Stocks and dynamics of particulate and dissolved organic matter in a large,shallow eutrophic lake(Taihu,China) with dense cyanobacterial blooms

Cyanobacterial blooms occur in eutrophic lakes worldwide, and greatly impair these ecosystems. To explore influences of cyanobacterial blooms on dynamics of both particulate organic matter(POM) and dissolved organic matter(DOM), which are at the base of the food chain, an investigation was conducted from December 2014 to November 2015 that included various stages of the seasonal cyanobacterial blooms(dominated by M icrocystis) in a large-shallow eutrophic Chinese lake(Taihu Lake). Data from eight sites of the lake are compiled into a representative seasonal cycle to assess general patterns of POM and DOM dynamics. Compared to December, 5-fold and 3.5-fold increases were observed in July for particulate organic carbon(POC, 3.05–15.37 mg/L) and dissolved organic carbon(DOC, 5.48–19.25 mg/L), respectively, with chlorophyll a(Chl a) concentrations varying from 8.2 to 97.7 μg/L. Approximately 40% to 76% of total organic carbon was partitioned into DOC. All C, N, and P in POM and DOC were significantly correlated with Chl a. POC:Chl a ratios were low, whereas proportions of the estimated phytoplankton-derived organic matter in total POM were high during bloom seasons. These results suggested that contributions of cyanobacterial blooms to POM and DOC varied seasonally. Seasonal average C:P ratios in POM and DOM varied from 79 to 187 and 299 to 2 175, respectively. Both peaked in July and then sharply decreased. Redundancy analysis revealed that Chl a explained most of the variations of C:N:P ratios in POM, whereas temperature was the most explanatory factor for DOM. These findings suggest that dense cyanobacterial blooms caused both C-rich POM and DOM, thereby providing clues for understanding their influence on ecosystems.     

黄陵背斜东南缘埃迪卡拉系碳稳定同位素组成特征及有机质发育关系讨论

通过在黄陵背斜东南缘部署实施的一口页岩气调查井(EYD5),获取了埃迪卡拉系碳同位素参数和相关有机碳数据,建立了该区埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组-灯影组蛤蟆井段碳同位素曲线,在陡山沱组识别出4次负漂移,2次正漂移区间,在灯影组蛤蟆井段识别出1次负漂移,1次正漂移区间,并可在区域范围内有效对比。探讨了该区陡山沱组四段至灯影组蛤蟆井段在区域上的对比标志,明确了该区陡山沱组碳同位素异常与有机碳含量无相关性,碳同位素的正、负漂移区间均可发育富有机质层段,持续的δ13C负值区间对应富有机质页岩层段发育。      

Chemical characterization and composition of dissolved organic matter in Jiaozhou Bay

Biologically utilizable dissolved organic compounds, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved carbohydrates (DCHO) and dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) were analyzed in filtered surface seawater samples collected at 19 stations in Jiaozhou Bay, China, on June 3, 2007. In these samples, concentrations of DOC, dissolved free carbohydrates (DFCHO), dissolved combined carbohydrates (DCCHO), total dissolved carbohydrates (TDCHO) and total dissolved free amino acids (TDFAA) ranged from 141.7 to 191.1 μmol C/L, 1.98 to 18.18 μmol C/L, 5.04 to 24.90 μmol C/L, 14.52 to 30.36 μmol C/L, and 1.83 to 11.89 μmol C/L, respectively. As a major component of the dissolved carbohydrates, the concentrations of DCCHO were about three times higher than those of DFCHO. Three major constituents of the DFAA were threonine (23.0±5.7 mol%), glutamic acid (16.6±3.2 mol%) and arginine (9.1±3.3 mol%). Based on the composition of DFAA, a molar C:N ratio of 3.60±0.75 in DFAA was derived, indicating longer carbon chains in the amino acids. DCCHO (8.1%) was the most abundant fraction of DOM in most samples, followed by DFCHO (4.8%) and TDFAA (2.7%). These DOM concentrations displayed a decreasing trend from the coast to the central region. Significant correlations were found between the DCCHO and DFCHO concentrations (r=-0.724, n=19, P<0.001) and the DCCHO and TDCHO concentrations (r=0.506, n=19, P=0.027).     

