三峡库区某公路顺层岩质边坡变形特征分析

对于大量中小型岩质边坡，由于地质结构简单、边界条件清晰，加之施工周期短，不可能也没有必要对其开展较大规模勘探工程、进行全面系统研究，因此，数值模拟技术成为这类边坡变形破坏分析及治理工程验证的首选手段之一。本文利用离散单元方法(DEM)分析了三峡水库某公路顺层岩质边坡开挖变形破坏机制及其演变过程，并对工程治理效果进行模拟研究。该方法节约了工程周期及造价，应成为中小型岩质边坡治理工程设计的辅助措施。     

楞古水电站碎裂岩质边坡变形破坏模式研究

碎裂结构岩质边坡是地质工程中遇到的一种最不稳定边坡,其原岩松弛,结构面普遍张开,围岩自稳能力差,碎裂结构岩体出露不连续,空间分布存在差异,导致边坡破坏边界不明显,变形破坏机制很难确定。本文以雅砻江楞古水电站碎裂结构岩质边坡为例,在地质环境调查和平硐勘测的基础上,系统研究了碎裂岩体结构特征,分析了控制边坡变形破坏的边界条件和变形破坏模式,并运用UDEC离散元程序模拟验证。研究结果表明:碎裂岩质边坡的变形破坏主要受自身结构及内部相对长大结构面控制,变形演化过程依循应力调整、时效变形和局部失稳3个阶段,变形破坏模式分为断层主控底滑型和裂隙切割破坏型。目前针对碎裂结构岩质边坡研究相对较少,缺乏大型工程实例支撑,该研究成果为水利工程中这类边坡的研究提供了参考。     

三峡库区秀龙村反倾岩质边坡变形破坏机理分析

由于岩质边坡在长期的地质历史环境中接受改造,形成很多结构面(如层面、裂隙面、节理面),这些"预制的"结构面控制着边坡的变形与发展。在调研工程区域地质条件的基础上,研究了边坡开挖特征、边坡病害发生情况。对秀龙村边坡的节理裂隙开展了调查分析工作,基于玫瑰花图和赤平投影,结合边坡面产状,得到边坡潜在的破坏模式。以过程机制分析法为基础,分析秀龙村反倾岩质边坡的变形破坏的基本规律,追溯边坡演变的全过程,为库区节理岩质边坡地质灾害防治,提供借鉴依据。     

岩质边坡位移监测资料分析方法

对目前常用的几种自然、工程岩质边坡位移监测资料分析方法回归分析法、时间序列分析方法、灰色理论分析方法、非线性动力学分析方法和位移时空综合分析方法进行了简要评述,从他们的基本原理、适用条件及优缺点等几个方面进行了对比研究,并指出了岩质边坡位移监测资料分析方法的发展趋势,强调岩体结构对岩质边坡变形和破坏的控制作用,指出基于岩体变形破坏机制的岩质边坡位移监测资料综合分析方法是未来的发展趋势.     

