Experimental study on deformation of remolded sulfate saline soil under freeze-thaw cycles北大核心CSCD

季节冻土区特殊的温湿环境造成盐渍土累积变形是导致众多工程问题的主要原因,但其变形破坏机理尚不十分明确。通过配制不同含盐量的粉土开展冻融循环试验,研究试验过程中温度、未冻水含量、孔隙水压力、基质吸力和位移的变化规律。结果表明：孔隙水压力和基质吸力对土体温度敏感,对土体变形有重要影响。类比于非饱和土有效应力原理,给出了冻结盐渍土的有效应力方程,将土体变形分为温度应变、盐胀、冻胀、溶陷、融沉和残余应变,很好地解释了冻结盐渍土的变形机理。研究了含盐量对土体变形的影响程度,发现低含盐量时土体应变以冻胀和融沉为主;随着含盐量的增加,盐胀和溶陷的贡献越来越大;而含盐量为1%时土体变形最小,表明适当控制含盐量可有效抑制土体变形。     

Changes in surface soil mositure during freeze-thaw process under different vegetated status using Sentinel-1A in Beiluhe北大核心CSCD

Beiluhe basin lies in a permafrost region where is located in the interior of Tibetan Plateau. Ecosystem in the area is subjected to the freeze-thaw process of the active tjaele,and there is conspicuous correlation between soil moisture（SM）and vegetation coverage. To retrieve the soil moisture content of Beiluhe basin with a total area of 2 037. 94 km2,a synergistic method,which combined improved water cloud model,Oh,Dubois and Topp model,was presented in this paper base on Sentinel-1A multi-polarization SAR and Landsat-8 time series images data. The accuracy was validated with the in-situ point SM data：Adjusted-R2 of the regression equation is 0. 6848,and RMSE is 0. 039 cm3·cm-3. The analysis of correlation among freeze-thaw process,SM and vegetation cover from macro watershed scale manifests：Vegetation coverage has a significant delayed effect on the freeze-thaw process of the active tjaele,that is,the higher vegetation coverage,the more lagging freeze-thaw time;These study results are basically consistent with predecessors in-situ observation data,verifying the feasibility of studying correlation among soil freeze-thaw process,SM,and vegetation coverage from the macro watershed scale based on Sentinel-1A annual time series data. © 2022 Science Press (China).     

Study on frost heaving characteristics of sandstone under different freezing conditions北大核心CSCD

At present,artificial freezing method has become one of the effective methods for coal mine shaft to pass through water-rich soft rock strata,which can stop the movement of groundwater and limit the deformation of surrounding rock. In order to study the frost heaving characteristics of sandstone under different freezing conditions,frost heaving tests of saturated and dry Cretaceous red sandstone samples under different freezing rates （10 ℃·h-1,5 ℃·h-1,2 ℃·h-1,1 ℃·h-1）and different confining pressures（5 MPa,10 MPa,15 MPa,20 MPa,25 MPa）were carried out by using GCTS（Geotechnical Consulting & Testing Systems）servo-controlled low temperature and high pressure triaxial rock testing system. In this paper,based on the existing theory of physical and mechanical properties of frozen soil,we studied the frost heaving law of sandstone under different freezing conditions and explored the frost heaving mechanism. The result shows that in the process of cooling,the dry rock sample always produce cold shrinkage deformation,while the saturated rock sample first produce cold shrinkage deformation,then produce frost deformation,and finally the deformation tends to be stable. The deformation of saturated rock samples is much larger than that of dry rock samples. The larger the stress level of rock samples at the same temperature is,the smaller the frost deformation is,which shows a linear negative correlation,mainly because the high confining pressure limits the volume expansion of the water phase in the pore inside the rock samples when it becomes ice. The frost deformation of rock samples is mainly affected by confining pressure and water content,while the frost heaving rate is mainly affected by cooling rate. Under this test condition,the higher the cooling rate of sandstone is,the higher the frost heaving rate is,and the relationship between them is approximately linear. For saturated rock samples,the confining pressure reduces the rock frost heaving by limiting the expansion during the phase transformation of ice water,and the temperature affects the rock frost heaving by affecting the freezing rate of pore water and the thermal expansion and cold contraction of rock skeleton. For dry rock samples,the deformation is mainly due to the volume contraction of rock mineral particles caused by thermal expansion and cold contraction effect,and the greater the temperature change,the greater the deformation. Based on the experimental results and theoretical analysis method,a calculation formula of rock frost heaving considering the influence of confining pressure was established. By calculating the frost heave of sandstone samples under different confining pressures,it is found that the calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental results. Moreover,according to the calculation formula of frost heaving,the influence factors of rock frost heaving during freezing can be divided into two categories：internal cause and external cause. The internal cause includes porosity,saturation,volume modulus of ice and rock skeleton,and the external cause includes temperature and confining pressure. For saturated rock,the frost heaving is mainly affected by factors such as confining pressure,temperature and porosity. When the saturation,porosity and freezing rate are low,the rock may only produce shrinkage deformation,because these indicators determine whether the rock produces frost heave or freeze shrinkage. The mechanism of rock frost heaving is very complicated due to the interaction and restriction between the internal and external factors and the dynamic changes of rock micro-structure and mechanical properties during the process of frost heaving. The research results can provide theoretical reference for freezing construction scheme design of deep coal seam mine construction,and also provide a theoretical basis for the study of physical and mechanical properties and engineering application of soft rock in frozen soil area. © 2022 Science Press (China).     

