Speciation of adsorbed arsenate on the surface of hydrous iron oxide

Adsorption of arsenate on hydrous iron oxide is an important process controlling geochemical cycling of arsenic in environment as well as the fate of arsenic-bearing mining wastes. The widely accepted view on the mechanism of adsorption is that arsenate is adsorbed via bidentate binuclear inner-sphere complexation. In this study, we characterized the arsenate-hydrous iron oxide sorption solids synthesized at pH=3-8 using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. It has been determined that poorly crystalline ferric arsenate developed on the surface of iron oxide when arsenate was sorbed at acidic pH, while at alkaline pH the adsorption of arsenate was via bidentate complexation.     

Search condition of purification materials and their proper processing for the rapid infiltration method

The purpose of this study is to do an experiment in finding conditions of search purification materials and the way of their proper processing for the rapid infiltration method. It seems that this result makes an index of further selection of a purification material. This experiment is to conduct sorption tests of fulvic acid and phosphoric acid regarding Kanuma-soil （volcanic ash soil） with iron oxide and aluminum oxide, to fred relationship between sorption coefficients and heating temperature, concentrations of iron and aluminum. The sorption experiment on heated and unheated materials was conducted at 25℃ in a dark place at the solid to liquid ratio of 1 ： 2.5. The liquid is simulated river water. According to the result of the study, a deference was found of the best heating temperature between sorption coefficients of fulvic acid and phosphoric acid. The peak of a sorption coefficient of fulvic acid is 800℃, however the peak of a sorption coefficient of phosphoric acid is 400℃. In the case of fulvic acid, it is high sorption coefficients when Kanuma-soil with aluminum oxide is unheated and heated as 400℃. However, sorption coefficients when Kanuma-soil with iron oxide is not conspicuously different when heated, and coefficients are descended gradually more than 600℃. Sorption coefficients of unheated Kanuma-soil are descended when adding iron oxide. When heating temperature is higher, pH of water is higher. High pH causes to descend sorption coefficient, however it is remarkable result that sorption coefficient is ascended at 800℃. In the case of phosphoric acid, it is high sorption coefficient when Kanuma-soil is heated at 400℃, and Kanuma-soil with aluminum oxide is heated between 200℃ and 400℃. Sorption coefficients of Kanuma-soil with iron oxide are the highest when unheated, but sorption coefficients of Kanuma-soil with iron oxide are the highest when heated.     

Sorption of phenanthrene on the complexes of kaolinite and different organic component

Sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals by various components influences their behavior and fate in environment. In the natural environment, mineral components, organic matter and microorganism didn＇t exist alone. They combined or reacted one another and formed the mineral-humic, mineral-microorganic and mineral- humic- microorganic complexes. A clear understanding of the sorption of organic chemicals by the complexes of mineral and humic acid and/or microorganism will help to determine their sorptive mechanisms in environment. In this paper, the sorption patterns of phenanthrene on the complexes of kaolinite and different organic component （humic acid and microorganism） have been carried on. The results show that the combination of HA and kaolinite not only changed the structure of HA, but also modified the surface chemistry of clay mineral. Interaction between HA and kaolinite is presumably ascribable to coulombic interactions and ligand exchange between the -COOH groups of HA and OH groups at the kaolinite surface. During the sorption on mineral surface, aliphatic fractions of HA were preferentially sored by kaolinite while aromatic fractions were left in the solution. More linear isotherms and higher Koc values were observed for kaolinite-HA complex in comparison of the pure HA. The sorption capacity of kaolinite-HA complex increased with increasing ionic strength and pH, and showed more nonlinear character. Kaolinite, microorganism and kaolinite-microorganism complex can all sorb phenanthrene, but the sorption capacity significantly differed. Bacterial cell sorbed more phenanthrene than kaolinite. The biofllm coating of kaolinite affected its sorption to phenanthrene. Kaolinite with biolfilm coating sorbed more phenanthrene than that without biofilm coating. The sorption capacity of kaolinite-microorganism complex decreased with increasing ionic strength and decreasing pH, but showed more nonlinear character. Both HA and microorganism can alter the nature of kaolinite sorbing phenanthrene respectively.     

