山东半岛降雪时空分布特征

以2000-2018年MODIS MOD10A1日产品数据为数据源,结合数字高程模型（DEM）及降水量、风向等气象数据,构建了积雪空间分布模型,能够有效地提取强降雪区域。以此为基础,利用相关分析、缓冲区分析等方法,探究山东半岛降雪时空分布特征,结果表明：① 将NDSI累积量与DEM数据相结合,能够有效构建山东半岛积雪空间分布模型,实现了对山东半岛强、弱降雪区域提取,NDSI累积量≥150的区域中,在强降雪区的面积占降雪范围的79.78%;② 降雪区域存在空间差异,呈现北多南少,东多西少的分布格局,以黄、渤海与山东半岛海陆分界线为基准,离岸距离39.1 km范围内降雪多,离岸距离39.1 km以外降雪少;山脉150 m高程线北侧迎风坡降雪多,南侧背风坡降雪少;③ 山东半岛强降雪年以3-5年为周期存在年际变化。探究山东半岛降雪长时间序列时空分布特征,在收集淡水资源,缓解用水紧张和灾害预防方面具有一定意义。     

Decadal variability of chlorophyll a in the South China Sea: a possible mechanism

Four climatologies on a monthly scale (January, April, May and November) of chlorophyll a within the South China Sea (SCS) were calculated using a Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) (1979-1983) and the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) (1998-2002). We analyzed decadal variability of chlorophyll a by comparing the products of the two observation periods. The relationships of variability in chlorophyll a with sea surface wind speed (SSW), sea surface temperature (SST), wind stress (WS), and mixed layer depth (MLD) were determined. The results indicate that there is obvious chlorophyll a decadal variability in the SCS. The decadal chlorophyll a presents distinct seasonal variability in characteristics, which may be as a result of various different dynamic processes. The negative chlorophyll a concentration anomaly in January was associated with the warming of SST and a shallower MLD. Generally, there were higher chlorophyll a concentrations in spring during the SeaWiFS period compared with the CZCS period. However, the chlorophyll a concentration exhibits some regional differences during this season, leading to an explanation being difficult. The deepened MLD may have contributed to the positive chlorophyll a concentration anomalies from the northwestern Luzon Island to the northeastern region of Vietnam during April and May. The increases of chlorophyll a concentration in northwestern Borneo during May may be because the stronger SSW and higher WS produce a deeper mixed layer and convective mixing, leading to high levels of nutrient concentrations. The higher chlorophyll a off southeastern Vietnam may be associated with the advective transport of the colder water extending from the Karimata Strait to southeastern Vietnam.     

Modeling seasonal variations of subsurface chlorophyll maximum in South China Sea

In the South China Sea(SCS), the subsurface chlorophyll maximum(SCM) is frequently observed while the mechanisms of SCM occurrence have not been well understood. In this study, a 1-D physical-biochemical coupled model was used to study the seasonal variations of vertical profiles of chlorophyll-a(Chl-a) in the SCS. Three parameters(i.e., SCM layer(SCML) depth, thickness, and intensity) were defined to characterize the vertical distribution of Chl-a in SCML and were obtained by fitting the vertical profile of Chl-a in the subsurface layer using a Gaussian function. The seasonal variations of SCMs are reproduced reasonably well compared to the observations. The annual averages of SCML depth, thickness, and intensity are 75 ± 10 m, 31 ± 6.7 m, and 0.37 ± 0.11 mg m-3, respectively. A thick, close to surface SCML together with a higher intensity occurs during the northeastern monsoon. Both the SCML thickness and intensity are sensitive to the changes of surface wind speed in winter and summer, but the surface wind speed exerts a minor influence on the SCML depth; for example, double strengthening of the southwestern monsoon in summer can lead to the thickening of SCML by 46%, the intensity decreasing by 30%, and the shoaling by 6%. This is because part of nutrients are pumped from the upper nutricline to the surface mixed layer by strong vertical mixing. Increasing initial nutrient concentrations by two times will increase the intensity of SCML by over 80% in winter and spring. The sensitivity analysis indicates that light attenuation is critical to the three parameters of SCM. Decreasing background light attenuation by 20% extends the euphotic zone, makes SCML deeper(~20%) and thicker(12% – 41%), and increases the intensity by over 16%. Overall, the depth of SCML is mainly controlled by light attenuation, and the SCML thickness and intensity are closely associated with wind and initial nitrate concentration in the SCS.     

