Assimilating satellite SST/SSH and in-situ T/S profiles with the Localized Weighted Ensemble Kalman Filter

The Localized Weighted Ensemble Kalman Filter(LWEnKF) is a new nonlinear/non-Gaussian data assimilation(DA) method that can effectively alleviate the filter degradation problem faced by particle filtering, and it has great prospects for applications in geophysical models. In terms of operational applications, along-track sea surface height(AT-SSH), swath sea surface temperature(S-SST) and in-situ temperature and salinity(T/S) profiles are assimilated using the LWEnKF in the northern South China ...     

Bias correction of sea surface temperature retrospective fore-casts in the South China Sea

Offline bias correction of numerical marine forecast products is an effective post-processing means to improve forecast accuracy. Two offline bias correction methods for sea surface temperature(SST) forecasts have been developed in this study: a backpropagation neural network(BPNN) algorithm, and a hybrid algorithm of empirical orthogonal function(EOF) analysis and BPNN(named EOF-BPNN). The performances of these two methods are validated using bias correction experiments implemented in the South...     

20世纪夏威夷最大海啸的地质证据

夏威夷历史海啸记录包含远距离和当地产生的海啸,由这些事件引起的人员伤亡和对建筑、环境造成的破坏与损失是惊人的,但是在近来才有一些对历史海啸沉积事件的综合性的研究.夏威夷多岩石的海岸线的演变主要是海啸和风暴的贡献,然而区分风暴和海啸是很难的,特别是相关的小的历史海啸事件.因此夏威夷海啸的研究往往关注于大的古海啸沉积事件.研究表明远距离产生的事件,如1946年阿留申海啸对瓦胡岛岩石岸线的演变具有重要影响.活火山也有助于岩石岸线的形成,且容易引发当地海啸.现代活动的Kilauea火山南侧海域的逐步沉降并没有引起太平洋范围内的破坏性的大海啸,但引发了局部一系列重要的海啸事件,这些事件的周期被估计认为是200年.     

Validation and application of soil moisture active passive sea surface salinity observation over the Changjiang River Estuary

Using sea surface salinity(SSS)observation from the soil moisture active passive(SMAP)mission,we analyzed the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of SSS around Changjiang River(Yangtze River)Estuary for the period of September 2015 to August 2018.First,we found that the SSS from SMAP is more accurate than soil moisture and ocean salinity(SMOS)mission observation when comparing with the in situ observations.Then,the SSS signature of the Changjiang River freshwater was analyzed using SMAP data and the river discharge data from the Datong hydrological station.The results show that the SSS around the Changjiang River Estuary is significantly lower than that of the open ocean,and shows significant seasonal variation.The minimum value of SSS appears in July and maximum SSS in December.The root mean square difference of daily SSS between SMAP observation and in situ observation is around 3 in both summer and winter,which is much lower than the annual range of SSS variation.In summer,the diffusion direction of the Changjiang River freshwater depicted by SSS from SMAP is consistent with the path of freshwater from in situ observation,suggesting that SMAP observation may be used in coastal seas in monitoring the diffusion and advection of freshwater discharge.     

团结奋进再创辉煌——中国海洋卫星事业发展20年回顾

我国是管理海域辽阔,海岸线漫长,资源丰富的海洋大国。大力发展海洋事业,事关国家的长治久安和经济社会的可持续发展。加强对海洋的观测和了解,准确预报海洋灾害,合理开发利用海洋资源,努力保护海洋生态环境,有效维护国家海洋主权与权益,是广大海洋工作者和海洋管理部门的神圣使命和战略任务。国家海洋局从建局以来,就一直积极发展海洋科学技术,着力强化海洋观测系统建设,不断提高对海洋的持久观测能力,为海洋事业实现跨越式发展提供了强有力的支撑。     

海洋湖沼通报征稿启事

一、本刊为海洋与湖沼科学的综合性学术刊物。内容包括:1.海洋与湖沼科学研究的论文、调查及实验报告;2.海洋与湖沼科学的综合评述、重要书刊和论文的评介;3.国内外海洋与湖沼科学的先进经验及学术动态。二、投稿须知1.来稿的图、表及说明要清楚、准确,置于文中相应位置。论文要求文字、语法符合汉语规范,标点使用要恰当。电子稿书写请按宋体5号字、1.5倍行距。文中使用照片的,请寄冲     