Removal of Lead,Copper, Zinc and Cadmium from Water Using Phosphate Rock

Removal of Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, Zn^2＋ and Cd^2＋ from aqueous solutions by sorption on a natural phosphate rock （FAP） was investigated. The effects of the contact time and initial metal concentration were examined in the batch method. The percentage sorption of heavy metals from solution ranges generally between 50% and 99%. The amount of sorbed metal ions follows the order Cu〉Pb〉Cd〉Zn. Heavy metal immobilization was attributed to both surface complexation of metal ions on the surface of FAP grains and partial dissolution and precipitation of a heavy metal-containing phosphate. The very low desorption ratio of heavy metals further supports the effectiveness of FAP as an alternative and low-cost material to remove toxic Pb^2＋, Cu^2＋, Zn^2＋ and Cd^2＋ from polluted waters.     

Removal of Lead, Copper, Zinc and Cadmium from Water Using Phosphate Rock

Removal of Pb2 ,Cu~(2 ),Zn~(2 )and Cd~(2 )from aqueous solutions by sorption on a natural phosphate rock(FAP)was investigated.The effects of the contact time and initial metal concentration were examined in the batch method.The percentage sorption of heavy metals from solution ranges generally between 50% and 99%.The amount of sorbed metal ions follows the order Cu>Pb>Cd>Zn. Heavy metal immobilization was attributed to both surface complexation of metal ions on the surface of FAP grains and partial dissolution and precipitation of a heavy metal-containing phosphate.The very low desorption ratio of heavy metals further supports the effectiveness of FAP as an alternative and low-cost material to remove toxic Pb~(2 ),Cu~(2 ),Zn~(2 )and Cd~(2 )from polluted waters.     

Study on the Electrical Conductivity of 0.025 mol NaCl Solution at 0.25-3.75 GPa and 20-370℃

The electrical conductance of 0.025 mol NaCl solution was measured at0.25-3.75 GPa and 20-370℃. As shown by the results, the conductance increases with temper-ature, and there is a liner relation between the reciprocal of temperature and the logarithm ofthe conductance but their slopes are different at different pressures. The relations between theconductance and pressure is rather complex and there are some discontinuities: in the range of2.25-3.75 GPa, the conductance increases with the pressure; in the range of 1.25-2.0 GPa, theconductance is not related to the pressure; and at a pressure of 0.75 GPa, the conductance ishigher than that at the pressures nearby. This reflects that the NaCl solution has rather differentproperties of electronic chemistry at various pressures, and probably is an important cause forthe existence of the layers with high electrical conductance and low velocity in the Earth's crustand mantle.     

Environmental geochemistry of arsenic in sediment-water interface of Poyang Lake, China

Environmental pollution is one of the vertical problems faced in the 21 century. There are numbers of lakes located in China. Poyang Lake, which is the largest freshwater lake in China, is the famous representation. The environmental geochemistry of trace and ultra-trace element As in the sediment-water interface （SWI） of Poyang Lake was investigated in detail. Solutions presented in the project can be summarized as follows： it is the first time to discover that the ：nasking agent of 8-hydroxyquinoline was found to be an efficient agent to eliminate the interference of transition metals in the determination of arsenic species, especially to eliminate As （Ⅴ） emission with high selection in the matrix of As （Ⅲ） and As （Ⅴ） coexisting solution. A sensitive and interference-free procedure has been successfully established for the arsenic speciation on As （Ⅲ）, As （Ⅴ）, Asorg in pore water samples using flowing injection hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry （FI-HG-AFS）. It was observed that the concentrations of arsenic species in porewaters were relatively high. With the variation of the redox in sediments, it is easy to cause the second pollution in overlying waters for their upward diffusion. Arsenic is mainly absorbed onto iron and manganese oxyhydroxides in controlling the behavior of As. The effect factors of the transfer, cycle of arsenic are the redox condition at SWI, disturbance, and microbial action, etc.     

