Natural predators of polyps ofthree scyphozoans:Nemopilema nomurai,Aurelia coerulea,and Rhopilema esculentum

Jellyfish blooms have become a hot research topic in recent decade s because they pose a serious threat to fisheries,coastal industries,tourism,and the marine ecosystem.The life cycle of scyphozoan jellyfish consists of a pelagic medusa stage and a benthic polyp stage,where asexual reproduction and strobilation of the polyps directly affect the abundance of ephyra and subsequently medusa abundance.The dynamics of polyps are affected by both environmental and biological factors,and predation by natural predators is one of the most important biological factors.Nemopilema nomurai,Aurelia coerulea,and Rhopilema esculentum are three scyphozoan species that are commonly found in Chinese coastal waters,and previous studies reported that the survivorship of polyps differs among the three species when they are exposed to the same benthic community.To identify potential natural predators of polyps of these three species in Chine se coastal waters and to deterrmine whether the predation rates on polyps of the three species differ,we collected 39 species of macro zoobenthos from the Bohai Sea,Yellow Sea,and East China Sea from May 2014 to June 2016 and conducted predation tests and predation rate measurements.We found that the nudibranchs Pleurobranchaea novaezealandiae,Okenia plana,and Chromodoris tinctoria and the sea anemones Paracalliactis sinica,Calliactis japonica,Anthopleura incerta,and Anthopleura midori could prey on the polyps of all three scyphozoan species.The predation rates increased with the body length of the predators.The predations rates were also related to the polyp species,although the different predators showed no consistent preference for a particular species of polyp.Our results indicate that introducing predators to locations inhabited by polyps might be a way to control the benthic polyp populations and preve nt subsequent jelly fish blooms.     

Molecular analyses of bacterioplankton communities with highly abundant Vibrio clades: a case study in Bohai Sea coastal waters

We investigated the bacterioplankton abundance,community composition and the associated Vibrio clades of natural seawater in Bohai Sea coastal waters.Seawater samples(10 L in triplicate)were collected at 0.5,3,and 5 m depths near the coastal aquaculture zone of the Bohai Sea on May 12,2016.Real-time PCR and 16 S rRNA gene amplicon high-throughput sequencing methods were employed by which 485 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)at a 97% sequence similarity level were generated.Gammaproteobacteria,Alphaproteobacteria,and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant groups,accounting for 49.5%,23.5%,and 18.9% ofthe total assemblage,respectively.Obvious variations in Pseudoalteromonas,Vibrio,and Octadecabacter,which were the most abundant genera,could be observed among different samples.Notably,the results of Vibrio-specific real-time PCR indicated that Vibrio had extremely high 16 S rRNA gene copy numbers.The 16 S rRNA gene sequencing results across all the samples also indicated that they occupied a large proportion of the total assemblage.Both the alpha diversity and major bacterioplankton group Pseudoalteromonas had significant correlations with the concentration of PO43-.Overall,studies on bacterioplankton communities with highly abundant Vibrio clades can provide interesting insight into the microbial function and health assessment of the Bohai Sea coastal ecosystem.     

Significance of different microalgal species for growth of moon jellyfish ephyrae, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aurelia</Emphasis> sp.1

The scyphozoan Aurelia aurita (Linnaeus) sp. l., is a cosmopolitan species-complex which blooms seasonally in a variety of coastal and shelf sea environments around the world. The effects of different microalgal species on the growth of newly-released Aurelia sp.1 ephyrae were studied under laboratory conditions. We fed ephyrae with four different microalgal species (diatom, autotrophic dinoflagellate, heterotrophic dinoflagellate, and chlorophyta) plus Artemia nauplii for 12-24 d at 18°C. Results showed that the growth rate diverged significantly for Artemia nauplii compared to other food types. In addition, there was no significant variation between the growth rates for Skeletonema costatum and Prorocentrum donghaiense, and no significant variation was found in the growth rates for N. scintillans and P. subcordiformis. Artemia nauplii could support the energy requirement for the newly-released ephyrae to develop to meduase, and the ephyrae with Artemia nauplii showed a significant average growth rate of 25.85% d^?1. Newly-released ephyrae could grow slightly with some species of microalgae in the earliest development stage. Chain diatom Skeletonema costatum and autotrophic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense, could not support the growth of the ephyrae, while heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans and chlorophyta Platymonas subcordiformis could support the growth of the ephyrae. However, none of the ephyrae fed with the tested phytoplankton could mature to medusae.     