湖南锡矿山锑矿区水环境中DOM三维荧光特征及其对锑污染的指示意义

溶解性有机质(dissolved organic matter, 简称DOM)是影响锑迁移转化的重要因素之一。湖南锡矿山锑矿是世界最大的锑矿, 水环境中锑污染情况严重。为查明锡矿山矿区水环境中DOM特征及其影响, 对锡矿山水环境样品进行三维荧光分析, 利用平行因子法提取水环境中天然有机组分, 分析荧光特征, 探究各组分之间与锑的相关关系。分析表明, 矿区水体环境中DOM以低腐殖化、陆源与微生物源混合来源为特点, 多数水样以陆源有机物为主。锡矿山锑矿区水体中包括了3种不同的组分: C1组分为陆源类腐殖质, C2组分为醌类腐殖质, C3组分为类蛋白质(酪氨酸); 水环境中C1组分相对含量最高, 地表水中C3组分相对含量高于地下水。研究认为, 存在以下途径影响地下水环境中锑的释放: ①类蛋白质组分与锑的络合促进锑的溶解释放; ②腐殖质组分与锑的直接络合。低锑地表水中天然有机组分相对含量受稀释作用的影响, 高锑地表水中天然有机组分相对含量对锑的来源有一定的指示作用。      

Seasonal changes of dissolved and particulate organic carbon in Donghu Lake, China

Concentrations of dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC) were documented in 1996–1997 at 4 different trophic state stations in Donghu Lake, a typical shallow eutrophic lake along the Changjiang River's middle reaches. The mean concentrations of DOC were 15.11±3.26, 15.19±4.24, 14.27±3.43, and 13.31±3.30 mg/L in Station I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The DOC concentrations of the studied area were very similar to that in other lakes along the Changjiang River's middle reaches. The POC mean of the whole lake was 5.01 mg/L due to the large amount of organic detritus of both allochthonous and autochthonous origin. Significant linear relationship was found between POC and chlorophyll a at all 4 stations, which presumably reflect that phytoplankton, its exudates and its metabolic products were the main contributors to the POC pool in the water column. The slope of such linear relationship at Station IV was significantly steeper than that at Station I, II and III. In addition, the DOC/POC ratios (mean value: 4.40) indicated that the organic detritus was the most important component of the particulate organic matter; in other works, next to organic detritus, phytoplankton dominated the particulate organic matter in Donghu Lake. Project 39770146, 39430101 supported by NSFC and the State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, affiliated to the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.     

Paleoclimatic Change Inferred from Carbon Isotope Composition of Organic Matter in Sediments of Dabusu Lake, Jilin Province, China

Study on the organic compounds and stable isotope composition of a sediment section in Dabusu Lake revealed that the organic materials in the sediments came mainly from terrestrial plants brought into the lake by rtmoff.The δ^13 C of the organic materials had high values during warm-dry climatic stages and decreased in cold-wet stages.Analysis of data on carbonate content and ^14C age showed that the lake basin had experienced several wet-cold and warm-dry climatic cycles since 15000 a BP. Since 6700 a BP, the climate reached a relatively stable warm-dry stage,so that the lake water was gradually condensed and finally a saline lake was formed.     

Bacterial community succession in response to dissolved organic matter released from live jellyfish

Jellyfish blooms have increased worldwide,and the outbreaks of jellyfish population not only affect the food web structures via voracious predation but also play an important role in the dynamics of nutrients and oxygen in planktonic food webs.However,it remains unclear whether specific carbon compounds released through j ellyfish metabolic processes have the potential to shape bacterial community composition.Therefore,in this study,we aimed to investigate the compositional succession of the bacterioplankton community in response to the dissolved organic matter(DOM)released by the live Scyphomedusae Cyanea lamarcki'i and Chrysaora hysoscella collected from Helgoland Roads of the North Sea.The bacterial community was significantly stimulated by the DOM released form live jellyfish and different dominant phylotypes were observed for these two Scyphomedusae species.Furthermore,the bacterial community structures in the different DOM sources,jellyfish-incubated media,Kabeltonne seawater,and artificial seawater(DOM-free)were significantly different,as revealed by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analy sis fingerprints.Catalyzed reporter depo sition fluorescence in situ hybridization(CARD-FISH)revealed a rapid species-specific shift in bacterial community composition.Gammaproteobacteria dominated the community instead of the Bacteroidetes community for C.lamarckii,whereas Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated the community for C.hysoscella.The significant differences in the bacterial community composition and succession indicate that the components of the DOM released by jellyfish might differ with jellyfish species.     