Distribution and provenance of detrital minerals in southern coast of Shandong Peninsula

Detrital minerals of 137 offshore and 22 river sediment samples collected from Qingdao coastal areas have been analyzed. Four mineral assemblage provinces can be classified by Q-mode cluster analysis. Factor analysis identifies two major factors that account for the total variability in most common minerals: 1) based on the relationship of quartz, hornblende, actinolite, micas, and authigenic pyrite, 41.55% of the variability is related to sediment sources; 2) based on the relationship of epidote, garnet, sphere, and ilmenite, 23.21% can be related to strong hydrodynamic conditions that control transport and sedimentation. By comparing mineral compositions of river waters in the study area, the following four mineral provenances can be identified. The Qingdao-Laoshan nearshore area has a quartz-feldspar-epidote-hornblende-limenite-limonite-sphene assemblage, which is largely attributed to relict sediment and coastal erosion. The Jimo-Haiyang nearshore area has a quartz-feldspar-hornblende-epidote-limonite-mica-actinolite assemblage, derived largely from the Wulong River and Rushan River, and is also affected by the Huanghe River, while the Qianliyan Island area in the deeper offshore area separated by a mud belt has a similar assemblage. The Haiyang-Rushan nearshore area has a quartz-feldspar-hornblende-epidote-micas-limonite assemblage, indicating multiple sources from the Rushan River, the Wulong River, the Huanghe River, and coastal erosion. The central area, located in an eddy center, has a mica-authigenic pyrite-hornblende-quartzfeldspar assemblage, indicating multiple sources dominated by Huanghe River distal sediments.     

Simulation and analysis on seasonal variability of average salinityin the Yellow Sea

The CTD (conductivity, temperature and depth) data collected by six China-Korea joint cruises during 1996-1998 and the climatological data suggest that the seasonal variability of average salinity in the Yellow Sea (Sa) presents a general sinusoid pattern. To study the mechanism of the variability, annual cycles of Sa were simulated and a theoretical analysis based on the governing equations was reported.Three main factors are responsible for the variability: the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC), the Changji-ang (Yangtze) River diluted water (YRDW) and the evaporation minus precipitation (E-P). From December to the next May, the variability of Sa is mainly controlled by the salt transportation of the YSWC. But in early July, the YSWC is overtaken and replaced by the YRDW which then becomes the most important controller in summer. From late September to November, the E-P gradually took the lead. The mass exchange north of the 37癗 line is not significant.     

胶东半岛地下水库水资源调蓄研究

胶东半岛是山东省的缺水地区,建设地下水库是提高该区水资源供应能力和改善生态环境的有效措施。该文系统分析了在胶东半岛建设地下水库的可行性及其水资源和生态环境意义,认为该区建设地下水库可大幅度提高水资源调蓄能力,解除海水入侵之患,生态环境得以逐步改善,其水资源效益、环境效益十分明显。     

山东半岛蓝色经济区地热资源与开发利用区划

为了适应山东半岛蓝色经济区多产业快速发展的需求,通过区内地热资源开发利用现状调查、抽水试验、地热地质钻探等资料及以往地热地质研究成果,对山东半岛蓝色经济区地热地质条件进行了分析总结,将其分为层状、带状热储类型进行了地热资源量计算,从地热资源勘察、开发、利用条件和地热资源开发前景方面入手,结合区内交通、经济发展等社会环境,对半岛蓝色经济区地热资源进行开发利用区划,提出了地热资源开发利用方案及保护措施。     