The Clam Cyclina sinensis (Gmelin) Phylogeography Study with 28S rRNA Gene and Potential of Nuclear rRNA Genes in Genetic Assessments of Molluscs

Intraspecific diversity of molluscan species is usually studied based on maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA,from which only part of the evolutionary history can be reflected.Some nuclear ribosomal RNA genes such as 28S rRNA represent poten-tial candidates that can be easily applied in phylogeography because of lacking intraindividual variation.However,considering their low polymorphism,genetic appraisals on whether and how they can be used in population studies are necessary.Here,we applied a short 28S rRNA to assess genetic patterns of the clam Cyclina sinensis along the coast of China and compared the results with a for-mer study based on COI and ITS-1 analyses.The results revealed the 28S rRNA data set was characterized by an extremely low level of variation,with only seven haplotypes defined for 93 individuals.Haplotype and nucleotide diversity for each population was al-most the lowest when compared with the other two markers.However,the distribution of two dominant haplotypes showed clear geo-graphic patterns,and significant population differentiation was revealed between the East China Sea and the South China Sea.These patterns were highly concordant with findings of the former study that populations of C.sinensis were historically separated by land bridges among sea basins.Our study suggested that although the nuclear rRNAs have shortcomings such as low variation,they have advantages including lack of intraindividual variation and high amplification rates.Applying rRNA genes can enrich the toolbox of nuclear markers in molluscan phylogeographic studies.     

Succession and seasonal variation in epilithic biofilms on artificial reefs in culture waters of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Periphytic biofilms in aquaculture waters are thought to improve water quality, provide an additional food source, and improve the survival and growth of some reared animals. In the AsiaPacific region, particularly in China, artificial reefs are commonly used in the commercial farming of sea cucumbers. However, few studies have examined the epilithic biofilms on the artificial reefs. To gain a better understanding of the succession of epilithic biofilms and their ecological processes in sea cucumber culture waters, two experiments were conducted in culture waters of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in Rongcheng, China, using artificial test panels. On the test panels of succession experiment, more than 67 species were identified in the biofilms. On the test panels of seasonal variation experiment, more than 46 species were recorded in the biofilms. In both experiments, communities of epilithic biofilms were dominated by diatoms, green algae and the annelid Spirorbis sp. In the initial colonization, the dominant diatoms were Cocconeis sp., Amphora spp. and Nitzschia closterium in June, which were succeeded by species of Navicula, Cocconeis and Nitzschia(July to September), and then by Licmophora abbreviata, Nitzschia closterium and Synedra spp. in the following months. A diatom bloom in the autumn and filamentous green algae burst in the summer were also observed. Ecological indices well annotated the succession and seasonal changes in epilithic communities. Multidimensional scaling(MDS) analysis found significant differences in diatom community composition among months and seasons. Fast growth of biofilms was observed in the summer and autumn, whereas the biomass of summer biofilms was largely made up of filamentous green algae. Present results show that the components of epilithic biofilms are mostly optimal foods of A. japonicus, suggesting that biofilms on artificial reefs may contribute important nutritional sources for sea cucumbers during their growth seasons. Future works should include quantitative determination of the contribution of epilithic biofilms to the diet of A. japonicus, potential roles of epilithic biofilms in regulating the water quality of sea cucumber ponds, and the regulation of epilithic biofilms in sea cucumber culture ponds.     