湖北地区现今GPS形变特征研究

选取中国地壳运动监测网络1998～2018年GPS观测数据,基于插值法计算湖北地区的形变和应变特征。初步研究结果表明,湖北地区地块运动稳定,无明显的形变梯度带,水平运动方向为东向微偏南,速率为5～9 mm/a,平均值为6.2 mm/a;垂直速度场平均值为-0.96 mm/a,以下降运动为主。面膨胀率结果显示,湖北地区具有4个面膨胀高值区和4个面挤压高值区。最大剪应变率场显示,在湖北中部地区形成一个高值环形带,湖北历史地震主要发生在应力应变高值区边缘带。巴东和秭归小震频发与长江三峡水库水位反复加卸载有关,GPS形变和应变无明显对应特征。     

Recent sedimentation and suspended matter in Erhai Lake, Yunnan Province, China

INTR0DUCnONErhailake,thesecondlargestlakeintheYUnnanPlateauinS0uthWstChina,islo-catedinDaliDefecthe25035'to25"58'N,looo05't0l(X)o07'E(Fig.l)-The40kInlong3-9kInwidelakeisnaInedafteritsearlikeshape.ItsbasicchimteristicsaregiveninTablel.EtheibeeisampicalriftlakeintheDalibasinwhichdeveloPedalongtheYuaniangHongheThewestsideofthebasinisformedbytheDiancangMountainwhichconsists0frock(PrecaInbrianschistandgneissandMiocenemetaInrphiclimestone).TheseisndcallystillactivemoUntainrangrisab0ut…     

Temporal and spatial variability of dissolved organic carbon concentration in the Xijiang River, South China

A whole year analysis of riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the Xijiang River (XJR), South China, showed that the mean riverine DOC concentration (1.24 mg L-1) in the XJR was notably lower than the averaged value (5.75 mg L-1) of the global riverine DOC concentration in several major rivers. There is an inconspicuous monthly fluctuation of the DOC signal in the XJR, but on a semi-yearly time scale, however, the riverine DOC concentration had significant difference between hydrological...     

鄂东南付家山矽卡岩型(Cu-)W矿床成岩成矿时代及地质意义

付家山（Cu-）W矿床是鄂东南地区新近发现的大型矽卡岩型矿床之一,成矿与花岗闪长斑岩关系密切。为了精确获得该矿床成岩成矿年龄,利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年法对其进行了系统的成岩成矿年代学研究,并基于长江中下游成矿带晚中生代沉积地层及构造变形、地球物理和岩石地球化学等证据探讨了其成岩成矿构造背景。结果显示:花岗闪长斑岩锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为（144±3）Ma,而辉钼矿Re-Os模式年龄为（146±2）Ma,成岩与成矿作用均形成于晚侏罗世-早白垩世。付家山（Cu-）W矿床形成时代与长江中下游地区大规模岩浆成矿事件时间一致,包括鄂东南地区在内的长江中下游地区的构造演化历史及最新的年代学数据表明,付家山（Cu-）W矿床极有可能形成于岩石圈伸展减薄构造背景。付家山等晚侏罗世-早白垩世矽卡岩型（Cu-）W矿床的发现及厘定指示了鄂东南矿集区具有良好的钨矿找矿前景。      

Soil pH and dissolved organic carbon shape microbial communities in wetlands with two different vegetation types in Changdu area,Tibet

Soil microorganisms play pivotal roles in element biogeochemical cycling and ecological functions in wetland ecosystem, which may affect global climate change. Variations in biotic and abiotic factors are known to affect soil microbial diversity,community structure and the corresponding functions. However, the relative importance of these biotic and abiotic factors on wetland soil microbial diversity and community structure on the QinghaiTibet Plateau remains poorly understood. In this study, we...     