Experimental study of the mechanical and thermal properties of lignin fiber-stabilized loess under freeze-thaw cycles北大核心CSCD

冻融循环作用是造成寒区工程病害的主要因素之一。为探究冻融循环对木质素纤维改良黄土力学和热学的影响,通过轻型击实试验、冻融循环试验、不固结不排水三轴剪切试验、热常数分析试验和X射线衍射试验,以木质素纤维掺量、冻融循环次数和围压为变量展开研究。结果表明：随着掺量的增加,改良黄土的最大干密度降低,最优含水率升高;随着冻融循环次数的增加,试样的应力-应变曲线由应变硬化型向应变弱软化型转变;试样的质量损失率、破坏强度、弹性模量、黏聚力、内摩擦角和导热系数均随着冻融循环次数的增加呈下降趋势,在经历第1次冻融循环后衰减率最高,并且总是在掺量为5%时达到最大值;试样的破坏强度和黏聚力在经历6~9次冻融循环后趋于稳定;黄土及掺量为5%的改良黄土在X射线衍射分析中成分相似,未发现新的物质生成,因此,木质素纤维是一种绿色的物理固化材料。该研究成果可为寒区土体加固提供新思路。     

Experimental study on mechanical properties and pore characteristics of the modified lime mortars under freee-thaw cycles北大核心CSCD

石灰土作为路基填料代替宕渣是一种较为经济的方案,但灰土初始强度低、硬化速率慢、碳化时间长,不利于快速施工,需要进行改良研究。利用偏高岭土与石灰发生火山灰反应的原理改良灰土,通过单轴压缩试验和三轴压缩试验,分析改良灰土冻融循环条件下力学参数变化规律,利用图像处理技术提取改良灰土图像表面孔隙,建立孔隙率与强度的关系,并通过研究龄期、石灰含量和含水率变化规律,分析偏高岭土改良灰土的机制。结果表明：偏高岭土能够有效提高灰土材料反应速率,改善灰土力学特性;偏高岭土在一定程度上能够恢复冻融循环导致的灰土力学性能损失,降低冰晶体产生的孔隙;灰土强度达到最优后,其强度随着石灰的增加而降低,而经偏高岭土改良后其强度将继续增加;火山灰反应比灰土碳化过程消耗更多的水分,有效提高了灰土的抗冻性能。     

Experimental study on three-point bending of granite after cryogenic freeze-thaw cycles at -160 ℃北大核心CSCD

In order to study the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the type I fracture toughness of granite under ultra-low temperature conditions,semi-circular bending（SCB）specimens were used in this study,and different freeze-thaw times（1,2 and 3 times）were selected. The granite in the natural state was treated with -160 ℃ ultra-low temperature freeze-thaw cycles,and the three-point bending test was carried out on the granite after the freeze-thaw cycle. and microstructure effects. The results show that with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles,the localized damage of I-type crack tip of granite is intensified,the fracture toughness is decreased,the number of microcracks and pores in the rock is increased,the length of cracks is increased,and the pore size is increased. Finally,the changes of rock frost heaving force and fracture toughness under low temperature and ultra-low temperature conditions are compared and analyzed. Compared with low temperature conditions,the frost heaving force produced by ultra-low temperature freezing and thawing is larger. When fracture toughness decreases by approximately the same amplitude,rocks need more cycles of freezing and thawing at low temperature. The research results can provide theoretical reference for underground storage of liquefied natural gas（LNG）in ultra-low temperature environment. © 2022 Science Press (China).     