Ecological effects of co-culturing sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) with scallop Chlamys farreri in earthen ponds

Monthly changes in sedimentation and sediment properties were studied for three different culture treatments: sea cucumber monoculture (Mc), sea cucumber and scallop polyculture (Ps-c) and scallop monoculture (Ms). Results indicated that the survival rate of sea cucumber was significantly higher in Ps-c cultures than in Mc cultures. Sea cucumber yield was 69.6% higher in Ps-c culture than in Mc culture. No significant differences in body weight and scallop shell length were found between Ps-c and Ms cultures. The mean sedimentation rate of total particulate matter (TPM) was 72.2 g/(m2 d) in Ps-c cultures, with a maximum of 119.7 g/(m2 d), which was markedly higher than that of Mc (mean value). Sedimentation rates of organic matter (OM), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in Ps-c cultures were also significantly higher than those in Mc cultures. TOC and TN contents of sediment increased rapidly in the first 5 months in Ms cultures and remained at a high level. TOC and TN contents in Mc and Ps-c cultures decreased during sea cucumber feeding seasons and increased during sea cucumber dormancy periods (summer and winter). The study demonstrates that co-culture of sea cucumber and scallop in earthen ponds is an alternative way to alleviate nutrient loads and improve water quality in coastal aquaculture systems. Moreover, it provides the additional benefit of an increased sea cucumber yield.     

Significant population genetic structure detected in the rock bream <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oplegnathus fasciatus</Emphasis> (Temminck &amp; Schlegel, 1844) inferred from fluorescent-AFLP analysis

Oplegnathus fasciatus (rock bream) is a commercial rocky reef fish species in East Asia that has been considered for aquaculture. We estimated the population genetic diversity and population structure of the species along the coastal waters of China using fluorescent-amplified fragment length polymorphisms technology. Using 53 individuals from three populations and four pairs of selective primers, we amplified 1 264 bands, 98.73% of which were polymorphic. The Zhoushan population showed the highest Nei’s genetic diversity and Shannon genetic diversity. The results of analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 59.55% of genetic variation existed among populations and 40.45% occurred within populations, which indicated that a significant population genetic structure existed in the species. The pairwise fixation index F _st ranged from 0.20 to 0.63 and were significant after sequential Bonferroni correction. The topology of an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean tree showed two significant genealogical branches corresponding to the sampling locations of North and South China. The AMOVA and STRUCTURE analyses suggested that the O. fasciatus populations examined should comprise two stocks.     

Genetic diversity and population structure of Eleutheronema rhadinum in the East and South China Seas revealed in mitochondrial COI sequences

Eleutheronema rhadinum is a potential commercial fisheries species and is subject to intense exploitation in China. Knowledge on the population structure of E. rhadinum in Chinese coastal waters, which is important for sustainable exploitation and proper resource management, is lacking. In the present study, the genetic diversity and population structure of E. rhadinum were evaluated using a 564-base pair fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I （COl） gene. A total of 76 specimens were collected from three localities around the East （Qidong and Zhoushan） and South China Seas （Zhuhai）. Among these individuals, nine polymorphic sites were detected and 1 l distinct haplotypes were defined. High levels ofhaplotype diversity （h=0.759i0.035） and low levels of nucleotide diversity （re=0.001 98i0.003 26） were observed in these populations, Hierarchical analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） indicated that 96.72% of the genetic variation occurred within the populations, whereas 3.28% occurred among populations. No significant genealogical branches or clusters were recognized on the neighbor-joining tree. Intra-group variation among populations was significant （~0~t=0.032 85, P〈0.01）. These results suggest that E. rhadinum populations in the East and South China Seas have developed divergent genetic structures. Tests of neutral evolution and mismatch distribution suggest that E. rhadinum may have experienced a population expansion. The present study provides basic information for the conservation and sustainable exploitation of this species.     

Significant population genetic structure detected in the rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus(Temminck & Schlegel,1844) inferred from fluorescent-AFLP analysis

Oplegnathus fasciatus(rock bream) is a commercial rocky reef fish species in East Asia that has been considered for aquaculture.We estimated the population genetic diversity and population structure of the species along the coastal waters of China using fluorescent-amplified fragment length polymorphisms technology.Using 53 individuals from three populations and four pairs of selective primers,we amplified 1 264 bands,98.73% of which were polymorphic.The Zhoushan population showed the highest Nei's genetic diversity and Shannon genetic diversity.The results of analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) showed that 59.55% of genetic variation existed among populations and 40.45% occurred within populations,which indicated that a significant population genetic structure existed in the species.The pairwise fixation index F_(st) ranged from 0.20 to 0.63 and were significant after sequential Bonferroni correction.The topology of an unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean tree showed two significant genealogical branches corresponding to the sampling locations of North and South China.The AMOVA and STRUCTURE analyses suggested that the O.fasciatus populations examined should comprise two stocks.     