鄂西白果园银钒矿床地球化学特征与成矿作用

鄂西白果园银钒矿是典型的黑色岩系矿床。地球化学研究表明:矿化主要见于震旦系陡山沱组第4段下部黑色页岩
中,银钒矿化具有较强正相关性;岩(矿)石的常量元素及氧化物分析结果表明,黑色岩系沉积环境处于大陆边缘,物源主要来自于
陆源;稀土元素具有明显的Eu和Ce的负异常,分配模式及相关元素特征显示成岩成矿过程中以正常海水沉积作用为主,有轻微
的海相热水沉积参与;微量元素特征同样指示成岩成矿的主要物质来自于陆源,但也有热水沉积的显示。综合研究认为白果园银
钒矿为较典型的低温热水沉积成岩成矿的黑色页岩型矿床;最主要的成矿作用是沉积成岩作用,最有利的成矿部位是沉积古地理
环境大陆边缘附近的浅海陆棚泻湖环境,成矿是在较为缺氧还原的条件下发生的,海相热水的参与以及生物(有机质)作用对矿化
富集起到了重要作用。      

Abundance and production ofBranchiura sowerbyi (Oligochaeta: Tubificidae) in two typical shallow lakes (Hubei, China)

An April 1996 to March 1997 comparative study on the abundance and secondary production ofBranchiura sowerbyi Beddard, 1892 in two typical shallow lakes showed that in Houhu, an algae-dominated lake, the worm density (68 ind·m⁻²) peaked in July, biomass (1.930 g·m⁻²) peaked in June, while in Biandantang, a macrophyte-dominated lake, standing stock (density: 60 ind·m⁻²; biomass: 1.019 g·m⁻² in wet weight) peaked in December. Secondary production of the animal in Houhu Lake was 3.413 g wet wt m⁻² a⁻¹, a little more than that (2.675 g wet wt m⁻² a⁻¹) in Biandantang Lake. Their turnover rates (P/B ratios) were 4.0 and 5.0, respectively. Project (39600019 and 39430101) supported by NSFC.     

Restoration in northern Lake Gehu,a eutrophic lake in China

Lake Gehu is a severely eutrophic lake in southeast China. A series of restoration measures have been implemented since 2009 in northern Lake Gehu. This study compared aquatic plants, water quality, sediment, and phytoplankton between restoration and control areas to investigate the ef fect of restoration measures. The results demonstrated that aquatic macrophyte coverage increased from 0% to 10.6%; mean TP, TN, and CODM n concentrations decreased by 50.0%, 42.4%, and 40.8%, respectively, compared with those before the measures were carried out; the mean Secchi depth(SD) increased to 42.5 cm, which is 1.4 times higher than that before restoration; the mean euphotic depth(Z eu) in the summer increased from 91 to 130 cm; the mean chl a concentration decreased from 34.8 to 20.2 μg/L, compared with that before restoration; the Shannon-Wiener index of phytoplankton increased by 28.7%. The mean TP and TN concentrations in sediments decreased by 63.8% and 52.4%, respectively, compared with that before dredging. These results indicate that the restoration in northern Lake Gehu was ef fective. To complete the transformation from an algae-to a macrophyte-stable state within the region, further measures must be adopted. This restoration of a eutrophic lake can serve as a reference for similar eutrophic lakes.     

湖北神农架地区南华系大塘坡组元素地球化学特征

湖北神农架地区南华系大塘坡组属于间冰期沉积,目前对其沉积地层及古环境等方面的认识有限。在神农架地区南华系大塘坡组野外调查的基础上,利用元素地球化学分析测试资料,系统研究了该地区大塘坡组古环境特征及其对油气勘探的意义。CaO/(CaO+Fe)、Sr/Ba、Rb/K、K/Na值表明神农架地区大塘坡组沉积水体盐度整体为中—低盐度,其中大九湖剖面沉积水体盐度比宋洛剖面沉积水体高。氧化-还原性敏感元素相关参数V/(V+Ni)、Ni/Co、Ce_anom值研究表明,神农架地区南华系大塘坡组沉积于弱氧化—弱还原水体。CIA、ICV、Sr/Cu、Sr/Ba、Rb/Sr、Mg/Ca值和Sr含量等研究表明,神农架地区大塘坡组沉积期属于温暖湿润气候环境。总有机碳(TOC)、古生物资料以及Cu和Ba含量综合分析表明神农架地区大塘坡组沉积期温暖湿润气候以及合适的水体条件,为藻类的大量繁殖提供了优越的环境,并为大塘坡组优质烃源岩的发育提供了充足的有机质来源。     