Tropospheric pyruvate changes in the remote area of northwestern China

Pyruvate is a light carboxylate in the troposphere and can act as potential cloud condensation nuclei. Due to its low concentrations, however, little work has been done on the species in precipitation. Past 43-year record of pyruvate was recovered from an ice core of Glacier 1 at 43°06′N and 86°49′E in the remote East Tianshan, northwestern China. It was revealed that pyruvate varied over a relatively large range with some below the detection limit, while part of it is so high as to be up to 70 ng·g-1. With an average concentration of 4.1 ± 8.1 ng·g-1 (mean ± 1σ, N=543), pyruvate is a minor species in comparison with other carboxylates. It is also low as compared with its precipitation in other parts of the world, suggesting a difference in its major source flux. The record revealed high pyruvate concentrations in the late halves of the 1950s and 1980s, but low in the late 1950s, late 1970s, and middle 1990s. The variation trend in the past 43 years is closely correlated with that of acetate, a major carboxylate from anthropogenic pollution to the atmosphere, indicating that tropospheric pyruvate in the remote area of northwestern China is probably a by-product in acetate formation.     

Short term validated geochemical model of CO2 sequestration

In this work we present a new approach to modeling the effects of CO2 sequestration that was tested in the Weyburn test site. The Weyburn oil-pull is recovered from Midale Beds （at 1300-1500 m depth）. This formation consists of Mississippian shallow marine evaporific carbonates that can be divided into two units： （1） the dolomific ＂Marly＂ and ii） the underlying calcitic ＂Vuggy＇, sealed by an anhydrite cap-rock. Presently, about 3 billions mc of supercrifical CO2 have been injected into the ＂Phase Al＂ injection area. The aim of our model is to reconstruct （1） the chemical composition of the reservoir; （2） the geochemical evolution of the reservoir with time as CO2 is injected and （3） the boundary conditions. The geochemical modeling was performed by using the code PRHEEQC （V2.11） software package. The ＂primitive brine＂ composition was calculated on the basis of the chemical equilibriums among the various phases, assuming reservoir equilibrium conditions for the mineral assemblage with respect to a Na-Cl （Cl/Na= 1.2） water, at T of 62℃ and P of 150 bars via thermodynamic corrections to the code database. A comparison between the chemical composition of the ＂primitive brine＂ and that analytically determined on water samples collected before the CO2 injection shows an agreement within 10%. Furthermore, we computed the kinetic evolution of the reservoir by considering the local equilibrium and the kinetically controlled reactions while taking it into account the CO2 injected during four years of monitoring. The calculated chemical composition after CO2 injection is consistent with the analytical data of samples collected in 2004, with the exception of calcium and magnesium contents.     

Eu3+水合离子在纳米二氧化硅表面的吸附与结构

采用发射光谱研究了不同pH和不同Eu初始浓度条件下,Eu在纳米二氧化硅-水界面的吸附特征。研究发现,当pH低时,Eu在纳米二氧化硅表面的吸附很少,随着pH的增加,Eu在纳米二氧化硅表面的吸附急剧增加,当出〉6时,几乎所有Eu都被吸附。研究同时表明,吸附在纳米二氧化硅与水界面的Eu离子种类也取决于pH值：当pH〈5时,吸附的Eu主要为Eu^3＋水合离子,当pH〉5时,吸附的Eu主要为Eu（CO3）^＋,甚至Eu（CO3）2^-离子。吸附的机理除了静电吸引外,更重要的是这些离子与纳米二氧化硅表面形成化学键,即表面化学吸附。     

Sorption of Eu(III)/Cm(III) on Ca-montmorillonite and Na-illite. Part 1: Batch sorption and time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy experiments