A Preliminary study on deep geodynamic process of Xar Moron tectonic belt in eastern Central Asia Orogenic BeltSCIEI北大核心CSCD

板块汇聚边缘的陆壳厚度变化与构造和岩浆过程的动态相互作用有着错综复杂的联系,也是对深部地球动力学背景的直接响应。西拉木伦构造带是中亚造山带东部重要的汇聚板块边界,查明其浅部构造变形及深部动力学过程对于理解中亚造山带构造演化具有重要意义。本文通过野外地质工作查明晚二叠世-早三叠世西拉木伦构造带的上地壳发育一系列北东向、轴面向南东倾的宽缓褶皱以及向南东逆冲的断层,变形样式属于薄皮构造,显示出由北西向南东挤压的单向构造应力背景,平衡剖面恢复显示此时期构造变形造成地表~30%的缩短以及~4km的浅部地壳增厚。利用林西地区火成岩全岩La/Yb比值和锆石Eu/Eu*参数构建的年龄-地壳厚度曲线揭示,二叠纪早-中期地壳厚度从49km连续减薄到33km,反映此时期整体处于伸展环境。二叠纪晚期至三叠纪初期,地壳厚度增加了~15km,峰值厚度达~48km,这个迅速的地壳增厚过程可能是岩浆作用导致的地壳垂向增生和构造作用产生的造山带物质堆叠综合作用的结果。本文根据构造带同汇聚期岩浆岩面积和地壳厚度估算造山作用形成了~11%的新生陆壳。同时,两个时期的深部壳幔相互作用方式也有不同,二叠纪早期西拉木伦构造带火成岩锆石的εHf(t)值相对较高(6.1~19.9;均值10.1),δ^(18 )O值较分散(5.1‰~8.3‰),指示岩浆在形成过程中有幔源物质的加入,示踪了林西地区深部与软流圈上涌有关的伸展过程;而晚二叠世至三叠纪初期花岗岩锆石εHf(t)值相对下降(-1.1~17.2;均值9.3),δ^(18 )O值仍高于幔源值(>5.9‰),揭示同源地幔岩浆的持续重融改造过程。综合沉积环境、地壳厚度变化、岩浆岩同位素变化、地壳增生量及地表单向构造应力背景等特征,本文提出西拉木伦构造带可能经历了地幔俯冲;而早-中二叠世的软流圈上涌和晚二叠世-早三叠世的下地壳及岩石圈地幔密度增大,可能是发生地幔俯冲的深部地球动力学原因。     

U-Th-Pb dating of garnet based on LAICP-MS mapping technology: A case study of the Tonglvshan large-scale Cu -Fe-Au skarn depositSCIEI北大核心CSCD

矽卡岩矿床的年代学信息对研究矽卡岩矿床的矿床成因、演变过程、成矿规律和找矿勘查具有重要的指示意义。石榴子石是矽卡岩矿床中的常见矿物,它具有一定的U含量,但是由于其普通铅高以及铀分布不均一的原因,导致激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)点分析获得年龄成功率不高。针对点分析定年遇到的深度分馏和剥蚀点选取、普通铅校正等问题,本文提出一种利用LA-ICP-MS面扫描分析数据的虚拟点构建技术,在Tera-Wasserburg(TW)图中实现普通铅校正来确定含普通铅石榴子石年龄。通过理论推导、数值模拟和实验分析研究发现,利用相关联的^(208)Pb、^(232)Th、^(238)U测量数据校正生成^(208)Pb_(c)/^(238)U指标并据此对TW图中的数据进行数据分组抽样构造虚拟测量点,可以有效地把面扫描测量数据转换为与点分析测量类似但放射母子比例展布更优的数据。利用此方法对长江中下游成矿带鄂东矿区铜绿山大型Cu-Fe-Au矽卡岩矿床石榴子石进行面扫描分析。仅使用15min的样品面扫描数据,在获得了微量元素含量分布的同时,也获得了同位素比值虚拟点,交点年龄为139.2±2.9Ma(MSWD=0.7,n=126),与前人矿床研究结果相一致,验证了此方法的可行性。利用LA-ICP-MS面扫描定年技术不仅可以获得样品元素含量的二维分布图,有利于对样品期次的筛选,剔除包裹体等异常数据;还可以避免点分析中深度分馏和繁复的选点流程及二次分析等步骤,在获得样品元素含量分布的同时获得矿物年龄,为当前矽卡岩型矿床相关的关键金属研究提供了更为便捷的方法。     