国际海岸清洁日 斑海豹协会在行动

2011年9月17日是国际海岸清洁日。由辽宁省盘锦市保护斑海豹志愿者协会发起,盘锦市180多名环保志愿者来到辽河入海口的斑海豹栖息地三道沟和六道沟海岸,捡拾海边不可降解的白色垃圾。这是盘锦市第一次组织和参与国际海岸清洁日活动。这次活动早在8月就在盘锦市保护斑海豹志愿者协会论坛上发帖通知,并在《辽河晚报》发布了征召志愿者的公告。协会会员和广大志愿者积极报名参加,上至70多岁的老人,下至7、8岁的孩童,有的是一家三口自驾车参加活动。17日是个周末,     

科技短消息

腰围增大,大脑萎缩?与相对较瘦的老年人相比,肥胖老年人的大脑认知区域较小,这使得他们的大脑年龄至少比实际年龄老了16岁。从前有研究表明,中年肥胖会增大日后患老年痴呆的风险,而老年痴呆通常伴随着大脑萎缩。美国加州大学的科学家们选择了94     

Analysis of cultivable aerobic bacterial community composition and screening for facultative sulfate-reducing bacteria in marine corrosive steel

Anaerobic, aerobic, and facultative bacteria are all present in corrosive environments. However, as previous studies to address corrosion in the marine environment have largely focused on anaerobic bacteria, limited attention has been paid to the composition and function of aerobic and facultative bacteria in this process. For analysis in this study, ten samples were collected from rust layers on steel plates that had been immersed in seawater for diff erent periods (i.e., six months and eight years) at Sanya and Xiamen, China. The cultivable aerobic bacterial community structure as well as the number of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were analyzed in both cases, while the proportion of facultative SRB among the isolated aerobic bacteria in each sample was also evaluated using a novel approach. Bacterial abundance results show that the proportions are related to sea location and immersion time;abundances of culturable aerobic bacteria (CAB) and SRB from Sanya were greater in most corrosion samples than those from Xiamen, and abundances of both bacterial groups were greater in samples immersed for six months than for eight years. A total of 213 isolates were obtained from all samples in terms of CAB community composition, and a phylogenetic analysis revealed that the taxa comprised four phyla and 31 genera. Bacterial species composition is related to marine location;the results show that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, accounting for 98.13% of the total, while Bacillus and Vibrio were the dominant genera, accounting for 53.06% of the total. An additional sixfacultative SRB strains were also screened from the isolates obtained and were found to encompass the genus Vibrio (four strains), Staphylococcus (one strain), and Photobacterium (one strain). It is noteworthy that mentions of Photobacterium species have so far been absent from the literature, both in terms of its membership of the SRB group and its relationship to corrosion.     

西非海岸盆地群油气勘探成果及勘探潜力分析

西非海岸盆地群包括塔尔法亚、塞内加尔、尼日尔三角洲、杜阿拉、里奥姆尼、加蓬、下刚果、宽扎、奥兰治、科特迪瓦、贝宁等11个主要沉积盆地,它们是冈瓦纳大陆裂解和中大西洋、南大西洋及赤道大西洋张开和漂移的结果,包括被动大陆边缘盆地和转换边缘盆地两种类型沉积盆地。通过利用IHS数据库资料,在系统总结西非海岸盆地群油气勘探成果基础上,划分其为早期勘探（1953年前）、储量快速增长（1954～1973年）、储量缓慢增长（1974～1994年）和深水勘探（1995年至今）四个油气勘探阶段,认为研究区油气发现主要与盆地勘探程度、油气勘探技术进步、资源国政治形势和全球经济有关;尼日尔三角洲和下刚果等重点盆地大油气田的发现直接推动了西非海岸盆地群油气储量和产量的增长;深水区是西非海岸盆地群今后寻找大发现的潜力区,而大陆架和陆上则是重点挖潜地区。     

勘探目标优选思路及方法探讨

勘探目标优选是勘探决策的重要依据,从目前常用评价方法入手,梳理地质认识与评价方法之间的辨证关系,对方法中的存在问题提出解决思路和调整方案,并举例检验。     

Application of fiber optics for deep-sea exploration systems

Optical fibers, optical transmission systems, and optical Accessories to apply fiber optics to deep-sea exploration systems are described. The discussion of fibers cover the construction of the fiber and cable and the useful life of optical fibers. Considerations in designing a system (number of fibers and multiplexing method) are discussed. Accessories such as optical feedthroughs, optical connectors, and optical rotary connectors are examined. A composite fiber-optic/coaxial cable system successfully operated for one year is described     