Sorption of Cm(III) and Eu(III) at trace concentrations onto Ca-montmorillonite (SWy-1) and Na-illite (Illite du Puy) has been studied under anaerobic conditions by batch sorption experiments and time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). Comparison of the results from spectroscopic and batch sorption experiments with Cm and Eu indicates the existence of outer-sphere complexes at pH <4 in the experiments with Na-illite (0.25 g/L solid; 2.5 × 10⁻⁷ mol/L Cm; 0.1 mol/L NaClO₄). In the case of Ca-montmorillonite, (0.25 g/L solid, 2.5 × 10⁻⁷ mol/L Cm or 10⁻⁶ mol/L Eu, 0.066 mol/L Ca(ClO₄)₂), Cm/Eu outer-sphere complexes do not form at significant levels due to the Ca²⁺ competition for the clay mineral cation-exchange sites. TRLFS spectra indicate the formation of inner-sphere surface complexes at pH >5 for both clay minerals. Five H₂O/OH⁻ molecules remain in the first metal ion coordination sphere of the sorbed Eu/Cm. Measured fluorescence lifetimes of sorbed Eu/Cm and peak deconvolution of Cm-spectra are consistent with the formation of surface complexes of the form ≡S-O-Eu/Cm(OH)_x^(2−x)(H₂O)_5−x. At pH ≥ 12 Cm becomes incorporated into a surface precipitate at the Ca-montmorillonite surface presumably composed of Ca(OH)₂ or calcium silicate hydrate. A dramatic shift of the fluorescence emission band by more than 20 nm and a clear increase in the fluorescence lifetime suggests the almost complete displacement of coordinated H₂O and OH⁻. The pH dependent Eu sorption data obtained in batch experiments are consistent with spectroscopic data on Eu and Cm within experimental uncertainties thus demonstrating the validity of Eu as a homologue for trivalent actinides. Parameterization of a two-site protolysis nonelectrostatic surface complexation and cation exchange model using the batch sorption data and spectroscopic results is discussed in Part 2 of this work.     

Polarized XANES and EXAFS spectroscopic investigation into copper(II) complexes on vermiculite

Interaction of heavy metals with clay minerals can dominate solid-solution reactions in soil, controlling the fate of the metals in the environment. In this study we used powdered and polarized extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) to investigate Cu sorbed on Llano vermiculite and compare the results to reported Cu sorption mechanism on Wyoming (WY) smectite and reduced South African (SA) vermiculite. Analysis of the Cu K-edge spectra revealed that Cu sorbed on Llano vermiculite at high ionic strength (I) has the greatest degree of covalent bond character, followed by Cu sorbed on montmorillonite at high I, and Cu sorbed on reduced SA vermiculite at high I. Cu sorbed on clay minerals at low I has the least covalent character. EXAFS data from Cu sorbed Ca- and K-equilibrated Llano vermiculites showed the presence of a second-shell Al, Si, or Mg backscatterer at 3.02 Å. This distance is consistent with Cu sorbing via a corner-sharing monodentate or bidentate bond. Polarized XANES and EXAFS results revealed that the angle between the Cu atom and the mineral sorption sites is 68° with respect to the [001] direction. From the bond angle and the persistence of the second-shell backscatterer when the interlayer is collapsed (K-equilibration), we conclude that Cu adsorption on the Llano vermiculite is not occurring in the interlayer but rather Cu is adsorbing onto the edges of the vermiculite. Results from this research provide evidence that Cu forms inner-sphere and outer-sphere complexes on clay minerals, and does not form the vast multinuclear surface precipitates that have been observed for Co, Zn, and Ni.     