海洋弧菌鉴定与分类相关功能基因研究进展

【目的】探究功能基因在海洋弧菌物种鉴定中的作用,为海洋弧菌多样性研究以及致病性弧菌的监测和防控提供参考。【方法】根据已有的弧菌分类学研究成果,阐述16S rRNA基因、管家基因和毒力基因等相关功能基因在海洋弧菌鉴定与分类研究中的应用进展。【结果】16S rRNA基因和功能基因可用于海洋弧菌的分类学及其快速检测鉴定的研究,对致病性弧菌的诊治具有重要的意义。【结论】功能基因和16S rRNA基因在海洋弧菌菌种鉴定中的广泛应用,提高了海洋弧菌种间分类的准确性,对海洋弧菌的多样性研究以及水产养殖和人类健康的风险评估有重要价值。探索新型功能基因在海洋弧菌分类学研究和快速鉴定中的应用有现实意义。     

Mitochondrial DNA control region diversity and population structure of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) in the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan

To investigate the genetic variation and population structure of Pacific herring in the Yellow Sea and the genetic differentiation between the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan,fragments of 479-bp mitochondrial DNA control region were sequenced for 110 individuals collected from three different periods in the Yellow Sea and one locality in the Sea of Japan.High haplotype diversity and moderate nucleotide diversity were observed in Pacific herring.AMOVA and exact test of population differentiation showed no significant genetic differentiations among the three populations of the Yellow Sea and suggested the populations can be treated as a single panmictic stock in the Yellow Sea.However,a large and significant genetic differentiation(WST50.11;P50.00) was detected between the populations in the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan.The high sea water temperature in the Tsushima Strait was thought a barrier to block the gene exchange between populations of the two sea areas.The neutrality tests and mismatch distribution indicated recent population expansion in Pacific herring.     

近江牡蛎两个野生种群的遗传多样性分析

采用RAPD分子标记和rDNA-ITS1序列分析了近江牡蛎Crassostrea rivularis湛江官渡和阳江程村野生种群的遗传多样性。12个RAPD引物共扩增出8838条片段,157个位点,平均每个引物可产生13个位点,片段长度在200～2200bp之间。湛江种群和阳江种群的多态位点比例分别为89.62%和89.57%,遗传多样性指数分别为0.4170和0.4334。种群间平均遗传距离为0.0327,平均遗传相似性为0.9681,平均遗传分化系数为0.0437。得到近江牡蛎18S、5.8S部分序列和ITS1全部序列,其中ITS1序列片段长度为478～485bp,共有11个变异位点,两个为转换(A/G),其他为插入/缺失(A/-、T/-)。湛江和阳江种群各获得8个单倍型,其中有一个单倍型为两个种群共享。两个种群的CG碱基平均含量较高,分别为58.29%和58.41%。种群间的遗传分化系数0.0254。结果说明,近江牡蛎湛江种群和阳江种群间具有较高的遗传多样性和较低的遗传分化。     

Use of species-specific PCR for the identification of 10 sea cucumber species

We developed a species-specific PCR method to identify species among dehydrated products of 10 sea cucumber species. Ten reverse species-specific primers designed from the 16S rRNA gene, in combination with one forward universal primer, generated PCR fragments of ca. 270 bp length for each species. The specificity of the PCR assay was tested with DNA of samples of 21 sea cucumber species. Amplification was observed in specific species only. The species-specific PCR method we developed was successfully applied to authenticate species of commercial products of dehydrated sea cucumber, and was proven to be a useful, rapid, and low-cost technique to identify the origin of the sea cucumber product.     