Development of small-scale fisheries in Yemen: An exploration

Yemen is one of the poorest countries in the world. The development of its fishery sector is increasingly being mentioned as a source of livelihood creation. The aims of this paper are to: (a) provide an overview of the institutional environment in which small-scale fishermen in Yemen operate; (b) investigate the constraints they face; and (c) discuss the potential role that co-operatives could play in such development. Small-scale fisheries in Yemen are increasingly important, yet they struggle with access to infrastructure, markets, and credit. We identify significant differences in the development of the fisheries sector in the two main fishing regions: the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea. Overall, local capacity within co-operatives needs to be improved and private sector development should be encouraged.     

中国第二次北极科学考察综述

经国务院批准,由国家海洋局组织实施的以了解北极变化及其对我国气候环境的影响为主要科学目标的中国第二次北极科学考察队于2003年7月15日从大连出发,途经日本海、鄂霍次克海,7月23日进入白令海,7月30日进入北冰洋。考察队于2003年9月12日返航离开北冰洋,26日到达上海,历时74天,安全航行14188海里,航时1010h。本次考察以“雪龙”船为支撑平台,辅以直升机、水面作业艇、冰上车辆延展考察空间,利用卫星跟踪浮标、海洋浮标、潜标、潜水器、卫星遥感等高技术手段以及常规观测设备,在白令海、楚科奇海以及加拿大海盆开展海洋、冰雪、大气、生物、地质等多学科立体综合观测,圆满完成了预定计划,获得了大批宝贵的现场数据和样品。来自中国、美国、芬兰、加拿大、日本、韩国、俄罗斯的109名科考人员参加了本次考察。     

UK onshore oil exploration, 1930–1964

The earliest attempts to find oil in Britain, dating from 1918–1922, based on anticlines flanking the Pennines, were largely unsuccessful. Renewal of exploration in the 1930s, aimed at a broader range of prospects, met with much criticism but went ahead after nationalization of the unknown and undiscovered oil resources (1934). The south of England ranked as first priority but the initial drilling of the new campaign carried out in 1935–1937 yielded only minor quantities of oil and gas. Attention was transferred in 1938 to Upper Palaeozoic prospects in the Midlands and north, resulting in small gas and oil discoveries in Scotland and Yorkshire, and discovery of a series of commerical oilfields in the Upper Carboniferous of Nottinghamshire. In the 1950s the first commercial discovery in the Jurassic was made at Kimmeridge in Dorset. Further Carboniferous discoveries were made in Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire, and a series of fresh objectives defined by seismic reflection were drilled in the Mesozoic basin of southern England. This phase of exploration was terminated at the end of 1964 by adverse fiscal changes. Continuation of effective exploration operations remained uneconomic until the oil price rise in 1973.     

An underwater towed electromagnetic source for geophysical exploration

Low-frequency electromagnetic methods are used in geophysical exploration to detect the magnetic field distortion between a transmitter and receiver produced by locally conductive bodies. Both ground and airborne systems are in current use. It is possible to similarly conduct underwater geophysical exploration by using an underwater towed source of electromagnetic radiation and a receiving magnetic or electric field detector. The receiver can be towed on an auxiliary cable, mounted on a boom on the towing platform, or land based. An underwater towed electromagnetic source suitable for ocean-bottom exploration has been constructed, and its underwater propagation characteristics at low frequency have been studied. This underwater calibrated source (UCS) is 4 m long, weighs 383 kg in air, and can produce vertical and horizontal magnetic dipoles and a horizontal electric dipole. Powered by a current-feedback-controlled, high-power, modified sonar amplifier, the UCS can produce 9710 ampereturn.m2 of magnetic dipole or 200 A.m of electric dipole at 50 A at frequencies up to 200 Hz without significant attenuation from coil inductance. This paper concentrates on the mechanical, hydrodynamic, and magnetic design details of the UCS and the electrical system, consisting of the high-current drive power system and the shipboard monitoring system for attitude and depth detectors.     

油气勘探中大地坐标系的特点及其应用

概述大地坐标系的定义及国内外常用大地坐标系的特点,并讨论了它们之间的区别与联系,阐述了大地坐标系在海洋油气勘探领域中的应用。WGS84坐标与CGCS2000坐标之间误差极小,二者在油气勘探中可互用。在今后一段时期内,WGS84仍将是油气勘探中所使用的主要坐标系。