冻融循环条件下层理砂岩卸荷力学特性试验研究

研究层理砂岩在两种含水状态（自由饱水与真空饱水）、不同冻融循环次数（0次、20次、40次、80次、120次）条件下的三轴卸荷力学特性.研究表明：砂岩的强度随着冻融循环次数的增加而降低,真空饱水组的劣化程度较自由饱水组剧烈,外观损伤破坏主要出现在岩样端部边缘和层理面附近.加载与残余变形阶段产生轴向应变;卸荷阶段,围压降低与变形增长具有良好的相关性,随着冻融次数增加,卸荷阶段应变量减少,冻融作用对卸荷效应更敏感.冻融次数对破坏模式的影响有一定规律但不显著,试样破坏以剪切破坏为主,但随着冻融次数的增加,张拉破坏有增强的趋势.     

冻融循环作用下层理砂岩物理特性及劣化模型

岩石在冻融环境下发生的损伤与其层理结构密切相关,同时冻融损伤作为一种综合表现,单纯考虑岩体内部某一种尺度缺陷或外部单一因素在冻融循环作用下的变化,不足以客观反映损伤情况。对垂直、平行层理试样开展0、20、40次冻融试验,首先探究了层理砂岩在冻融过程中的损伤发育特征,之后基于?100 mm SHPB试验装置,进行5种弹速下的冲击试验,分析了冻融循环条件下层理砂岩冲击破碎块度分布规律,以冻融损伤累积与破碎块度的相关性为理论依据,以力学性质的冻融劣化为思想建立了层理砂岩的冻融劣化模型,研究结果表明：冻融环境下,两种试样孔隙发育、纵波波速表现出显著差异,平行层理试样相对更容易发生损伤;各级冲击弹速下破碎块度分布与冻融循环次数之间存在正相关、负相关以及波动型3种相关关系;劣化模型基于负相关区域数据和成比例相同区域数据得到的强度、峰值应变计算值与实测值非常接近,基于正相关区域数据得到的强度计算值也与实测值有很好的一致性。     

冻融岩石核磁共振检测及冻融损伤机制分析

以花岗岩为岩样在最低冻结温度为-40 ℃、融化温度为20 ℃的条件下对5组岩样开展了冻融循环试验,最高累积冻融循环次数为100次,并采用核磁共振（NMR）技术检测岩样内部损伤变化。试验结果表明,冻融作用会对岩石内部造成损伤,循环次数达到一定值时岩样表面产生明显裂纹;NMR T2谱图和成像结果表明,冻融作用使岩样孔隙结构重新分布,孔隙数量随循环次数增加而增加,产生裂纹后T2曲线信号幅度发生显著变化。最后使用损伤力学原理对花岗岩冻融损伤机制进行探讨,得到材料连续性与孔隙率的损伤关系、有效应力与孔隙率的关系表达式,并以岩样核磁共振结果为基础,得出其有效应力与循环次数的表达式。     

裂隙岩体冻融损伤关键问题及研究状况

工程岩体冻融损伤问题是寒区常见的工程难题,其主要诱因是岩体中水分的冻胀融缩作用。目前国内外学者关于冻岩问题的主要研究内容可大体归纳为冻岩物理力学性质、相变过程、低温多场(THM)耦合、冻融损伤模型及数值分析等4个大方面。几十年来,国内外学者通过理论分析、数值模拟、现场及室内试验等多种途径对冻岩问题展开研究,取得了丰硕的成果,但目前对冻岩问题的研究远未成熟,很多研究尚停留在试验探索阶段。要真正意义上揭示冻岩损伤机制,应以水冰相变为切入点,立足细观尺度,充分考虑冻胀融缩作用与裂隙扩展的相互影响,进而拓展至冻融作用对岩体裂隙网络发展的影响。     

白垩系红砂岩冻结融化后的力学性质试验研究

西部煤矿冻结建井穿越岩层以白垩系、侏罗系等富水弱胶结地层为主,在温度场和地应力场的耦合作用下冻结壁岩体经历了一次完整的冻融过程。以白垩系富水弱胶结红砂岩为研究对象,充分考虑红砂岩冻融过程中受到的温度场与地应力场耦合作用环境,基于力学试验得到白垩系弱胶结红砂岩冻结融化后的力学性质及冻融过程中的地应力对红砂岩力学参数的影响,对白垩系弱胶结红砂岩冻融劣化机理及冻融过程中地应力的影响机制进行了分析。冻融过程中围压分别设置为0、2、4、6、8 MPa,冻结温度分别设置为?5、?10、?15 ℃,融化温度统一设置为20 ℃。试验结果表明,白垩系弱胶结红砂岩胶结差、强度低,对冻融作用非常敏感,仅经历一次冻融后单轴抗压强度即下降28.39 %;冻融过程中的地应力提高了白垩系弱胶结红砂岩孔隙裂隙的约束能力,使冻结作用可以尽可能地向次级微孔隙发展,随着冻结程度的加深,红砂岩内部冻胀力进一步增加,损伤加剧,故而融化后的力学参数相对于无围压冻融进一步降低。研究结果为西部地区煤矿冻结建井井壁设计提供了指导。     

