鱼类细胞培养及其应用

水生动物的细胞培养晚于陆生动物 ,其中 (包括水生无脊椎动物和水生脊椎动物 ) ,水生无脊椎动物的细胞培养主要是甲壳类 (如对虾、螯虾、龙虾、蟹和鲎 )、贝类 (如牡蛎、珍珠贝和蛤 )和海绵的体外培养。水生无脊椎动物的细胞培养比较困难 ,原代培养细胞不能形成单层 ,或即使形成单层 ,但细胞不分裂 ,难以进行传代。因而 ,至今没有得到水生无脊椎动物的连续性细胞系。水生无脊椎动物的细胞培养不仅在甲壳类和贝类的病毒分离、检测和疫苗制备方面有很大的应用价值 ,而且还可能用来生产天然产物比如药物。已经发现不少海洋无脊椎动物 (如海绵、…     

贝类组织培养及其应用研究

RESEARCHONTISSUECULTUREOFSHELLFISHANDITSAPPLICATION组织培养是生物工程领域的重要手段之一,细胞培养技术广泛应用于染色体分析、细胞代谢、癌变机制、病毒的分离和鉴定及药物筛选等研究领域。目前,在脊椎动物的细胞培养方面已积累了大量的研究成果,并建立了多种细胞株系。而在无脊椎动物的细胞培养方面,自Grace1982年从鳞翅目昆虫Antheraeaeucalypti建立细胞株以来,昆虫组织的细胞培养技术也已发展得相当成熟。但是在海洋无脊椎动物的组织培养方面,对虾细胞的建系问题至今仍是全世界所面临的挑战性课题,虽…     

海洋无脊椎动物金属硫蛋白研究进展

金属硫蛋白(metallothionein,MT)在海洋无脊椎动物中广泛存在,对多种重金属具高亲和性,在生物体内重金属解毒、必需金属离子调控和体内自由基清除等方面具有重要作用。综述了近几十年来海洋无脊椎动物金属硫蛋白的研究进展,着重介绍了软体动物(Mollusca)、节肢动物(Arthropoda)以及棘皮动物(Echinodermata)金属硫蛋白的研究现状,分析了无脊椎动物金属硫蛋白的特点,对海洋无脊椎动物金属硫蛋白的研究进行了总结。近年来,海洋无脊椎动物金属硫蛋白的研究热点主要集中在金属硫蛋白不同组织定位及蛋白序列多态性对其功能的影响、异构体在动物体内发挥的不同作用等。我国近海的重金属污染日益严峻,金属硫蛋白在重金属生物毒理效应等方面发挥重要作用,海洋无脊椎动物金属硫蛋白在生态毒理领域的研究日趋受到重视,对海洋无脊椎动物金属硫蛋白的研究亟待加强。     

中国海洋无脊椎动物分类学与系统演化研究进展与展望

综述了我国海域无脊椎动物的分类学和系统演化研究的历史和概况,以及我国分类系统学工作者在海洋无脊椎动物分类学、区系与动物地理学、系统发育与分子系统学领域的主要工作,重点介绍了中国科学院海洋研究所的海洋无脊椎动物分类学工作。涉及类群包括原生动物、海绵动物、刺胞动物、线虫、多毛类环节动物、星虫、螠虫、软体动物、节肢动物、苔藓动物、毛颚动物、棘皮动物、半索动物等主要的无脊椎动物门类。涉及海域以我国管辖海域,特别是中国近海为主,也涉及了西太平洋、西南印度洋等深海环境的无脊椎动物类群的分类学报道。本文总结过去,展望未来,对于在我国在海洋无脊椎动物分类与系统演化研究领域成就基础上,发现薄弱环节,研讨今后本学科的发展方向,填补研究空白,赶超本领域国际前沿,都有重要借鉴意义。     

海洋无脊椎动物酚氧化酶的研究进展

海洋无脊椎动物缺乏真正意义上的抗体,没有免疫记忆,只能靠非特异性免疫系统防御和抵抗病原体的感染.酚氧化酶原激活系统是海洋无脊椎动物非特异性免疫系统中至关重要的一员,而酚氧化酶作为该系统末端的一种含铜金属酶,则通过催化黑化反应在海洋无脊椎动物非特异性免疫防御中发挥了关键的作用.本文结合作者已有的研究成果并综合本领域的大量参考文献对酚氧化酶原激活系统和酚氧化酶的免疫学功能、激活机制、生化性质与酶性质以及基因与分子结构等方面的研究进展进行综述.     