山东半岛土地集约利用评价及时空分异特征

遵循系统性、科学性、前瞻性、动态性等原则,结合山东半岛城市群区域发展实际,从土地利用强度、投入、效益和生态环境出发构建了区域城市土地集约利用评价指标体系,采用均方差权值法对山东半岛城市群土地集约利用水平进行了综合评价,对其时空分异特征进行了深入、系统地研究。结果表明:2005年以来,山东半岛城市群土地集约利用综合指数总体呈下降趋势,2010年略有回升;土地集约利用水平区域差异明显,青岛、威海集约利用程度最高,潍坊、烟台、东营次之,日照、济南、淄博利用水平最低。     

山东半岛北斗基准站观测数据质量分析与评价

本文使用数据缺失天数统计软件与TEQC数据预处理软件评估了山东半岛31座北斗基准站2021年全年的观测数据质量,结果表明：大部分北斗基准站的观测数据质量良好,符合后续研究要求;23座北斗基准站全年观测数据质量良好,全年数据均可用于后续研究;HJBH、LJZK、LOKO、SDPL 4座北斗基准站在GPS周2142周和2185周出现仪器故障,后续研究应舍弃这2周数据;RZRS、ZNRS 2座北斗基准站全年数据质量较差,不应用于后续研究;WEIH、SDLA 2座北斗基准站在年积日158d和160d后数据质量明显提升,符合后续研究要求。北斗基准站应加强数据质量动态监测及巡检力度,确保站点数据质量稳定可靠。     

Sedimentary architecture of the Holocene mud deposit off the southern Shandong Peninsula in the Yellow Sea

Newly acquired high-resolution seismic profiles reveal a nearshore and an of fshore mud depocenter of f the southern Shandong Peninsula in the Yellow Sea.The nearshore depocenter is distributed in bands along the south coast of Shandong Peninsula.The of fshore depocenter is part of the distal subaqueous deltaic lobe,which deposited around the southeastern tip of the Shandong Peninsula.Between the two depocenters is a linear depression.The mud deposits directly overlie the postglacial transgressive surface and can be divided into lower and upper units by the Holocene maximum flooding surface.The nearshore and off shore units display different seismic structures.The lower unit of the nearshore deposit exhibits basal onlap,whereas the upper unit is characterized by progradation.The lower and upper units of the off shore deposit display distinct acoustic features.The lower unit has low-angle aggradation with internal reflectors generally dipping seaward and truncated by the Holocene maximum flooding surface,whereas the upper unit is characterized by aggradation and progradation landward rather than seaward.Results of geochemistry analysis of QDZ03 sediments and mineral analysis of WHZK01 sediments suggest that the nearshore deposit and the lower unit of the of fshore deposit are derived from the proximal coastal sediments of the Shandong Peninsula and the Huanghe(Yellow) River sediments.The upper unit of the of fshore deposit is mainly Huanghe River-derived.The lower unit of the mud deposit represents a post-glacial transgressive system tract according to dates of core QDZ03,and the upper unit represents a highstand system tract from middle Holocene to the present.These results will be of great significance to further understanding of the transportation of the Huanghe River sediments into the Yellow Sea and the spatial distribution of the subaqueous delta.     

Origin and geochemistry of surface sediments in the mud deposit area offshore the Shandong Peninsula,China

