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弹性岩石层、区域重力异常和上地幔小尺度对流

在小尺度地幔对流模型的基础上 ,建立了顾及岩石层与地幔耦合的地幔对流模型。考虑到岩石层对上地幔小尺度对流的弹性响应 ,将上地幔视为一均匀的等粘滞系数的牛顿粘滞流体 ,其对流能量来源于下地幔 ,用热流体动力学基本方程得到的上地幔对流在壳幔边界处的垂向应力作为弹性板弯曲方程的垂直加载 ,来耦合弹性岩石层和可流动地幔。推导了两者耦合下区域重力异常和上地幔小尺度对流的相关方程 ,用以反演上地幔小尺度对流流场模式和岩石层底部拖曳力场格局。对比了有、无弹性岩石层影响的模型之间的差异 ,并对模型应用范围 ,特别是板块边界水平构造力可能产生的影响 ,作了进一步探讨。     

地震层析成像之密度异常驱动地幔对流模型

地震层析成像展现了地球内部横向不均匀性，其描述的地幔结构正是地幔演化热动力学过程的现代表现。然而，如何利用这些最新的观测成果去研究地球特别是地幔的动力学过程是对地球动力学研究的挑战，建立了地幔密度异常（温度异常）直接驱动地幔对流的新方法，并利用现代地震层析成像模型计算了对应的地幔对流的格局，探讨了其和全球构造相关的地幔问题。结果表明，在单层地幔粘滞结构条件下，对流格局仍然以全地幔大尺度对流为主体；所发展的理论和方法可以适用于不同来源的地幔层析成像的数据，可以用于探讨不同边界条件和地幔参数对应的地幔对流模型，也可以用于使用大地水准面异常检验对流模型。     

对"地幔对流"的几点质疑

地幔对流被认为是板块运动的驱动力源，但板块说提出35年来，始终未能阐明地幔对流是如何推动板块运动的，也未能证明地幔对流的存在。相反，却有观测与实物证据证明地幔对流并不存在。对地幔对流提出的质疑与剖析，将有助于地球动力学研究思路的扩展。     

地幔对流、地球自转速度变化与板块运动

本文介绍了地幔对流、地球自转速度变化与板块运动的相互关系。     

瞬态地幔对流引起的大尺度核幔边界起伏的数值模拟

利用2个较新的S波层析模型SEMUCB_WM1和S40RTS进行瞬态地幔对流在三维球坐标系下的数值模拟,得到全球大尺度核幔边界(core-mantle boundary,CMB)起伏,其幅度约为-5~5 km,形态分布主要表现为太平洋区域和非洲南部下方核幔边界的隆升及环绕这2个区域的核幔边界凹陷。     

陕西关中盆地地热资源及壳幔温度结构的地球物理分析

陕西关中盆地地下热水资源丰富,是中国典型的隐伏型中、低温地热资源分布区.为研究关中盆地中、低温地热系统形成机理,认识深部热源条件,利用地球物理方法分析了该区壳幔温度结构.结果表明:计算得到的居里面平均深度为25.0 km,莫霍面平均深度为36.6 km,地壳平均地温梯度为22.60℃·km-1,咸礼断阶、西安凹陷、固市...     

Three-stage tectonic subsidence and its implications for the evolution of conjugate margins of the southwest subbasin,South China Sea

To reveal the tectonic characteristics of the continental margins in the southwest subbasin(SWB) of the South China Sea,a long high-resolution seismic profile was studied using empty basin subsidence.We find that tectonic subsidence features on both margins are uniformly divided into three stages:(1) slow subsidence from Tg to 18.5 Ma(synrift stage);(2) extremely slow subsidence/uplift from18.5 to 16 Ma(spreading stage);and(3) accelerated subsidence from 16 to 0 Ma(post-spreading stage).This feature differs from the classic tectonic subsidence pattern of rifted basins,which exhibits fast subsidence during synrift stage and slow subsidence during the post-rift stage.The tectonic uplift occurred during the spreading stage and the magnitude increased from the continent to the ocean,which is likely related to mantle flow during seafloor spreading.We propose that lower crustal flow played a significant role in the tectonic evolution of the continental margins of the SWB.The lower crust of the SWB margins was warmer and therefore weaker,and more prone to flow beneath the faulting center,which compensated for the upper crustal thinning caused by brittle faulting during the synrift period and thus reduced the tectonic subsidence rate.During the spreading stage,faulting attenuated rapidly,and a necking zone appeared at the continentocean transition formed by lithospheric extension.With upwelling asthenosphere,small-scale secondary mantle convection occurred under the necking zone,which raised the continental margin isotherms and increased the buoyancy.Simultaneously,secondary mantle convection lifted the overriding crust,thus the overall subsidence rate decreased sharply or even reversed to uplift.After seafloor spreading,the effect of mantle convection faded away,and sediment loading drove the lower crust to flow landward.Thermal relaxation,lower crust flow,and vanish of secondary mantle convection together led to rapid subsidence in this stage.     

长江峡东地区构造应力场与地震活动的讨论

本文在分析峡东地区中、新生代构造应力场演化的基础上，根据构造形变、水系分布、震源机制与地球物理场特征和应力实测、模拟实验等多种途径综合分析了现代构造应力环境，认为本区现今处在大范围引张力背景上迭加了北东－南西向压应力的联合作用，由此决定了中强地震的活动特点及其发震断裂系统。     

青藏高原东南缘地幔对流与发震层应力场耦合关系分析

利用EGM2008重力模型的11~36阶球谐系数计算青藏高原东南缘岩石圈底面地幔对流应力场,收集整理青藏高原东南缘2000年至今的1 131个震源机制解数据,采用区域应力张量阻尼反演法得到该区芦山地震前和现今的发震层应力场,进一步分析2种应力场的相关性,探讨不同区域的力学耦合情况与强震发生的关系。结果表明：1)青藏高原东南缘大部分位于耦合与解耦的中间地带,耦合区域基本按块体分布,东侧华南块体强耦合,西北部藏北块体、巴颜喀拉块体和西南部滇西南块体部分耦合,解耦主要发生在松潘-甘孜块体附近,以龙门山断裂带连接强耦合的华南块体;2)分析孕震原因,提出青藏高原东南缘地幔对流应力场与发震层应力场耦合程度强弱交界处为地震危险性较高的区域,从现今耦合关系来看,龙门山断裂带仍处于耦合强度变化梯度非常大的区域,具备孕震储能条件,地震危险性较高。其他危险区域大致有：岷江断裂带附近、鲜水河-安宁河-则木河断裂带附近、红河断裂带及南汀河断裂带附近。     

热幔柱构造与地核热能

地核内部的压力和温度比以前人们的设想高得多。地核加热部分下地幔使之在地幔中升起形成热幔柱。有些热幔柱穿透岩石圈在地表形成热点，其余热幔柱消溶在上地幔形成热室。这是上地幔在结构和温度上不均匀的原因．也是激发控制全球变化的头等重要因素。