甘肃西部红柳峡火山颈火山岩地球化学特征及意义

红柳峡火山颈是甘肃西部中生代以来唯一且保存完好的陆相火山口,颈内主要由玄武粗安岩充填,其w(SiO2)=51.79%～52.57%,w(Al2O3)=15.22%～16.38%,w(Na2O+K2O)=6.0%～7.00%,w(Na2O)>w(K2O),w(MgO)=5.02%～6.44%,Mg#=57～65,显示高铝、富镁及富钠贫钾之特征。区内火山岩形成于陆内伸展构造背景,源于过渡型地幔,Zr=254.2×10-6～290.2×10-6、Hf=5.595×10-6～6.313×10-6,Nb=30.85×10-6～34.52×10-6,Zr/Y=9.85～10.15,Hf/Th=0.98～1.04,Hf/Ta=3.05～3.20。Zr/Nb=8.24～8.63,接近于地壳平均值,表明在岩浆作用过程中可能发生过地壳混染作用。火山岩ΣREE含量高(294.49×10-6～334.04×10-6),并表现出轻稀土明显富集且轻稀土元素之间具明显的分馏作用,LREE/HREE=13.78～14.81,(La/Yb)N为18.99～21.56,重稀土元素之间分馏相对较弱,表现为重稀土分布曲线较为平坦,(Gd/Yb)N为2.58～2.73,无明显的Eu异常(δEu=0.93～0.99)和Ce异常(δCe=0.97～1.00),表明在岩浆演化过程中斜长石并未发生分离结晶作用以及上地壳物质的混染作用。可明显区分出早白垩世、晚白垩世及古近纪三期火山岩,表明火山颈形成时间为古近纪。红柳峡火山岩形成时代、构造属性及动力学背景的确定对于研究阿尔金断裂、北祁连北缘断裂有着十分重要的意义。     

内蒙古苏尼特左旗巴音乌拉二叠纪埃达克质花岗闪长岩类地球化学特征及其地质意义

内蒙古苏尼特左旗巴音乌拉二叠纪花岗闪长岩、石英闪长岩分布于二连-贺根山蛇绿岩带的北侧,1∶20万区域地质调查将其归于华力西晚期侵入体(γδ4(3)).经研究,该岩体具高铝(Al2O3=13.69%～16.48%)、富钠(Na2O＝3.53%～4.58%)、贫钾(K2O＝2.12%～4.10%)、高锶(Sr＝425.1×10-6～645.2×10-6)的特点,SiO2=62.13%～72.87%,Y＜18×10-6(7.23×10-6～14.29×10-6),δEu＝0.71～0.83,轻重稀土元素分馏强烈,稀土元素配分曲线为右倾斜型,铕异常不明显,为典型的埃达克质岩.在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图中具明显Sr高峰和Nb低谷,有与埃达克岩一致的曲线,与岛弧安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩及大陆弧安山岩-英安岩-流纹岩有明显差异.花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为256.1±0.9 Ma,为早二叠世岩浆活动的产物.Mg#值很高(＞50),表明晚古生代洋壳向北俯冲时在75～85 km深度(角闪岩相与榴辉岩相过渡相)发生部分熔融形成埃达克质熔体,侵入地壳形成埃达克岩.     

Uranyl sorption species at low coverage on Al-hydroxide: TRLFS and XAFS studies

Detailed understanding of the respective roles of solution and surface parameters on the reactions at uranyl solution/Al-(hydr)oxide interfaces is crucial to model accurately the behaviour of U in nature. We report studies on the effects of the initial aqueous uranyl speciation in moderately acidic solutions, e.g. of mononuclear, polynuclear uranyl species and/or (potential) U(VI) colloids, on the sorption of U by large surface areas of amorphous Al-hydroxide. Investigations by Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) and Time-Resolved Laser-induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TRLFS) reveal similar U coordination environments on Al-hydroxide for low to moderate U loadings of sorption samples obtained at pH 4-5, independently of the presence of mononuclear or polynuclear aqueous species, or of the potential instability of initial solutions favoring true U-colloids formation. EXAFS data can be interpreted in terms of a dimeric, bidentate, inner-sphere uranyl surface complex as an average of the U surface structures. TRLFS data, however, provide valuable insights into the complex U surface speciation. They indicate multiple uranyl surface species under moderately acidic conditions, as predominant mononuclear and/or dinuclear, inner-sphere surface complexes and as additional minor species having U atoms in a uranyl (hydr)oxide-like coordination environment. The additional species probably occur as surface polymers and/or as adsorbed true U colloids, depending on the aqueous U concentration level (1-100 μM). These results are of importance because they suggest that Al-hydroxide surface characteristics strongly control uranyl surface species in moderately acidic systems.     