冻融作用下砂岩孔隙结构损伤特征研究

为研究冻融作用下砂岩孔隙结构损伤特征,选取5个岩样进行100次冻融循环试验,并采用核磁共振技术对砂岩孔隙结构进行测试,得到了冻融作用下砂岩的核磁共振弛豫时间T2谱分布、孔隙度等细观结构特征。根据孔隙的孔径分布特征,按孔径尺寸划分为小孔隙、中孔隙、大孔隙3类,并采用扩散双电层理论对不同尺寸孔隙水分布规律进行了分析。结果表明:随着冻融循环次数增加,核磁共振T2分布右移,砂岩的孔隙度增大;同时,水-岩作用导致部分矿物质溶解在孔隙水中,使得孔隙水中离子浓度升高,导致岩石内部产生大量的次生孔隙。随着孔径尺寸的增加,孔隙中的束缚水含量逐渐减少,且小孔隙的束缚水含量远远大于大孔隙;在低温冻结时,自由水先于束缚水结冰,小孔隙束缚水离子浓度的增长幅度小于大孔隙,进而产生了离子浓度差,使得小孔隙中的水分子向大孔隙迁移,造成小孔隙的损伤速率远小于大孔隙。因此,小孔隙在水-岩作用与冻胀压力的作用下不断发育,大孔隙则在冻胀压力下快速扩张、发育,直至岩样发生宏观破坏。     

渗流影响下岩石损伤和渐进破裂演化过程的数值试验研究

在FLAC-3D软件平台上,开发出岩石破裂过程的渗流-损伤耦合分析程序,对渗流-损伤耦合作用下岩石的裂纹萌生、扩展过程进行模拟研究。分析了在孔隙水压力作用下,含原生裂隙和弱化单元的非均质试件在单轴、三轴加载下的破坏过程,并与非渗流条件下试件在单轴、三轴压缩下的破坏过程相对比,通过动态显示损伤状态、渗流场,并分析应力应变关系、位移图等,对渗流影响下裂隙岩体的损伤和渐进破裂过程进行了研究。     

冻结红砂岩单轴损伤破坏CT实时试验研究

为探究冻结岩石的宏观力学特性及损伤演化机理,对20、?5、?10 ℃红砂岩进行单轴加载CT实时扫描,获得各扫描层的CT扫描图像。利用Matlab自编程序生成灰度直方图和二值图像,基于CT数H值正比于密度的关系定义岩样扫描层的安全区、损伤区、破坏区,结合温度效应、水的软化作用及冰的冻胀力对岩样的影响,定量地研究冻结岩石的损伤破坏演化规律。试验研究表明,(1) 温度由20 ℃降至?5、?10 ℃时未冻水含量减少而冻结冰含量增加,岩样强度增大、抗变形能力提高、整体稳定性提高,CT图像呈现出岩样裂纹尺寸发展减慢、损坏程度减弱的规律;(2) 不同温度下岩石单轴加载的损伤演化经历了裂隙萌生、闭合、延伸、汇集及形成宏观主裂纹的阶段,岩样变形增大发生破坏;(3) 由于端部效应,中间较两端扫描层的损伤程度高,外侧较内侧扫描层先发生损伤,损伤边缘化并向内部扩展。     

基于损伤过程的非均质岩体声发射及破坏规律数值模拟研究

声发射事件数大小及源分布特征是岩体损伤演化过程的直接表征。在前人研究的基础上,以数值模拟的方法,考虑细观非均匀特性,采用基于应变软化的弹-脆-塑性模型描述基元的损伤与破坏过程。借助FLAC3D软件中的FISH函数实现了以Weibull分布随机赋予基元材料属性及对声发射事件数的记录,从时间序列上探讨非均匀性对岩体声发射现象的影响,结果表明,均质度对于岩体的声发射规律及破坏模式影响显著。