含软弱夹层岩质边坡稳定性研究现状及发展趋势

含软弱夹层岩质边坡在自然环境和工程实践中都比较常见，稳定性差，边坡失稳产生了大量的滑坡灾害，造成大量人员伤亡和经济损失。因此，含软弱夹层岩质边坡稳定性研究一直是工程地质和岩土工程领域的研究重点之一。在收集整理国内外相关资料的基础上，从自重工况、开挖工况、暴雨和蓄水工况、地震工况方面总结了目前含软弱夹层岩质边坡稳定性的研究现状及进展，取得如下主要认识:(1)软弱夹层对岩质边坡稳定性有显著不利影响，含软弱夹层岩质边坡的稳定性比均质岩质边坡、不含软弱夹层的层状岩质边坡都差；(2)含软弱夹层岩质边坡的稳定性系数、变形特征和破坏模式与软弱夹层的含水状态、抗剪强度、倾角、厚度、间距、层数和边坡坡度有关；(3)开挖容易诱发坡体沿软弱夹层滑坡，含软弱夹层岩质边坡开挖后需要及时支护；(4)爆破层裂效应改变了软弱夹层与围岩的接触状态，减小了它们之间的凝聚力和摩擦力，导致边坡稳定性降低；(5)暴雨和蓄水都不利于含软弱夹层岩质边坡稳定；(6)岩质边坡地震动力响应和变形破坏特征受软弱夹层参数(厚度、倾角、含水状态)、地震波特性(地震波的类型、幅值、频率、激振方向)和边坡结构(顺层或反倾)共同影响；(7)在软弱夹层对水平向动力响应的放大或减弱作用及厚层软弱夹层的消能减震作用方面仍然存在不同观点。在此基础上，分析了研究方法的优缺点，指出当前含软弱夹层岩质边坡稳定性研究存在的问题。最后，针对该领域的研究现状，提出了未来的研究重点和方向，主要包括:含多层软弱夹层岩质边坡的渐进性变形破坏过程和稳定性；全面深入研究单因素作用(开挖卸荷、爆破、地震、暴雨、库水位变化、地下水等)对含软弱夹层岩质边坡稳定性的影响机制；多因素耦合作用下含软弱夹层岩质边坡稳定性；支挡结构体系对含多层软弱夹层高陡岩质边坡的加固机制。     

顺向岩质高边坡分级开挖的变形破坏特征研究

以岩质高边坡的野外调查成果为基础,分析了边坡的岩体结构特征和控制边坡稳定性的主要地质要素,依据自然边坡的变形破坏现状定性分析,预测边坡开挖过程中可能出现的宏观变形破坏模式和特征.利用基于有限差分原理的FLAC3D建立坝肩边坡的地质模型,对工程边坡开挖支护过程进行数值法定量研究,得出了工程边坡开挖过程中的应力、位移变化规律和边坡岩体破坏特征.研究成果为苗家坝水电站左坝肩的分级开挖施工提供了依据.     

岩质边坡声发射特征及失稳预报判据研究

在分析岩质边坡失稳过程中岩体力学性质和声发射产生的微观机理基础上,通过岩石声发射试验和岩质边坡声发射监测实例,研究了岩质边坡声发射特征,提出了岩质边坡失稳破坏的基本力学分类及其声发射的监测预报方法和判据,实现对岩质边坡失稳的预测预报。研究结果表明,边坡破坏前存在一次或多次声发射高峰。应用AE技术可以确定边坡在变形过程中应力集中活跃区;以抗滑力减小为主的岩质边坡,其失稳预报判据为大事件率在15次/ min以上,预报时间为几分钟至数小时。以下滑力增大为主的岩质边坡失稳的预报判据为大事件率在26次/ min以上,破坏时间为第一次声发射峰值期后的30～45 d。     

复杂岩质边坡的破坏类型及稳定性分析

复杂岩质边坡主要受结构面发育状态控制形成多种类型的变形破坏模式,与土质边坡迥异。本文以招商局漳州开发区11号山西段边坡为例,基于现场地质调查,对其主要节理面进行统计分析和变形模式评判,并对圆弧滑动破坏、楔形体破坏、平面滑动破坏及滚石破坏等各种破坏类型进行定量化评价,进而对边坡整体稳定性进行分析评价,为治理该复杂岩质边坡提出合理化建议,并总结形成复杂岩质边坡稳定性分析的评价思路和基本流程。     

单一滑面边坡的非稳定蠕变模型分析

对单一滑面边坡的非稳定蠕变分析是边坡稳定性研究的基础。文中对岩质边坡单一滑面的流变变形机制进行了分析，提出了一种能较好反映这一变形机制的非稳定蠕变模型。特别是描述单一滑面边坡的非稳定蠕变破坏阶段，并对其稳定性进行了讨论。结合一些工程实例进行了对比验证，为滑坡灾害的预测和防治提供依据。     

岩质边坡锚喷加固应用中的几个问题

锚喷加固岩质边坡应用越来越广泛，但设计与施工尚未规范化，导致实施中存在一些问题。结合工程实例，分析了岩质边坡的破坏特性、锚喷加固机理及设计中存在的一些问题。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861