The waters offshore the Shandong Peninsula separate the North Yellow Sea from the South Yellow Sea,and receive a large amount of terrestrial material from Chinese and Korean rivers,making it an ideal area for studying land-sea interactions.However,little attention has been given to measuring sediment transportation in most previous studies.Based on an analysis in composition of major and trace elements and particle size characteristics from 62 surface sediment samples from the northeastern region off Shandong Peninsula,the type,element composition,and controlling factors of the surface sediments were inve stigated.In addition,the transportation of sediments from source to sink was described from measured thermohaline data.The results show two types of surface sediments:sandy silt and silt.The sediments were mainly terrestrial;and marine carbonate had little effect on sediment composition.Shown on a binary diagram of Rb/Sc to Co/Sc,the Huanghe(Yellow) and Changjiang(Yangtze) rivers are the main sources of surface sediments in the study area.The component mixing model showed that the relative contribution of sediment from the Huanghe River was up to 92%,followed by the Changjiang River(8%).The Yellow Sea Warm Current and the North Shandong Peninsula Coastal Current met at ～3 7.7°N in the study area,and were the main forces carrying sediment from the two main river sources.However,there was a deficit of transported material into the study area in summer.The secondary distribution of sediment from the two river sources was controlled by tidal currents and waves.     

山东半岛海岸带北段地下水土腐蚀性评价

地下水、土对建筑材料的腐蚀性使建筑物缩短使用年限,并产生较大的安全隐患,该文通过对山东半岛蓝色经济区海岸带北段地下水、土的调查,结合取样分析测试结果,分析了海岸带北段地下水、土的化学特性,评价了其对工程建设中混凝土等建筑材料的腐蚀性,并提出了防治措施和保护建议。     

山东半岛城市群地区土地资源潜力分析

2003年12月,山东半岛城市群发展战略研究通过山东省和建设部论证。2004年5月,山东半岛城市群发展规划通过了专家论证,标志着加快山东半岛社会经济发展的重大决策已开始启动。根据省委、省政府关于加快半岛城市群经济发展及半岛制造业基地建设的部署,认真分析研究山东半岛城市群     

山东半岛蓝色经济区地质环境特征分析及其承载力评价研究

该文从水文地质、工程地质和环境地质3个方面对地质环境进行了重点分析,同时选取14个重要影响因子,搭建地质环境承载力评价指标体系,利用AHP求取各指标权重,借助GIS软件空间叠加功能,计算半岛蓝色经济区地质环境承载力大小,并将其分为5个等级,评价结果显示,地质环境承载力以强区和较强区为主,承载力强区主要分布在胶莱盆地以东海阳市至荣成市沿海一带,差区分布范围较小,主要分布在潍坊市北部沿海地区,文中对各个分区的特征进行了分析研究。     

山东半岛城市群城市土地扩张与人口增长协调性研究

新型城镇化是以人为核心的城镇化,山东半岛城市群作为我国11个国家级城市群之一,近年来城镇化发展速度不断加快。以山东半岛城市群8个设区城市为研究对象,通过构建城市土地扩张与人口增长协调关系模型,计算8个城市的土地扩张与人口增长协调度,并根据城市土地扩张与人口增长的协调性分级标准,把1994年和2013年8个城市的土地扩张与人口增长协调性关系进行分等定级评价。结果表明:山东半岛城市群城市土地扩张与人口增长的协调性较弱,呈现出土地快速扩张态势。8个城市中有5个城市表现为土地快速扩张,其中2个城市表现为土地显著扩张,3个城市表现为土地明显扩张;人地基本协调的仅有3个,协调性空间分异明显。针对8个城市土地扩张与人口增长间不同类型的协调度,提出发展建议,促进山东半岛城市群城市土地扩张与人口增长协调发展,提高城镇化发展质量。     

山东半岛蓝色经济区土壤地球化学基准值与背景值

山东半岛蓝色经济区土壤地球化学调查是按1km2采集1件表层土壤样品,4km2组合成1件分析样品,4km2采集1件深层土壤样品,16km2组合成1件分析样品,测试Ag,As,Au,B,Ba,Be,Bi,Br,C等54项指标。对这些指标的地球化学基准值和背景值进行研究,认为表层、深层土壤中除与金及多金属成矿作用有关的Ag,Au,Hg,Mo,S,Sb等元素和Cl,Br,I等卤族元素空间变异性大外,大部分元素分布均匀,且表层土壤与深层土壤元素分布具有相似性。统计了青岛、东营、烟台、潍坊、日照、威海等6市的土壤地球化学基准值和背景值,发现6市绝大部分元素基准值和背景值相对稳定,与半岛蓝色经济区基本一致,仅部分指标基准值和背景值变化较大;各市土壤地球化学基准值主要受地质背景控制,而土壤地球化学背景值主要受地质背景和后期人类活动等多层因素控制。     