Population genetic structure of the mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria(Crustacea: Squillidae) in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea

The mantis shrimp O ratosquilla oratoria is an ecologically and economically important species in the Western Pacific. In present study, the population genetic structure of O ratosquilla oratoria from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea was examined with mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. In total, 394 samples were collected from 18 locations and 102 haplotypes were obtained. For the Yellow Sea, the overall nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity were 0.006 9 and 0.946 8, respectively; while across all the East China Sea locations, the overall nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity were 0.027 94 and 0.979 0, respectively. The results of AMOVA and pairwise F_(ST)(0.145 2, P 0.001) revealed moderate differentiation between the Yellow Sea and East China Sea populations of O. oratoria. However, neither the neighbor-joining tree nor haplotype network showed clades with geographic pattern, which indicated considerable gene flow was existed between the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, and supporting the high larval dispersal ability in this species. Mismatch distribution analysis and neutrality tests suggested that O. oratoria has undergone population expansion event, and the Pleistocene glacial cycles might have an impact on the historical demography of O. oratoria. The genetic information obtained in this study can provide useful information for sustainable improvements for capture fisheries management strategies.     

Remote Monitoring of Expansion of Aquaculture Ponds Along Coastal Region of the Yellow River Delta from 1983 to 2015

Aquaculture ponds are one of the fastest-growing land use types in valuable and fertile coastal areas and have caused serious environmental problems. Quantitative assessment of the extent, spatial distribution, and dynamics of aquaculture ponds is of utmost importance for sustainable economic development and scientific management of land and water resources in the coastal area. An object-oriented classification approach was applied to Landsat images acquired over three decades to investigate the long-term change of aquaculture ponds in the coastal region of the Yellow River Delta. The results indicated that the aquaculture ponds in the study area undergone a sharp expansion from 40.38 km~2 in 1983 to 1406.89 km~2 in 2015, and the fast expansion occurred during the period of 2010–2015 and 1990–2000. Natural wetlands, especially mudflat, and cropland were main land use types contributing to the increase of aquaculture ponds. The patches of aquaculture ponds were consequently prevalence in the north of the Yellow River Estuary and landscape metrics indicated an increase of the aquaculture ponds of the study area in the quantity and complexity. The expansion of aquaculture ponds inevitably had negative effects on the coastal environment, including loss of natural wetlands, water pollution and land subsidence, etc. The results from this study provide baseline data and valuable information for efficiently planning and managing aquaculture practices and for effectively implementing adequate regulations and protection measures.     

Succession and seasonal variation in epilithic biofilms on artificial reefs in culture waters of the sea cucumber <Emphasis Type="Italic">Apostichopus japonicus</Emphasis>

Periphytic biofilms in aquaculture waters are thought to improve water quality, provide an additional food source, and improve the survival and growth of some reared animals. In the Asia- Pacific region, particularly in China, artificial reefs are commonly used in the commercial farming of sea cucumbers. However, few studies have examined the epilithic biofilms on the artificial reefs. To gain a better understanding of the succession of epilithic biofilms and their ecological processes in sea cucumber culture waters, two experiments were conducted in culture waters of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in Rongcheng, China, using artificial test panels. On the test panels of succession experiment, more than 67 species were identified in the biofilms. On the test panels of seasonal variation experiment, more than 46 species were recorded in the biofilms. In both experiments, communities of epilithic biofilms were dominated by diatoms, green algae and the annelid Spirorbis sp. In the initial colonization, the dominant diatoms were Cocconeis sp., Amphora spp. and Nitzschia closterium in June, which were succeeded by species of Navicula, Cocconeis and Nitzschia (July to September), and then by Licmophora abbreviata, Nitzschia closterium and Synedra spp. in the following months. A diatom bloom in the autumn and filamentous green algae burst in the summer were also observed. Ecological indices well annotated the succession and seasonal changes in epilithic communities. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis found significant differences in diatom community composition among months and seasons. Fast growth of biofilms was observed in the summer and autumn, whereas the biomass of summer biofilms was largely made up of filamentous green algae. Present results show that the components of epilithic biofilms are mostly optimal foods of A. japonicus, suggesting that biofilms on artificial reefs may contribute important nutritional sources for sea cucumbers during their growth seasons. Future works should include quantitative determination of the contribution of epilithic biofilms to the diet of A. japonicus, potential roles of epilithic biofilms in regulating the water quality of sea cucumber ponds, and the regulation of epilithic biofilms in sea cucumber culture ponds.     