你真的知道它们是什么吗?——带你走进棘皮动物的海洋世界

根据传统分类,人们将众多海洋生物主要分为两类:脊椎动物(背部有一列骨骼)和无脊椎动物。至少97%的海洋动物都是无脊椎动物,主要的无脊椎海洋生物都是海洋特有的代表物种。下文要介绍的海星、海胆、海参和一些其他形态的海洋生物组成了其中的棘皮类动物门。     

人工诱导物影响海洋无脊椎动物幼体附着变态的研究

许多海洋无脊椎动物在变成附着成体之前,有一个浮游幼体阶段。幼体的浮游生活短则几分钟。长达数月。一般来说,海洋无脊椎动物幼体的附着变态主要由外界环境因子和内源性因子控制,特别是外界环境因子对许多海洋无脊椎动物的幼体附着和变态起着极为重要的作用。     

延迟变态对海洋无脊椎动物生长发育的影响

许多海洋无脊椎动物 ,如贝类、棘皮动物、藤壶、多毛类和苔藓虫等在发育过程中都不同程度存在延迟变态（Ｄｅｌａｙｅｄｍｅｔａｍｏｒｐｈｏｓｉｓ）现象。所谓延迟变态 ,是指当幼虫具有附着变态能力后 ,能够保持一定时间的附着变态能力。对于不同海洋无脊椎动物 ,延迟变态时间短则１ｄ甚至几小时 ,长则可达上百天。本文重点对海洋无脊椎动物延迟变态形成的原因和延迟变态对海洋无脊椎动物生长发育的影响进行了综述 ,并对如何防止延迟变态的发生提出了自己的意见和建议。１延迟变态形成的原因１．１空间原因延迟变态在一定程度上是海洋无脊…     

海洋无脊椎动物幼虫附着变态研究进展 Ⅰ.影响因子

ADVANCEMENTSINRESEARCHONSETTLEMENTANDMETAMORPHOSISOFMARINEINVERTEBRATELARVAEⅠ．FACTORS当前,附着变态的研究可分为生态水平、生理水平和分子水平。生物因子和非生物因子在不同的时间和空间尺度上影响着海洋无脊椎动物幼虫的附着变态。将这3个水平有机地结合起来对于阐明这些因子在不同水平和不同时间对许多海洋无脊椎动物幼虫的附着或（和）募集补充的模式有重要作用。1影响海洋无脊椎动物幼虫附着变态的因子许多研究表明,海洋无脊椎动物幼虫的附着变态是在一定因子的诱导下完成的,有时附着和…     

海洋无脊椎动物抗氧化酶研究进展

海洋无脊椎动物是重要的经济水产生物和海洋生态系统的主要组成者。抗氧化酶系统在其环境适应性以及非特异性免疫中发挥着重要作用。本文从海洋无脊椎动物主要抗氧化酶类的种类、结构、环境适应性、酶学、基因和蛋白研究等几个方面进行综述并对今后海洋无脊椎动物抗氧化酶的相关研究提出展望。     

Marine invertebrate cell culture: a decade of development

Since the 1970s, much work has been devoted to the development of marine invertebrate cell culture. Despite this effort there are still no established cell lines. During the last decade, more than 40 papers on primary cell culture have been published. The phyla primarily studied are porifera, cnidaria, crustacea, mollusca, echinodermata, urochordata, and cephalochordata. A variety of methods have been investigated to improve culture conditions and prolong the lifespan of cells, including use of different pretreatments, culture media, temperature, pH, and additives; genetic modification has also been investigated. In this paper we review the vast majority of work published on marine invertebrate cell culture in the last decade (2002–2012) and emphasize new trends in biotechnological applications of cell culture.     

中国古代海洋动物史研究

我国古代海洋动物史分为先秦、秦汉魏晋、隋唐至 明清等三个时期。论述了各历史时期海洋动物的研究成就,包括对海洋动物的种类记述、命 名缘起、归类沿革、生态习性、开发利用和资源保护等。综述并评价了各历史时期,对我国 海洋动物研究有贡献的人物及其论著。     

面向21世纪海洋生物资源的开发趋势

目前美日等发达国家很重视开发利用海洋生物资源,主要集中海洋渔业、海洋养殖业、海藻人工培育以及海藻产业和海洋生物技术研究开发,其中海藻和海洋生物技术及其产业化在整个海洋生物资源中占有重要地位,它的发展必将带进21世纪,将会产生更大的经济效益和社会效益。     

Initiation of two ovarian cell lines from Fugu rubripes (Temminck et. Schlegel)

The ovary is an excellent system for studying stem cell renewal and differentiation, which is under the control of ovarian somatic cells. In order to understand oogenesis in Fugu rubripes (Temminck et. Schlegel) as a marine fish model of aquaculture importance, we established cell lines called TSOC1 and TSOC2 from a juvenile ovary of this organism. TSOC1 is composed of spindle epithelial-like cells, while the other is cobblestone-like cells. Therefore, TSOC1 and TSOC2 appear to consist of ovarian somatic cells. Growth requirement condition was investigated including temperature, concentration of FBS and pH. Significant fluorescent signals were observed after TSOC1 and TSOC2 cells were transfected with pEGFP-N3 vector, indicating its potential utility for genetic manipulation such as gene function studies. It is shown that these cell lines are effective for infection by the turbot reddish body iridovirus and flounder lymphosystis disease virus as evidenced by the appearance of cytopathic effect and virus propagation in the virus-infected cells, and most convincingly, the observation of viral particles by electron microscopy, demonstrating that TSOC1 and TSOC2 are suitable to study interactions between virus and host cells. It is believed that TSOC1 and TSOC2 will be useful tools to study sex-related events and interactions between primordial germ cells and oogonia cells during oogenesis. Therefore, establishment of ovary cell lines from Fugu rubripes seems to be significant for those research areas.     