Spatial and seasonal variability of global ocean diapycnal transport inferred from Argo profiles

The global diapycnal transport in the ocean interior is one of the significant branches to return the deep water back toward near-surface. However, the amount of the diapycnal transport and the seasonal variations are not determined yet. This paper estimates the dissipation rate and the associated diapycnal transports at 500 m, 750 m and 1 000 m depth throughout the global ocean from the wide-spread Argo profiles, using the finescale parameterizations and classic advection-dif fusion balance. The net upwelling is ～5.2±0.81 Sv(Sverdrup) which is approximately one fifth in magnitude of the formation of the deep water. The Southern Ocean is the major region with the upward diapycnal transport, while the downwelling emerges mainly in the northern North Atlantic. The upwelling in the Southern Ocean accounts for over 50%of the amount of the global summation. The seasonal cycle is obvious at 500 m and vanishes with depth,indicating the energy source at surface. The enhancement of diapycnal transport occurs at 1 000 m in the Southern Ocean, which is pertinent with the internal wave generation due to the interaction between the robust deep-reaching flows and the rough topography. Our estimates of the diapycnal transport in the ocean interior have implications for the closure of the oceanic energy budget and the understanding of global Meridional Overturning Circulation.     

山东半岛城市群交通网络载流能力评估与优化研究

在总结城市群交通网络运输方式多元化、交通节点等级化、结构运行高效化等基本特征的基础上,本文基于GIS空间分析平台构建了城市群交通网络载流模型（Traffic Network Flow-carrying Model, TNFM）,以山东半岛城市群为研究案例区,综合评价和对比了交通网络及各类型交通线路的理论与实际载流能力,得出各行政单元交通线路的缺口指数,并据此提出城市群交通网络的优化与提升方案。研究结果表明：TNFM模型可以有效地评价城市群交通网络的载流能力并得出各行政单元和道路类型的缺口里程,为城市群交通体系规划提供科学依据;山东半岛城市群国道、省道和铁路建设不足,部分城市主干道分流不畅,60%的县市存在各级道路短缺,但高铁和县乡道可以满足载流需求;未来应重点加强上述4类交通线路的建设,完善交通线路间的接口系统,充分发挥高铁和县道的分流作用。     

山东半岛蓝色经济区矿产资源专项规划思路及建议

从山东半岛蓝色经济区的区位优势、经济发展背景方面阐述了开展山东半岛蓝色经济区矿产资源规划的作用和意义,提出了山东半岛蓝色经济区矿产资源规划总体思路、发展目标及政策措施,对区内的矿产资源勘查、开发利用与保护具有指导意义.     

Genetic variation in parthenogeneticArtemia from the Shandong Peninsula,P.R.C.

Results are presented of a survey of isozyme frequencies in parthenogeneticArtimia from six salterns in the Shandong Peninsula, P.R.C. Three of the eleven enzymes we scored using polyacryamide gel electrophoresis proved to be useful for analysis of electromorph frequency variation. These enzymes are tetrazolium oxidase (TO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malate dehydrogenase (MDH). Each of these systems showed extensive isozyme variation both within and between salterns. In addition, we have examined the possibility that electromorph frequencies may vary as the result of natural selection for adaptation to specific salinity, or salinity-associated environmental conditions. An indication of clinal variation was found in two series of ponds differing in salinity, however more extensive data are needed before it is possible to conclude that these patterns are the result of natural selection. Finally, the use of isozyme analyses such as ours, for unraveling taxonomic problems inArtemia is discussed.