蜂巢石斑鱼随机扩增多态性DNA的初步研究

采用RAPD技术分析了湛江沿海野生蜂巢石斑鱼的遗传多样性 ,从 6个系列 1 2 0个引物筛选出1 6个引物 ,对 1 0尾蜂巢石斑鱼进行RAPD分析 ,1 6个引物共检测到 1 5 4个位点 ,其中 ,多态位点比例 (P)为 6 5 5 8% ,平均个体间遗传相似系数 (S)为 0 7887,平均个体间遗传距离 (D)为 0 2 1 1 3,遗传多样性指数 (H)为 0 1 776。研究结果表明 ,湛江沿海的野生蜂巢石斑鱼的遗传多样性较高。     

Medusa consumption and prey selection of silver pomfret Pampus argenteus juveniles

The current study explored Aurelia aurita and Rhopilema esculent um consumption by silver pomfret juveniles, as well as their prey selection between the two jellyfi sh species. Silver pomfret juveniles weighing 1±0.1 g actively preyed on both the species. Their daily A. aurita consumption was 11.6 times their own body weights regardless of the size of A. aurita medusae. Their daily R. esculent um consumption was 13, 9.1, 5, and 4.1 times their own body weights when the R. esculentum medusae were 10, 20, 30, and 40 mm in bell diameter, respectively. The survival rates of the R. esculent um were higher than those of the A. aurita. When the R. esculent um medusae were more than 30 mm in bell diameter, their survival rate exceeded 92%. Silver pomfrets serve as a type of potential predators on A. aurita in coastal waters, and they have little infl uence on R. esculent um with a size exceeding 30 mm. Besides, A. aurita may be able to be used as fi sh prey in silver pomfret artifi cial breeding.     

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE WILD AND REARED PSEUDOSCIAENA CROCEA

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅｌａｒｇｅｙｅｌｌｏｗｃｒｏａｋｅｒＰｓｅｕｄｏｓｃｉａｅｎａｃｒｏｃｅａｏｎｃｅｗａｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｆｏｕｒｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｍａｒｉｎｅｆｉｓｈ ｅｒｙｏｂｊｅｃｔｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ (Ｈｏｎｇｅｔａｌ.,1 983;ＨｕａｎｇａｎｄＣａｒｌ,1 983;ＣｈｅｎａｎｄＧｏｎｇ ,1 983) .ＴｈｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｗｉｌｄＰ .ｃｒｏｃｅａｉｎ 1 974ｒｅａｃｈｅｄ 1 971 78ｍｅｔｒｉｃｔｏｎｓ (ＭＴ)ｉｎＣｈｉｎａ (Ｌｉ,1 998) .Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｏｖｅｒｆｉｓｈｉｎｇ ,ｔｈ…     

马氏珠母贝肠道及其养殖水体可培养细菌群落结构

【目的】了解马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata martensii)肠道及其养殖水体可培养细菌的群落组成。【方法】采用2216E平板涂布法研究海区养殖马氏珠母贝肠道与养殖水体的可培养菌群种类及丰度。【结果与结论】马氏珠母贝肠道及其养殖水体的可培养细菌归属于2门(变形菌门和厚壁菌门)3纲7目10科23属56种。属水平上,肠道中以弧菌属(74.7%)和假交替单胞菌属(18.7%)为主;养殖水体中α-变形菌纲的FJ943236_g属(40.7%)丰度最大,弧菌属(16.7%)相对肠道丰度较低。样品共有菌属为弧菌属、假交替单胞菌属、发光杆菌属和芽孢杆菌属;肠道特有菌属为希瓦氏菌属和盐单胞菌属;养殖水体特有菌属主要为FJ943236_g、鲁杰氏菌属和Nautella。在种水平上,7个种为二者共有;马氏珠母贝肠道和养殖水体特异性菌种分别为18个和31个。虽然门水平上马氏珠母贝肠道中可培养细菌群落与其养殖水体中的细菌群落大致相似,但在属、种水平上二者差异明显。