐射极大时刻同微波爆发极大相一致，比Ｈａ耀斑极大时刻提前几分钟。这三个特征很可能是Ⅰ类白光耀斑的典型特征。     

1982年12月2日耀斑随时间变化的半经验模型

我们利用南京大学太阳塔中的多波段光谱仪,在H_α、H_β和CaⅡ H、K三个波段同时拍到了1982年12月2日日面S15W11处的一个SB级耀斑的光谱。本文给出其中七个时刻的谱线轮廓及有关参数的序列。在非局部热动平衡条件下计算了耀斑随时间变化的半经验模型,结果显示了色球耀斑的演化过程。利用模型得到了一些色球物质蒸发参数,结果同根据SMM的X射线观测所作的估计相一致。     

SMM观测到的白光耀斑

本文收集了ＳＭＭ运行期间（１９８０．２－１９８９．１１）与地面观测相对应的太阳白光耀斑ＨＸＲＢＳ和ＧＲＳ观测资料，就白光耀斑与硬Ｘ－射线发射及伽玛射线发射之产的关系进行了初步的统计研究，结果表明：白光耀斑与伽玛射线发射之间不存在对应关系；白光耀斑也并非全具有强硬Ｘ－射线发射，对那些只具有对较弱的硬Ｘ－射线发射的白光耀斑，我们发现低能粒子具有足够的能量驱动连续发射，因而它们可能起源于色球，而对那些具     

1993年10月2日耀斑的Hα,微波和硬X射线暴的综合分析

本文介绍1993年10月2日发生的一个1N／C6.5级耀斑多波段观测的结果．综合比较了耀斑的单色象，Hα波段工维光谱，2840兆赫微波爆发和硬X射线爆发资料．得到Hα单色象上不同亮核的强度变化，与微波及硬X射线暴的时间轮廓比较，给出了色球耀斑区亮度场的演化，对照磁图确定了耀斑区的磁场位形，从而对该耀斑产生和加热提出了一种可能的解释．     

1979年9月19日3B级耀斑光谱分析:金属线的不对称性和线心位移

本文研究了1979年9月19日3B级耀斑金属谱线的不对称性和线心位移.结果表明:强金属线红不对称占主要地位,少数弱金属线也有蓝不对称存在;不对称程度极大发生于线心强度极大之前;不对称性有时可由蓝变红;不管不对称程度如何,线心的位移却很小,总体上仅表现为极微弱的蓝移.文中认为,耀斑爆发时色球压缩区的向下扩展及由此引起的温度极小区上下的物质运动这个动力学过程可基本解释这些观测现象.金属线的研究是对H_α和CaIIK线光谱研究的补充.     

色球耀斑Hα谱线轮廓不对称性研究进展

综述了近年来太阳色球耀斑爆发时Hα谱线不对称性的研究进展,着重讨论了光谱特征和与其对应的不对称性产生机制,以及利用大气半经验模型再生观测谱线轮廓不对称性等方面,并提出尚待解决的主要问题和进一步的研究方向。     

耀斑谱线轮廓不对称性研究

耀斑谱线轮廓的不对称性是耀斑动力学过程的一个重要观测事实。本文在一定的耀斑半经验大气模型基础上,计算了不同速度模式和色球凝聚下的Ha和CaⅡK谱线轮廓,从半经验角度探讨了大气各个层次的速度对Hα和CaⅡK谱线轮廓的影响。结果表明:耀斑早期短时间的Hα蓝不对称性可由位于过渡区的色球凝聚引起;随后的红不对称性是上部色球物质向下运动的结果;而后来出现的CaⅡK不对称性特征则可由色球中、下部具有10—20km/s的向下速度来解释。     

色球耀斑Hα谱线轮廓不对称性研究

Hα谱线轮廓的不对称性是色球耀斑光谱观测中的重要特征,也是耀斑动力学过程的重要观测事实之一．以紫金山天文台太阳光谱仪的观测资料为依据,给出Hα谱线不对称性的典型轮廓．在考虑氢原子非热激发、电离的作用下,经验性地计算了不同大气模型下谱线的不对称性特征,并在此基础上,对观测谱线进行半经验的研究．结果表明, 色球区的向下运动能够产生Hα谱线的红、蓝不对称性,并可以再生具体耀斑的谱线不对称性特征．此外,不仅非热粒子的能流、谱指数大小以及速度场所处的高度对谱线轮廓有影响,耀斑大气的背景模型对谱线的轮廓也有一定的影响．     

A survey of orbits of co-orbitals of Mars

Many asteroids with a semimajor axis close to that of Mars have been discovered in the last several years. Potentially some of these could be in 1:1 resonance with Mars, much as are the classic Trojan asteroids with Jupiter, and its lesser-known horseshoe companions with Earth. In the 1990s, two Trojan companions of Mars, 5261 Eureka and 1998 VF₃₁, were discovered, librating about the L₅ Lagrange point, 60° behind Mars in its orbit. Although several other potential Mars Trojans have been identified, our orbital calculations show only one other known asteroid, 1999 UJ₇, to be a Trojan, associated with the L₄ Lagrange point, 60° ahead of Mars in its orbit. We further find that asteroid 36017 (1999 ND₄₃) is a horseshoe librator, alternating with periods of Trojan motion. This asteroid makes repeated close approaches to Earth and has a chaotic orbit whose behavior can be confidently predicted for less than 3000 years. We identify two objects, 2001 HW₁₅ and 2000 TG₂, within the resonant region capable of undergoing what we designate “circulation transition”, in which objects can pass between circulation outside the orbit of Mars and circulation inside it, or vice versa. The eccentricity of the orbit of Mars appears to play an important role in circulation transition and in horseshoe motion. Based on the orbits and on spectroscopic data, the Trojan asteroids of Mars may be primordial bodies, while some co-orbital bodies may be in a temporary state of motion.     

Equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars

Magnetars are the neutron stars with the highest magnetic fields up to 10¹⁵–10¹⁶ G. It has been proposed that they are also responsible for a variety of extra-galactic phenomena, ranging from giant flares in nearby galaxies to fast radio bursts. Utilizing a relativistic mean field model and a variable magnetic field configuration, we investigate the effects of strong magnetic fields on the equation of state and anisotropy of pressure of magnetars. It is found that the mass and radius of low-mass magnetars are weakly enhanced under the action of the strong magnetic field, and the anisotropy of pressure can be ignored. Unlike other previous investigations, the magnetic field is unable to violate the mass limit of the neutron stars.     

Estimation of the Time Scale of Merging of the Components of Contact Binaries of the W UMa Type

Time scales of the transition from contact binary systems of the W UMa type to single stars of the blue straggler type are estimated. A model of one-way mass transfer from the primary component to the companion inside a common envelope (Eggen et al.) and a model of a contact binary lying on the zero-age main sequence with a companion that is losing mass (F. van't Veer) are used to calculate these scales. The merging times of components were calculated for 304 contact systems of the W UMa type from the Catalog of Approximate Photometric and Absolute Elements of Eclipsing Variable Stars on a scale of loss of mass and orbital angular momentum due to magnetic braking, under the assumption of synchronization of the axial rotation and orbital revolution. On the basis of the resulting statistics, the characteristic merging scales are 0.4-0.6 and 0.5-0.7 Gyr, respectively, for the above two models. The results of a comparison with the work of other authors are discussed.     

淮河洪水的可公度性分析

分析了上两个世纪发生在淮河的洪水事件的可公度性，根据其可公度值及其黄金分割点指出1991年与2003年淮河洪水的不可避免，最后讨论了可公度性的局限及淮河洪水可公度值的可能机制。     

Modeling of lightcurves of binary asteroids

We present a numerical method for inverting long-period components of lightcurves of asynchronous binary asteroids. Data of five near-Earth binary asteroids, (175706) 1996 FG₃, (65803) Didymos, (66391) 1999 KW₄, (185851) 2000 DP₁₀₇ and (66063) 1998 RO₁, for two of them from more than one apparition, were inverted. Their mutual orbits' poles and Keplerian elements, size ratios, and ellipsoidal shape axial ratios were estimated via this inversion. The pole solutions and size ratios for 1999 KW₄ and 2000 DP₁₀₇ are in a good agreement with independent estimates from radar measurements. We show that uncertainties of estimates of bulk densities of binary systems can be large, especially when observed on short arcs.     

Influence of Neutron Star Parameters on Evolutions of Different Types of Pulsar

Influences of the mass, moment of inertia, rotation, absence of stability in the atmosphere and some other parameters of neutron stars on the evolution of pulsars are examined. It is shown that the locations and evolutions of soft gamma repeaters, anomalous X-ray pulsars and other types of pulsar on the period versus period derivative diagram can be explained adopting values of B < 10¹⁴ G for these objects if they have smaller mass (e.g. about 0.5 Solar mass) compared to the conventionally adopted values of mass. This approach gives the possibility to explain many properties of different types of pulsar.     

Investigation of Times of Minima of Selected Early-Type Eclipsing Binaries

New precise times of minimum light for several early-type eclipsing binaries were obtained at three observatories. The changes of period of the following measured binaries are discussed: V1182 Aql, LY Aur, SZ Cam, FZ CMa, QZ Car, LZ Cen, V606 Cen, AH Cep and TU~Mus.     

Flattening of galaxies of different morphological types in subclusters of Coma

This paper deals with the observed variation in the flattening of galaxies with the density of galaxies in the subclusters of Coma surrounding NGC 4889, NGC 4874, and NGC 4839 based on data from the Abastumani Combined Catalog of Galaxies. The mean values of the observed ratios of the diameters of the galaxies, as well as histograms of their distributions, indicate that in the central, dense regions of the subclusters within a volume of 0.5h ₇₅ ⁻¹ Mpc³, E and S0 type galaxies are close to spheroidal. A significant reduction in the mean values of the diameters of the galaxies in the subclusters is noted, regardless of their morphology relative to the galaxies in the halo of the Coma cluster. In the subclusters, spiral galaxies are found with a hydrogen deficit that is more than 5 times the hydrogen deficit in spirals within the halo of the cluster. According to their 3-D coordinates, most of the galaxies with a hydrogen deficit are located closer to the south-east edge of the subcluster surrounding NGC 4874 near an extended gas filament in the x-ray region. This may indicate that the subcluster is moving toward a central condensation of faint galaxies in the Coma cluster and a possible merger with it. __________ Translated from Astrofizika, Vol. 50, No. 3, pp. 355–368 (August 2007).     

On the application of optimization methods to the determination of members of families of periodic solutions

The techniques used for the numerical computation of families of periodic orbits of dynamical systems rely on predictor-corrector algorithms. These algorithms usually depend on the solution of systems of approximate equations constructed from the periodicity conditions of these orbits. In this contribution we transform the root finding procedure to an optimization one which is applied on an objective function based on the exact periodicity conditions. Thus, the determination of periodic solutions and families of such orbits can be accomplished through unconstrained optimization. In this paper we apply and compare some well-known minimization methods for the solution of this problem. The obtained results are promising. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.