Outburst risk of barrier lakes in Sichuan,China

34 barrier lakes induced by earthquake have been formed by wedged debris on the river channels after a massive earthquake happening on May 12 in Sichuan, China. Among them, the Tangjiashan Barrier Lake is the largest one. It faces very urgent risk of dam breaking when water level reaches the top and begins overflow in case of storm rainfalls and continually aftershocks, threatening already devastated cities and villages with about 1.5 million people downstream. The outburst of a similar barrier lake occurred in the Minjiang River in 1933, causing a catastrophic flood. Risk analysis indicates that not all barrier lakes are highly dangerous. Only those lakes with very high dams and water to be filled up in short period need to be dealt with immediately.     

Changes of soil labile organic carbon in different land uses in Sanjiang Plain,Heilongjiang Province

In the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China,the natural wetland is undergoing a rapid conversion into agricultural land,which has resulted in drastic ecological changes in the region. To investigate the effects of different land uses on soil labile organic carbon,soils of Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland,Carex lasiocarpa wetland,dry farmland,paddy field,forest land and abandoned cultivated land were collected for measuring the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC),dissolved organic carbon (DOC),readil...     

Salt lakes and their origins in Xinjiang,China

This paper, based on field data and experimental results, gives an analysis and summary of the types and salt-forming characteristics of salt lakes in Xinjiang, and the distribution and chemical compositions of their brines and groups of salt minerals. The evolution and substance origins of the salt lakes and their salt-forming regularities as seen from analyses of their paleogeographic environment and geological tectonics are also reported. This paper will serve as a reference for further investigation of the Xinjiang salt lakes, and as a guide for fuller utilization of their resources. This paper was published in Chinese inOcean. Limn. Sinica 15(2):168–178, 1984.     

Seasonal and spatial variations in rare earth elements and yttrium of dissolved load in the middle,lower reaches and estuary of the Minjiang River,southeastern China

A bstract With the aim of elucidating the spatial and seasonal behaviors of rare earth elements(REEs), we investigated the dissolved REE concentrations of surface water collected during four seasons from middle, lower reaches and estuary of the Minjiang River, southeastern China. The results display that the REE abundances in Minjiang River, ranging from 3.3–785.9 ng/L, were higher than those of many of the major global rivers. The total REE concentrations(∑REE) were seasonally variable, averaging in 5 937.30, 863.79, 825.65 and 1 065.75 ng/L during second highest flow(SHF), normal flow(NF), low flow(LF) and high flow(HF) season, respectively. The R_(( L/M)) and R_((H/M)) ratios reveal the spatial and temporal variations of REE patterns, and particularly vary apparently in the maximum turbidity zone and estuary. REE patterns of dissolved loads are characterized by progressing weaker LREEs-enrichment and stronger HREEsenrichment downstream from middle reaches to estuary during all four seasons. Comparing with NF and LF seasons, in which REE patterns are relatively flat, samples of SHF season have more LREE-enriched and HREE-depleted patterns that close to parent rocks, while samples of HF season are more LREEs-depleted and HREE-enriched. REE fractionations from the middle to lower reaches are stronger in the SHF and HF seasons than those in NF and LF seasons. Generally, spatial and seasonal variations in REE abundance and pattern are presumably due to several factors, such as chemical weathering, mixture with rainfall and groundwater, estuarine mixing, runoff, biological production and mountain river characters, such as strong hydrodynamic forces and steep slopes. The highest Gd/Gd* always occurs at north ports during all four seasons, where most of the large hospitals are located. This suggests Gd anomalies are depended on the density of modern medical facilities. Y/Ho ratios fl uctuate and positively correlate to salinity in estuary, probably because of the geochemical behavior differences between Y and Ho.