金马-聚源地区中深层成藏条件及勘探前景

笔者通过对四川盆地川西坳陷金马-聚源地区中深层成藏条件的地质综合研究，认为金马地区中深层油气成藏主要有四个有利条件；（1）上三叠统须空河组具有充足的气源；（2）适时的燕山期古圈闭；（3）良好的辫状河三角洲砾-砂-泥储盖组合；（4）喜马拉雅期断层、裂缝对储集层的改善作用，从而进一步确立了该构造中沉层为受燕山古隆起和有利岩相带控制的岩性-构造复合圈闭类型的气藏，指出了金马及春以西地区是龙门山中深层天然气勘探的重点，为龙门山中深层天然气勘探开发指明了方向。     

大邑构造裂缝与成藏浅析

大邑构造位于川西拗陷中段到南段的过渡带,既是龙门山推覆构造带与成都拗陷的盆山接合部,沉积上又是须家河组相区与香溪群相区的相变带。已有勘探成果研究表明,大邑构造油气成藏的烃源与储集等基础地质条件优越,但多期构造影响显著,形成了三个具不同特征的成藏类型,是一个受多期裂缝控制,经历了多期构造运动改造,地质条件复杂的气藏。     

山前复杂构造须家河组致密储层裂缝发育带综合预测

川西龙门山山前的须家河组气藏为受断层和构造控制的裂缝-岩性气藏,针对这类裂缝性复杂气藏利用基于地质成因的地史时期应力场(应变)分析、沿层构造属性分析和叠前三维地震数据相干体分析等手段进行分析处理可以达到气藏裂缝发育带预测目的.实践表明,虽然在山前复杂构造带利用地震资料研究储层裂缝及其发育带确实有较大的难度,但联合运用基于应力场和断层与构造属性的裂缝综合预测方法,仍然在龙门山前须家河组气藏的应用研究中取得到令人满意的地质效果.     

洛带气田上侏罗统遂宁组沉积相及含气地震响应特征

洛带遂宁组气藏为新发现气藏,已提交天然气探明储量上百亿立方米。洛带遂宁组沉积环境以季节性浅水湖为主,发育进积型三角洲前缘亚相沉积,有利的沉积微相是三角洲前缘水下分流河道、河口砂坝和席状砂。物源来自川西坳陷西侧的龙门山,其中坳陷东坡的新都—洛带地区处于中部的砂泥岩互层的三角洲相带,在斜坡带上形成了大型的遂宁组岩性圈闭。洛带地区遂宁组具有多套储盖组合,又靠近下伏烃源岩,对天然气的富集和保存十分有利。通过合成记录的标定J、ason反演表明,遂宁组含气砂岩的地震响应模式为“强波谷、中—强波峰,低波阻抗”模式;砂泥互层型的地震响应是“强中弱”。该大型岩性气藏的发现,说明川西地区浅层气仍然具有大的勘探前景,遂宁组气藏将是浅层扩展评价勘探和风险勘探的重要目标。     

四川盆地西北地区构造变形特征、演化及油气地质意义

近年来川西北山前坳陷地区中二叠统天然气勘探取得重大突破,激发了勘探工作者向更大区域和更多层系探索的愿望。为了给下一步油气勘探提供依据与参考,本文系统讨论了川西北南华纪以来的盆地性质、构造—沉积格局及油气成藏条件。川西北经历了南华纪—早古生代、晚古生代—三叠纪、侏罗纪—新生代3大演化阶段,现今构造格局受燕山期龙门山、米仓山造山带以及向盆地逆冲推覆形成的冲断系统控制。其中龙门山北段冲断系统总体表现为由造山带向盆地方向扩展的“前列式”构造变形,在盆山结合位置,深部构造楔向造山带方向消减了大部分位移,造成前渊坳陷部位构造变形急剧减弱。川西北燕山期前陆盆地之下保存了南华纪—中奥陶世和泥盆纪—中三叠世两期完整、连续的裂陷层序与被动大陆边缘层序,具有优越的油气成藏条件。中-晚侏罗世—早白垩世龙门山与米仓山急剧隆升并向盆地大规模推覆,造成前渊坳陷内的海相层系急速埋藏增温,进入成藏高峰。由于山前冲断带自中-晚侏罗世（～160 Ma）以来处于抬升和剥蚀状态,而前渊坳陷始终处于埋藏状态,油气保存条件要优于山前冲断带,因此是深层—超深层油气勘探的重点地区。     

试论龙门山逆冲推覆作用的沉积响应─—以成都盆地为例

本文根据现今龙门山前陆盆地（成都盆地）沉积特征和龙门山冲断带第四纪以来的逆冲推覆事件，研究了龙门山逆冲推覆作用对成都盆地沉积的控制作用和成都盆地沉积对龙门山逆冲推覆作用的响应，总结了龙门山冲断带逆冲推覆作用的沉积响应模式和地层标识，为研究龙门山冲断带地质演化提供了新的思路和方法。     

论龙门山前陆盆地与龙门山造山带的耦合关系

论龙门山前陆盆地与龙门山造山带的耦合关系李勇（成都理工学院沉积地质研究所,成都６１００５９）关键词盆山耦合沉积响应地层标识造山作用成盆作用前陆盆地造山带大陆动力学是当今地球科学研究的前沿课题,造山带及其毗邻盆地是研究大陆构造的两个最重要的构造单元,因...     

平衡剖面技术在龙门山中段构造解释中的应用

龙门山推覆冲断带地形条件恶劣,构造断裂复杂,阻碍了该区油气资源的勘探进程。为搞清龙门山推覆冲断带下的构造样式,验证其构造解释方案,应用平衡剖面技术,对龙门山中段具典型构造特征的地质、地震综合解释剖面进行平衡恢复。实例分析证明,平衡剖面技术可正确指导龙门山中段构造剧烈变形区的构造解释方案,并可定性、定量分析构造变形期次和变形程度,为下一步油气勘探提供可靠依据。      

龙门山前陆盆地形成与演化

本文将龙门山前陆盆地和龙门山冲断带作为一个地质整体进行了研究，并将构造地层学和层序地层学相结合的综合地层学的分析方法作为分析龙门山前陆盆地沉积的基础，以不整合面和其对应面将盆地充填序列分割为构造层序和层序，对应于不同成盆期和同一成盆期不同演化阶段，阐明龙门山前陆盆地充填序列和沉积体积三维空间配置形式及其在时间上的演化，初步建立了龙门山前陆盆地地层格架，进而研究龙门山冲断带逆部推覆作用对龙门山前陆盆     

四川盆地东北部上三叠统须家河组四段物源分析

四川盆地东北部地区上三叠统须家河组须四段是油气勘探的重点层段,该地区的沉积受到多物源的影响.通过对研究区重矿物、碎屑组分、岩屑成分和古水流方向的分析,最终确定了研究区须四段的物源来自龙门山、大巴山和米仓山3个方向.其中,元坝西部地区物源来自于龙门山褶皱带方向;元坝东部地区物源来自大巴山褶皱带东南部方向;元坝中部部分地区表现为龙门山和大巴山的混合堆积;通南巴西部地区物源来自米仓山褶皱带方向,通南巴东部物源表现为大巴山和米仓山的混合堆积.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.     

郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论

据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

塘口水电站坝基岩体透水性和渗漏问题分析

塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Calculation of the Inverse of the Covariance

In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

Artemia in the Salt Lakes of Russia:the Productivity of Populations,the Reserves of the Cysts and the Fisheries

正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the