内蒙古道郎呼都格地区A型花岗岩年代学、地球化学及地质意义

道郎呼都格钾长花岗岩体位于华北克拉通北缘白乃庙构造带。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年获得139.6±1.7Ma岩体侵位年龄。岩体富硅(SiO₂=75.79%~78.07%)、富碱(K₂O+Na₂O=7.39%~8.29%)、贫钙(CaO=0.22%~0.59%);稀土配分曲线呈现"海鸥式"分布特征,显示强烈的Eu负异常(δEu =0.03~0.12);微量元素特征显示具有较高Ga(21.2×10^-6~26.6×10^-6)、Zr(173×10^-6~417×10^-6)、Nb(32.3×10^-6~42.4×10^-6)和Y(24.6×10^-6~53.9×10^-6)含量,较低的Sr(14×10^-6~44×10^-6)、Ba(18×10^-6~211×10^-6)含量,在微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上显示明显的Ba、Sr、P、Eu和Ti的负异常。以上特征表明道郎呼都格钾长花岗岩为A型花岗岩,为高温低压下长英质地壳的部分熔融及其后长石、榍石等的分离结晶作用的产物。结合区域构造演化,本文认为该区钾长花岗岩形成于板内伸展背景。在晚中生代期间,华北板块北缘的构造体制经历了重要的转变,由挤压体制转变为岩石圈减薄和地壳伸展,在伸展体制下,软流圈地幔上涌对上覆长英质地壳的直接加热作用促使其部分熔融形成该区A型花岗岩。     

塔东北库鲁克塔格中上寒武统白云岩岩石学、地球化学特征与成因探讨——与加拿大西部盆地惠而浦(Whirlpoolpoint)剖面对比

通过对比研究塔里木盆地东北缘库鲁克塔格隆起的乌里格孜塔格剖面与加拿大西部盆地寒武系白云岩的岩石学、地球化学及流体包裹体等特征,阐明了前者经历了三次主要白云岩(化)作用事件.①成岩早期-浅埋藏的粉细晶白云岩作用,Sr为42.75×10-6,Mn为315×10-6 ～506×10-6,Fe为0.2650％ ～0.403％;δ13 CpDB=一0.47‰ ～-0.28‰,δ18OPDB=-7.3‰ ～-7.43‰,87Sr/86Sr=0.71085;平均REE=18.84×10-6,δEu平均为0.66、δCe平均为0.81,估算的形成温度分别为47.6℃和55.12℃;②中(深)埋藏的细晶及中(粗)晶白云岩化作用;Sr为56.27×10-6,Mn为312×10-6,Fe为0.13％;δ13CPDB=-1.5‰,δ18OPDB=-8.5‰,87Sr/86Sr=0.7100; REE=18.08×10-6,δEu平均为0.72、δCe平均为0.77,盐水包裹体中的均一温度平均为108.34℃,盐度变化为4％～13.7％ NaCleqv;③沿裂隙或溶洞形成的粗-巨晶或鞍形的热液白云岩(石)交代充填:Sr为29.1×10-6 ～49.9×10-6,Mn为498×10-6～754×10-6,Fe为0.15％ ～ 1.14％;平均δ13 CPDB=-0.48‰,δ18OPDB=-8.82‰,87Sr/86Sr=0.70996;平均REE=15.08×10-6,δEu平均为0.70、δCe平均为0.78;鞍形白云石中的盐水包裹体的均一温度120～150℃,盐度为5％ ～ 12％ NaCleqv;溶洞中的粗-巨晶白云岩盐水包裹体的均一温度140～180℃,盐度为5％ ～ 18％ NaCleqv;与西加盆地惠而浦(Whirlpool point)剖面典型的热液白云岩相比较,乌里格孜塔格剖面中寒武系白云岩中缝洞中的粗-巨晶及鞍形白云石中的碳氧同位素、稀土总量、轻重稀土比均要高,但有序度、δEu、δCe、盐水包裹体形成温度及盐度相对低;因而推断它与西加盆地典型的岩浆期后热液来源不同,其流体来源于沿深部伸展走滑断裂-再循环地层热卤水,与海西晚期或燕山期-喜马拉雅期强烈挤压后弱伸展引起的二期或以上的压扭-走滑构造有关.     