POST–the Pacific Ocean salmon tracking project

For most of history, the ocean has remained nearly opaque to study, and it has been difficult to understand where salmon or other marine animals go or how they use the ocean. This greatly limits the ability of oceanographers and fisheries biologists to improve the management of many marine resources. The technical and scientific basis now exists to track the ocean movements of individual marine fish for months or years at a time. In this article, we review how new technologies might be applied to salmon in particular. Our conclusion is that animals as small as juvenile Pacific salmon can be followed for months to years at sea, and thus over great distances. By identifying the migration pathways for individual salmon and specific populations of Pacific salmon, we can establish their ocean foraging grounds. We outline the approaches and initial results from the Census of Marine Life program pacific ocean salmon tracking (POST). The research program involves two distinct aspects: (1) the development of an acoustic array for tracking the movements of Pacific salmon during their shelf-resident phase of the life history and (2) the use of archival (data storage) tags to measure aspects of their local environment and to delineate their open ocean migration pathways off the shelf. We report on some of the preliminary findings from the first year of the field project using acoustic tags.     

Antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing potential of 3β-hydroxy-△5-steroidal congeners purified from the soft coral Dendronephthya putteri

The exploration and identification of antiproliferative phytochemicals have received increased attention in medicinal chemistry. In particular, research focused on the toxicology of marine natural products has increased in recent years. Terpenoids, among many secondary metabolites, have been demonstrated to act as effective anticancer agents. Soft corals, a group of marine invertebrates, produce a variety of terpenoids with biofunctional properties. The current study presents the extraction, purification, and identification of sterol congeners from the soft coral Dendronephthya putteri. The method involves 50% chloroform-methanol extraction, polar column fractionation, and analysis through GC-MSn. Dose-dependent antiproliferative activity was observed within the sterol-rich fraction (DPCMH 2-4), which consisted of 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroidal congeners. This fraction inhibited the growth of HL-60 and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 25.27±1.43 and 22.81±0.15 μg/mL, respectively. Apoptotic body formation, DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptotic cell signaling pathway activation were also observed, reinforcing the dose-dependent antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity of 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroidal congeners. To our knowledge, this is the first report of anticancer agent identification from the soft coral D. putteri. Based on the observations, these steroidal congeners are promising candidates for the development of anticancer drugs.     

单环刺螠育苗养殖及综合利用研究进展

单环刺螠（Urechis unicinctus）是我国北方沿海常见的一种海洋底栖无脊椎动物,也是具有较好市场开发前景的新型海水养殖品种之一。本文概述了单环刺螠的基础生物学、人工育苗和养殖现状,以及高附值开发潜力,并提出了构建单环刺螠新型海水养殖产业链的可行性。     

有机磷农药对海洋动物乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的毒性效应研究进展

近几十年来，农业和海水养殖业所使用的有机磷农药(OPs)造成沿岸海水的严重污染，威胁到海洋动物的生存。有机磷农药的海洋生态毒理学研究已经成为海洋环境科学中的热门领域之一。作为动物神经传导过程中的关键酶，乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)能够被有机磷农药专一性抑制，因此，有机磷农药对海洋动物AChE的影响受到更多的关注。本文以近年来该领域的研究成果为基础，综述了有机磷农药对海洋动物乙酰胆碱酯酶的毒性效应。     

海洋脊椎动物甲状腺系统的研究与应用

甲状腺（Glandula thyreoidea）是海洋脊椎动物体内重要的内分泌腺,从海洋脊椎动物开始,才有了独立的甲状腺结构。海洋脊椎动物的甲状腺一般为实质性的组织。实质由甲状腺滤泡组成,构成滤泡的上皮细胞合成、贮存和分泌的甲状腺激素是调节机体生长发育的关键激素。从海洋脊椎动物开始才有了独立的甲状腺结构。对于动物甲状腺的研究多集中在甲状腺形态及甲状腺与生长发育关系方面,而对海洋脊椎动物的甲状腺的研究则越来越多的集中于环境因素所引起的甲状腺病变方面,环境因素对甲状腺功能的影响也逐渐成为科学研究的重点。海洋水体污染导致的甲状腺机能受损,使海洋脊椎动物不能正常生长发育,数目与种类骤减之时,我们不得不重视对海洋脊椎动物甲状腺的研究。