Sorption of Eu on Na- and Ca-montmorillonites: experimental investigations and modelling with cation exchange and surface complexation

The 2-site protolysis no electrostatics surface complexation and cation exchange (2SPNE/CE) model used in previous work to model the sorption of Ni and Zn on Na- and Ca-montmorillonites was applied to sorption edges and isotherms measured for Eu on these two montmorillonite forms. The aim was to further test the applicability of the sorption model on a trivalent element with a more complex aqueous chemistry. An additional reason for choosing Eu was that it is considered to be a good chemical analogue for other lanthanides and trivalent actinides. With site types, site capacities, and protolysis constants fixed at the values in the Ni/Zn studies, all of the measured sorption edge data could be modelled using cation exchange and the monodentate surface species, ≡S^SOEu²⁺, ≡S^SOEuOH⁺ and ≡S^SOEu(OH)₃⁻, on the strong site type. However, an additional modelling study showed that the same data were almost equally well described by considering bidentate surface complexes, (≡S^SO)₂Eu⁺ and (≡S^SO)₂Eu(OH)₂⁻, and cation exchange. To model the sorption isotherm measurements up to pH = 7.2, only one additional weak site surface complex was required, ≡S^W1OEu²⁺ for the monodentate case and (≡S^W1O)₂Eu⁺ for the bidentate case. Selectivity coefficients are given for Eu³⁺- Ca²⁺ and Eu³⁺- Na⁺ exchange on the planar sites and surface complexation constants for monodentate and bidentate Eu surface species on the edge sites of montmorillonite.     

塔里木盆地西北缘早二叠世后碰撞花岗质岩浆活动及其构造意义

塔里木地块西北缘的阔什布拉克钾长花岗岩富碱(Na_2O+K_2O平均8.36%8%),富钾(K_2O/Na_2O=1.27～1.47),准铝质(A/CNK=0.82～0.88),属于高钾钙碱性系列岩浆岩。岩石的稀土含量较高(∑REE=263.90×10~(-6)～445.75×10~(-6)),富集Th、U、Ta、Nb、Hf和Y等高场强元素和大离子亲石元素Rb,具有强的负Eu异常(δEu=0.003～0.019),富集高不相容元素(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y=368×10~(-6)～531×10~(-6)350×10~(-6)),高Ga(Ga/Al×10 000=4.17～4.722.6),显示出A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。岩石Th/U比值(平均为3.86)、Nb/Ta比值(平均为12.75)和Rb-Th富集、Ti亏损指示其壳源成因。对花岗岩进行的LA-ICP-MS微区原位锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,花岗岩的结晶侵位年龄为275.4±2.8 Ma。综合西南天山与塔里木盆地早二叠世花岗质岩浆活动的特点,认为早二叠世西南天山的后碰撞岩浆活动不仅在西南天山内部引起了强烈的花岗质岩浆活动,而且对塔里木地块西北边缘的花岗质岩浆活动也有显著的影响。阔什布拉克A型花岗岩也说明西南天山地区的碰撞造山作用在275.4±2.8 Ma之前已经趋于结束,以南天山洋盆为代表的古亚洲洋已基本结束了其演化历史。